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Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final Reports)

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This document provides information about two projects - an international hyper loop project and a national Engro coal power project in Pakistan. For the hyper loop project, it discusses the background and objectives of hyper loop technology, how it works by reducing friction through near-vacuum tubes and magnetic levitation, and some of the companies developing it including Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. It also outlines some proposed routes under consideration. For the Engro coal power project, it introduces the project and outlines its objectives and importance for providing power in Thar.

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1/22/2020 Project Manger Najam-Ul-Hassan ProjectTeamMembers Rebekah Samuel Pervaiz Hayat Abdul Haseeb Mushtaq Submitted To:- Ma'am Ayesha Shahid PROJECT MANAGEMENT International Project Hyper Loop national Project Engro Coal Power
Page # 2 Table of Contents Page # International Project 1. Introduction.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Background context............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 What is Hyper Loop?.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3 Objectives..................................................................................................................3 1.4 Why The Need? .......................................................................................................3 2. Scope and Project Charter..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Scope.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 How does the hyper loop work? ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Who is building the hyper loop? ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Hyper loop One .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5 Routes overall the world ........................................................................................5 2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies ............................................................5 2.7 Engineering Milestones .........................................................................................5 2.8 Project Charter ........................................................................................................6 3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Cost ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Scheduling........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Conclusion National Project 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................10 1.1 Background context...............................................................................................10 1.2 What is Engro coal power? ..................................................................................10 1.3 Objectives of Engro coal power...........................................................................10 1.4 Why The Need Engro coal power in Thar? .......................................................10 2. Scope and Project Charter........................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Scope..................................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Working Phases ..............................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Constructions ....................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Public Private Partnership ..............................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.8 Project Charter ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Conclusion
Page # 3 1.Introduction Hyper loop offers a potential revolution in transport. It could transform how we perceive distance by enabling aircraft speeds at ground level in an on-demand point-to-point transport system. Hyper loop refers to the concept described by Elon Musk in his paper, Hyper loop Alpha1, which is a new, very high speed, transportation mode, published in 2013 and involves either passenger carrying vehicles that operate inside tubes with air free to create a low-pressure environment. The reduced air resistance resulting enable the vehicles to reach very high speeds; 2-3 times faster than high speed rail. owners also claim that the system can enable direct, on-demand travel rather than a scheduled service as provided by other forms of public transport, could be more environmentally friendly than other modes and could be cheaper than high-speed rail. 1.1 Background Context The idea of a mass transport system that involves propelling vehicles along low pressure tubes was discussed as long ago as the late 17th century following the invention of the world’s first artificial vacuum. Many subsequent configurations have been attempted for transporting both small parcels and messages, and even passengers, such as the following experimental system erected at the American Institute in New York (as shown in figure). 1.2 What is Hyper Loop? Three years later, Elon Musk published his proposal for the Hyper loop in a 57-page white paper. According to his design, sealed pods containing 28 people each would whisk through tubes. A trip from NYC to DC would take 29 minutes, he tweeted in 2017 (as shown in figure). 1.3 Objectives The purpose of hyper loop are reducing construction, great distance in short amount of time, travel at high speed and maintained costs of the rail, compared to the alternatives, it should ideally be: 1. Safer 2. Faster 3. Lower cost 4. More suitable 5. protected to weather 6. Sustainably self powering 7. Resistant to earthquakes 8. Controllability 1.4 Why The Need? Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic, given carbon emissions and the fluctuating price of oil. As the environmental dangers of energy consumption continue to worsen. Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive to be particularly adopted. Given
Page # 4 these issues, the Hyper loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for use at reasonable distances. As an example of the right type of distance, Musk uses the route from San Francisco to L.A. (a route the high-speed rail system will also cover). 2. Scope and Project Charter 2.1 Scope Hyper loop is expected to be the fifth mode of transport in the future. At present, hyper loop is in a development stage, and a number of companies have started testing this technology. The scope of the study covers segmentation by system type and by carriage type. The system type segmentation includes capsule, tube, propulsion system and other systems while the carriage type includes passenger and cargo/freight. 2.2 How does the hyper loop work? The speed of conventional trains and all land based transport is limited by friction, both against the air ahead and the ground below. Hyper loop significantly reduces friction in both of these areas. First, the tunnels through which it operates have most of their air removed. They are not complete vacuums, but much less air means reduced friction and less energy is required to reach a higher speed. Secondly, Musk's design saw the hyper loop pods, each containing a handful of passengers, held above the ground by a layer of air. The Hyper loop tubes would have solar panels installed on the roof, allowing for a clean and self-powering system. Musk suggested that the power required to remove air from the tunnels and propel the pods along would come from solar panels of the tunnel. 2.3 Who is building the hyper loop? Musk, early lead in making his hyper loop dreams a reality was fought between Hyper loop One and Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT), both based in the US but with plans to build hyper loop is started from enter countries. 2.4 Hyper loop One Hyper loop after investment from Richard Branson's company in late-2017. Pods are driven along a track which is essentially an electromagnetic motor unwound and laid flat along the floor of the tunnel. When a current is fed through the track, the pods move forwards, accelerating until they reach a speed where they lift up and are guided by magnets. A series of vacuum pumps remove much of the tunnel's air to the point where the atmosphere is similar to being 200,000 feet above sea level. Naturally, the pods will be pressurized like an airplane cabin. Hyper loop One says its 670mph system will be "automated by the most advanced systems in the world, allowing a safe and efficient journey that is never delayed or overbooked."
