Hydrogen Fuel Cells
- 1. Hydrogen Fuel CellBach, B.Abraham, S.Arnold-Fisher, E.Dupree, W. J.12/7/2007
- 2. AGENDABackgroundIndustry DriversApplication Types & PotentialTransportationPortableStationaryProduct Application TimelineCurrent Developments in ColumbiaQuestions
- 3. What is a Fuel Cell? Hydrogen In
- 5. Byproducts – Water, HeatHow do Fuel Cells work?
- 7. Hydrogen Production TodayUS Department of Energy
- 8. OXYGEN(AIR)Fuel ReformerConvertsto HydrogenFUELCELLINVERTERAC POWEROUTPUTDC POWEROUTPUTHYDROGEN RICH GASFUEL INPUTWATERHEATRECOVERYHeat used for Fuel ReformingAdditional Heat Components of a Fuel Cell SystemNational Institute of Standards & Technology
- 9. Examples of Fuel Cell Applications
- 10. Benefits of Fuel Cells Low or No dangerous emissions
- 12. Constant and consistent power
- 13. No Moving Parts
- 14. Portable fuel cell systems much lighter than batteries
- 15. Smaller than regular batteries Limitations of Fuel Cells Transportation and storage of fuels (Hydrogen gas)
- 17. Energy needed to produce Hydrogen from Water
- 18. Large amounts of hydrogen needed to meet energy needs
- 20. High Cost
- 21. Currently do not have hydrogen production capacity
- 22. Intolerability to freezing temperaturesWho is involved?Based on 2006 data
- 23. World Fuel Cell ActivityPWC Survey 2006
- 24. Industry LeadersPWC Survey 2006
- 25. Industry Gross RevenuePWC Survey 2007
- 26. Industry Gross RevenueU.S. Census Bureau 2002 & PWC 2007
- 27. Industry Success FactorsRESEARCH & DEVELOPMENTINFRASTRUCTURE&STORAGEHYDROGENPRODUCTION
- 28. HYDROGEN PRODUCTIONUS/South Korea Nuclear Hydrogen Program ExampleNuclear Hydrogen Joint Development Center in Daejeon & San DiegoHeat electrolysis at 800ºC (today 150ºC)HeatH2Water
- 29. INFRA-STRUCTURE &STORAGEResearch LeadersJapanGermanyUSAH2 Economy Case Study: IcelandHYTHANE Fuel (20% H2, 80% Gas)AralHydroLinde
- 30. Types of ApplicationR & DGlobal private sector researchFuel Cell Industry Research – SC Export Consortium
- 31. Transportation400 fuel cell powered vehicle prototypes worldwide (BMW, Daihatsu, DaimlerChrysler, Fiat, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, MAN/Neoplan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan/Renault, PSA, Suzuki, Toyota, VW/Audi)US H2 daily production capacity fuels 20 million cars(243 million passenger vehicles registered in US)SolarToday.org/H2Mobility.org
- 32. Cost AnalysisCost of producing Hydrogen: $1.5 to $3.5 per kgWithout compression, storage or delivery costsHighly dependent on natural gas, electricity prices and economies of scaleEstimated cost at pump: $20 per kg1kg of Hydrogen = Energy content of 1gal gasoline (at 2x efficiency)Effective cost at pump: $10 per kg
- 33. Price of average hydrogen powered car (internal combustion): Sticker + $50,000
- 34. 50,000 miles cost of H2 car above regular car: $61,667 (Assumption: 30 miles/gal at $3/gal gasoline)SolarToday.org/MSN.com
- 35. Where to fill up your hydrogen car?299 H2 stations worldwide117,000 petroleum stations in US
- 36. Future OutlookAverage Annual Expected Sales of PEMFC/SPFC for Light-Duty Vehicles@ $10,000 per fuel cell = 730,000 vehiclesFuel Cell Industry Research – SC Export Consortium
- 37. Portable: Military ApplicationsCurrent Products:Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)Current Status:26 models in current useFuture Market: DoD investing 1.9 billion in (UAS) next 5 years Benefits: Low noise, Low heat
- 38. Run time double compared to alternativesSource: Millenium Cell (2007)
- 39. Portable: Military ApplicationsCurrent Products:Soldier Power (72-hour, 30-50 watt power source)Current Status:ProPack C-50Future Market: Estimated 200 million dollar annual market. Benefits: Lighter in weight
- 40. Less expensive compared to alternatives.Source: Millenium Cell (2007)
- 41. Portable: Emergency ResponseCurrent Products:Extended Runtime AdapterCurrent Status:XRT (Jadoo Power)
- 42. In commercialization. Future Market: Hurricane Katrina pushed demands for more reliable energy sources for first responders.Benefits: Lightweight, extended runtime.Source: Jadoo Power (2007)
- 43. Portable: ConsumerFuture Products: Laptops, cell phones, mobile devices.Current Status: In developmental, R&D Stages
- 44. Numerous prototypes.Future Market: Dependent upon fuel cell technology growth compared to battery technology.Benefits: Lightweight, extended runtime.Source: Jadoo Power (2007)
- 45. Stationary MarketCurrent Products: Back-up generators (industrial, small-business)
- 46. Distributed PowerCurrent Status: 98 million dollar market (2006)Future Market:Expected to reach 16.9 billion by 2012.Benefits: Reliability, low-maintenance, longer operating life.Source: Ballard Power (2007), Winter Green Research (2006)
- 47. Product Application TimelineStationary Portable Transportation20072010 - 201520072010 - 201520072010 - 20152020 - 2030
- 48. H2 Fuel Cells in Columbia, SCCurrent ProjectsInnovistaFuel Cell SouthPalmetto Fuel Cell TechnologiesUSC Fuel Cell Research GroupUSC Fuel Cell Bus Project (liquid hydrogen refueling station 2008-2009)
- 49. QUESTIONS?"Water will be the coal of the future," Jules Verne (1874)Pennsylvania State University