Page # 5 2.5 Routes overall the world The company has been the most forthcoming in regard to planned hyper loop locations. These include several proposed routes across the US, UK, Europe and the Middle East, although none have yet been given the green light for construction to begin. Given its wealth, open space and interest in innovative technologies, the United Arab Emirates is a strong candidate for the first hyper loop, which is expected to operate between Dubai and Abu Dhabi early next decade. Other routes considered by Hyper loop One include connecting London with Edinburgh, Los Angeles with San Diego, Miami with Orlando, FL, Reno, NV with Las Vegas, and Chicago with Columbus, OH and Pittsburgh, PA. 2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT) also launched soon after Musk published his white paper, and although based in the US it has so far made the most progress in Eastern Europe, India and South Korea, where feasibility studies are taking place. The company's R&D centre in Toulouse, France was working on the first full-scale hyper loop passenger capsule, that was unveil in early 2018. Much larger than those designed by Musk, each HTT capsule will be 98.5 feet long, 9 feet in diameter, weigh 20 tons and carry between 28 and 40 passengers at up to 760mph. HTT will place rows of magnets along the track and on the underside of each capsule. Repelling each other, the magnets force the capsule to levitate once it is driven forward by an electric motor. Once the capsule is levitating and traveling through a tunnel with its air removed, HTT claims very little energy is required to sustain speeds of over 700mph. 2.8 Engineering Milestones Time Works Time Works Aug 2015 Big Tube Mar 2017 Hyper Structure Complete May 2015 Open air Test May 2017 Full System Test Aug 2015 Loop working start July 2017 Speed Test Nov 2015 Technology Installed 2018 Production Preparation 2.7 Features: Hyper loop pod is tipped to carry around 28-40 passengers. It will transfer 164,000 passengers daily. Taking just 40 seconds to depart, customers won’t want to miss their slot. The Hyper loop One tunnel will be 100 feet long and 2.7m in diameter. It’s set to launch in Dubai next year, but will begin trials in the Nevada desert this year.
Page # 6 PROJECT CHARTER Project Name: Hyper loop Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013 Project Manager:Simin Lin Client and Sponsor: Space X Corporation and Tesla Motors Date: Start date April 4,2017 End date June 2019 Teammembers: Cameron Boyce , Mohammad Afaneh, Tai Dinah 1. PROJECT GOALS  Ensure safety of all on-board passengers  Minimize or eliminate damage  Maintain uninterrupted operation of unaffected pods  Minimize cost of system implementation 2. DELIVERABLES The ground transportation technology envisions moving people (and, no doubt, cargo) between cities in pods or capsules traveling on magnetized tracks in vacuum tubes running above or below ground. For decades, hyper loop has been the stuff of science fiction. But advances in technology, and mounting frustration with existing transit modes, means hyper loop has gone from fantasy to likely fruition. Getting hyper loop on the fast track is a goal. 3. SCOPE DEFINITION Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic and Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive. The Hyper loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for use at moderate distances. 4. PROJECT MILESTONES Project start : April 4, 2015 Engineering work start: August 2015 Production completion : 2018
Page # 7 5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS Constraints: the vehicle floats above the track using magnetic levitation and glides at airline speeds for long distances due to ultra-low aerodynamic drag. Virgin Hyper loop One systems will be built on columns or tunneled below ground to avoid dangerous grade crossings and wildlife. Assumptions: The Hyper loop is working in the ideal condition. People have been dreaming of high- speed travel in tubes, including in vacuum, for more than a century. And many of the technologies we’re combining have been around for a while: linear electric motors, vacuum pumps. Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement. 6. Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager  Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.  Liaison between clients and team members.  Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.  Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.  Motivate the team members to perform their tasks. Budget Lead  Develop breakdown of component costs.  Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem  Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within financial resources.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines. Technical Lead #1 (Design)  Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.  Plan and design subsystems of HTBC  Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines. Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)  Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.  Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for implementation.  Perform simulation and software testing.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines 3. Stakeholders of the Project 1. Top Management (president, vice-presidents, directors, division managers). Top management may include Jay Walder CEO, Josh Giegel Co-founder & Chief Technology Officer, Shervin Pishevar Co-Founder, Srikumaar Ganesan Business Development Specialist, These people direct the strategy and development of the organization.
Page # 8 2. Projectteam (leadership, direction, and support to team members to complete tasks.) The project team is made up of those people dedicated to the project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team include Jay Walder, Jim Messina, Josh Giegel, Sultan Ahmed Sulayem. Project team members have low powers. So, project manager will monitor them. Their influence on project is high. 3. Government (Municipal, Provincial, Federal, to International). Project managers of hyper loop are working in certain heavily regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical, banking, or military industries) will have to deal with government regulators and departments. These can include all or some levels of government from 4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of technology. Their role is important in every stage of a project. So, their impact on the project is high having high powers, high interest in the project. HTT include Patryk Oleniuk Lead Data Engineer, Sandhya Raghavan Sr. Data Engineer, Sandhya Jetti Senior Electrical Engineer. 5. Companies TÜV SÜD and Munich Re presented the first insurance framework for existing systems and licensing as part of future commercial systems. 6. Resource Managers Project managers are in the position of borrowing resources, other managers control their resources. So their relationships with people are especially important. If we talking about hyper loop in which acquire the best staff and the best equipment for their projects is very important. 7. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies and support for the project and is liable for assisting success. It includes Emily White, Peter Diamandis Board Observer, David Murray-Hundley Advisor. 8. Customers and users Users of hyper loop are its passenger who will travel and take its advantages directly. 9. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies that enter into a contractual agreement to provide services or resources necessary for the project. 10. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special relationship or partnership with the enterprise. 11. Organizational groups Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are influenced by the actions of the project team. For example, human resources, marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations, manufacturing, etc. 12. Investors Caspian VC Partners DP World Group(Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem). Virgin Group(Richard Branson
Page # 9 4. Cost and scheduling 4.1 Cost The total cost of the Hyper loop passenger transportation system as outlined is less than $6 billion USD. The passenger plus vehicle version of Hyper loop is including both passenger and cargo capsules and the total cost is outlined as $7.5 billion USD. Hyper loop One has received investment of $245M to date and hopes to begin construction of its first route in 2019, with commercial services starting in 2021. And its founders also claimed that ticket prices for the Los Angeles to San Francisco route would be as low as $50-80, and the journey would take just 35 minutes. 4.2 Scheduling Project start : April 4, 2015 Engineering work start: August 2015 Production completion : 2018 5. Risk management Although in theory it sounds fantastic, it is important to consider the several challenges hyper loop faces in both construction and its impact on society. The biggest speed bump hyper loop faces is the cost of the technology and elaborate tube system, estimated to cost millions of dollars. The vehicle is transported by electric propulsion1 through a low-pressure tube and floats above the track using magnetic levitation. The long vacuum chamber manufacturing requires advanced technical skills which are costly and also risky to maintain. High risk to life, limited space in the train and land use rights are some other concerns and challenges that hyper loop will face, not to mention the installation would require a large number of trees to be cut down, leading to environmental loss. 6. Conclusion The development of Hyper loop as the 5th mode of travel has the potential to provide a revolutionary transportation alternative in the rapidly evolving modern world. Hyper loop has many inherent safety and performance advantages over existing transportation methods, however like all modes of transportation it has associated risks and hazards. This paper has discussed some of the development efforts at HTT to identify those risks and hazards and mitigate them through careful capsule design and operational procedures. These and other efforts will continue through the design, verification and certification stages of this new transportation technology. This process along with on-going development of new standards and regulatory activities will result in Hyper loop installations that exceed the expectations for modern transportation systems.
Page # 10 National Project 1. INTRODUCTION Coal accounts for around 40% of electricity production globally making it the most important means of power generation in the world and is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. It has achieved its incomparability as a power station fuel because it is cheap and widely available. The fuel has been used as a source of energy for over 4000 years but electricity production from coal only began at the end of the nineteenth century. Initially it was based on steam engines but it advanced with the development of the steam turbine to become the major means of generating electricity during the twentieth century. Many nations have built their prosperity on coal. The largest national users of coal for power generation are China, the USA and India. 1.1 Background Context The burning of coal to generate electricity is a relative newcomer in the long history of this fossil fuel. It was in the 1880s when coal was first used to generate electricity for homes and factories. In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. By 1961, coal had become the major fuel used to generate electricity in the United States. 1.2 What is Engro coal power project: Engro Coal power plants are defined as “the electrical power generating stations where coal is the fuel to combust heat source”. Here, the heat (steam) obtained by coal combustion is converted into electrical energy. These power plants are also called thermal power plants. Engro power plant is a new coal-fired power station located in the Tharparkar district, Sindh, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's first power plant to use local coal reserves of Thar. 1.3 Objective of Engro power plant Thar (EPTL) The overall objective of developing (EPTL) is to generate electric power from in- country coal resources, to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal, and to contribute towards bridging the gap between electricity supply and demand. 1.4 Need of Engro power plant in Thar: Pakistan was previously facing a serious energy crisis: the energy shortfall exceeds 6,000 MW. The rapid increase in energy demand from growing demographic pressures and extreme industrialization has contributed to the crisis. Coal plays a minor role in Pakistan’s energy mix, although the Thar Desert having one of the largest undeveloped coal reserves in the world. Pakistan’s annual demand for coal exceeds supply; therefore, Pakistan relies upon imported coal to fulfill its requirements, particularly for industrial uses. 2. Project scope In subsequent phases, chemical and fertilizer plants would be set-up as part of a Mega Petro- Chemical Complex which would be supported by additional coal mining. Power transmission
Page # 11 line of 500 KV will be planned and constructed for 1000 mw power dispersal to power grid network. 2.1 Working Phases:  Development of site for the Power Plant,  Construction of Power Plant (boiler, steam turbine, and generator)  Commissioning and operation of the Power Plant,  Storage of coal within power plant surrounding area,  Disposal of power plant waste, and  Decommissioning of Power Plant. Electricity generated from the project will be connected to the national electricity grid at Matiari, from where power can be directed to Karachi or towards northern Pakistan via the Matiari to Lahore and Matiari to Faisalabad 660 kilovolt transmission lines. 2.3 Public Private Partnership Joint Venture (JV) Company Structure:  40% Shares owned by the Government of Sindh (GoS)  60% Shares owned by Engro Power PROJECT CHARTER Project Name: Engro Coal power plant Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013 Date: Start date April ,2016 End date June 2019 Client and Sponsor: PPSukuk 1. PROJECT GOALS  To Overcome the energy crises in Pakistan,  to generate electric power from in-country coal resources,  to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal. 2. DELIVERABLES  Remove Energy crises from the country and give easy life with usage of internal resources. 3. SCOPE DEFINITION To overcome the current energy crisis, Pakistan has no other alternative except development of indigenous energy resources.
Page # 12 4. PROJECT MILESTONES Project start : 2015 Engineering work start: August 2016 Production completion : 2019 5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS Constraints: stop load shading, build easy life. Assumptions: Engro power plant work with ideal conditions with coal, estimated project cost is 2 billion dollars. Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement. 6. Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager  Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.  Liaison between clients and team members.  Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.  Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.  Motivate the team members to perform their tasks. Budget Lead  Develop breakdown of component costs.  Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem  Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within financial resources.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines. Technical Lead #1 (Design)  Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.  Plan and design subsystems of ECPP.  Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines. Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)  Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.  Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for implementation.  Perform simulation and software testing.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines
Page # 13 3. Stakeholders of the Project There are both types of stakeholders internal as well as external. 1. Top Management (president, vice-presidents, directors, division managers). These people direct the strategy and development of the organization, Engro Powergen Limited (EPL). 2. Projectteam (leadership, direction, and support to team members to complete tasks.) The project team is made up of those people dedicated to the project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team members have low powers. So, project manager will monitor them. their influence on project is high. 3. Government (Municipal, Provincial, Federal, to International). Project managers of ECPP are working in certain heavily regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical, banking, or military industries) will have to deal with government regulators and departments. These can include all or some levels of government from 4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of technology. Their role is important in every stage of a project. So, their impact on the project is high having high powers, high interest in the project. and China Machinery Engineering Company (CMEC) (35%) 5. Resource Managers project managers are in the position of borrowing resources, other managers control their resources. So their relationships with people are especially important. If we talking about ECPP in which acquire the best staff and the best equipment for their projects is very important. EPTL's majority ordinary shares are owned by Engro Powergen Limited (EPL) (50.1%) 6. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies and support for the project and is liable for assisting success. owned by Habib Bank Limited (HBL) (9.5%) and Liberty Mills Limited (LML) (5.4%). In addition to ordinary shares, $85mln preference shares are all subscribed by CMEC 7. Customers and users Users of ECPP are whole Pakistani's who are suffer from energy crises and take its advantages directly. 8. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies that enter into a contractual agreement to provide services or resources necessary for the project. 9. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special relationship or partnership with the enterprise. 10. Organizational groups Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are influenced by the actions of the project team. For example, human resources, marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations, manufacturing, etc.
Page # 14 4. Costs and schedule of project Construction begun 2014 Commission date April 10 2019 Completed date 10 July, 2019 Construction cost 1.13 billion USD 5. Risks identifications of project RISKS Details Construction Delays  Government changes,  Technical advancement,  Coverage though insurance of property damage or delayed in the event of machinery break down, floods, earth quakes etc. Imported Coal Risk : (Imported Coal Cheaper than Local Coal) Economic model should ensure that the price of coal is competitive with imported coal and if required may ask for import tax protection in initial years. Payment Risks Long term contracts, with take or pay agreement for off take of Coal incase it is with a public company it will be backed. Conclusions It is to be noted that Thar coalfields contain the world’s 7th largest coal reserves – estimated at 175 Billion Tons, capable to produce 100,000 MW for the next 200 years. Thar lignite is indigenous, abundantly available, and ideally suited to produce electricity giving it distinct advantage over imported coal. Price of Thar Coal is set on a “cost plus” basis and is not linked to international energy price movements, thereby, insulating the end consumer of electricity in Pakistan from the vagaries of international coal price movements. Thar coal also has the advantage of economies of scale, which will result in a progressively lower coal price and predictable electricity price as the mining operation scales up and more power plants are added. Most importantly, utilization of Thar coal for power generation will result in huge foreign exchange savings versus any other imported energy resource.

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Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final Reports)

  • 1. 1/22/2020 Project Manger Najam-Ul-Hassan ProjectTeamMembers Rebekah Samuel Pervaiz Hayat Abdul Haseeb Mushtaq Submitted To:- Ma'am Ayesha Shahid PROJECT MANAGEMENT International Project Hyper Loop national Project Engro Coal Power
  • 2. Page # 2 Table of Contents Page # International Project 1. Introduction.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Background context............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 What is Hyper Loop?.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3 Objectives..................................................................................................................3 1.4 Why The Need? .......................................................................................................3 2. Scope and Project Charter..........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Scope.................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 How does the hyper loop work? ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Who is building the hyper loop? ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Hyper loop One .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5 Routes overall the world ........................................................................................5 2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies ............................................................5 2.7 Engineering Milestones .........................................................................................5 2.8 Project Charter ........................................................................................................6 3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Cost ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Scheduling........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Conclusion National Project 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................10 1.1 Background context...............................................................................................10 1.2 What is Engro coal power? ..................................................................................10 1.3 Objectives of Engro coal power...........................................................................10 1.4 Why The Need Engro coal power in Thar? .......................................................10 2. Scope and Project Charter........................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Scope..................................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Working Phases ..............................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Constructions ....................................................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Public Private Partnership ..............................1Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.8 Project Charter ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Stakeholders of the Project ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Cost and scheduling ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Risk management.........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Conclusion
  • 3. Page # 3 1.Introduction Hyper loop offers a potential revolution in transport. It could transform how we perceive distance by enabling aircraft speeds at ground level in an on-demand point-to-point transport system. Hyper loop refers to the concept described by Elon Musk in his paper, Hyper loop Alpha1, which is a new, very high speed, transportation mode, published in 2013 and involves either passenger carrying vehicles that operate inside tubes with air free to create a low-pressure environment. The reduced air resistance resulting enable the vehicles to reach very high speeds; 2-3 times faster than high speed rail. owners also claim that the system can enable direct, on-demand travel rather than a scheduled service as provided by other forms of public transport, could be more environmentally friendly than other modes and could be cheaper than high-speed rail. 1.1 Background Context The idea of a mass transport system that involves propelling vehicles along low pressure tubes was discussed as long ago as the late 17th century following the invention of the world’s first artificial vacuum. Many subsequent configurations have been attempted for transporting both small parcels and messages, and even passengers, such as the following experimental system erected at the American Institute in New York (as shown in figure). 1.2 What is Hyper Loop? Three years later, Elon Musk published his proposal for the Hyper loop in a 57-page white paper. According to his design, sealed pods containing 28 people each would whisk through tubes. A trip from NYC to DC would take 29 minutes, he tweeted in 2017 (as shown in figure). 1.3 Objectives The purpose of hyper loop are reducing construction, great distance in short amount of time, travel at high speed and maintained costs of the rail, compared to the alternatives, it should ideally be: 1. Safer 2. Faster 3. Lower cost 4. More suitable 5. protected to weather 6. Sustainably self powering 7. Resistant to earthquakes 8. Controllability 1.4 Why The Need? Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic, given carbon emissions and the fluctuating price of oil. As the environmental dangers of energy consumption continue to worsen. Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive to be particularly adopted. Given
  • 4. Page # 4 these issues, the Hyper loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for use at reasonable distances. As an example of the right type of distance, Musk uses the route from San Francisco to L.A. (a route the high-speed rail system will also cover). 2. Scope and Project Charter 2.1 Scope Hyper loop is expected to be the fifth mode of transport in the future. At present, hyper loop is in a development stage, and a number of companies have started testing this technology. The scope of the study covers segmentation by system type and by carriage type. The system type segmentation includes capsule, tube, propulsion system and other systems while the carriage type includes passenger and cargo/freight. 2.2 How does the hyper loop work? The speed of conventional trains and all land based transport is limited by friction, both against the air ahead and the ground below. Hyper loop significantly reduces friction in both of these areas. First, the tunnels through which it operates have most of their air removed. They are not complete vacuums, but much less air means reduced friction and less energy is required to reach a higher speed. Secondly, Musk's design saw the hyper loop pods, each containing a handful of passengers, held above the ground by a layer of air. The Hyper loop tubes would have solar panels installed on the roof, allowing for a clean and self-powering system. Musk suggested that the power required to remove air from the tunnels and propel the pods along would come from solar panels of the tunnel. 2.3 Who is building the hyper loop? Musk, early lead in making his hyper loop dreams a reality was fought between Hyper loop One and Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT), both based in the US but with plans to build hyper loop is started from enter countries. 2.4 Hyper loop One Hyper loop after investment from Richard Branson's company in late-2017. Pods are driven along a track which is essentially an electromagnetic motor unwound and laid flat along the floor of the tunnel. When a current is fed through the track, the pods move forwards, accelerating until they reach a speed where they lift up and are guided by magnets. A series of vacuum pumps remove much of the tunnel's air to the point where the atmosphere is similar to being 200,000 feet above sea level. Naturally, the pods will be pressurized like an airplane cabin. Hyper loop One says its 670mph system will be "automated by the most advanced systems in the world, allowing a safe and efficient journey that is never delayed or overbooked."
  • 5. Page # 5 2.5 Routes overall the world The company has been the most forthcoming in regard to planned hyper loop locations. These include several proposed routes across the US, UK, Europe and the Middle East, although none have yet been given the green light for construction to begin. Given its wealth, open space and interest in innovative technologies, the United Arab Emirates is a strong candidate for the first hyper loop, which is expected to operate between Dubai and Abu Dhabi early next decade. Other routes considered by Hyper loop One include connecting London with Edinburgh, Los Angeles with San Diego, Miami with Orlando, FL, Reno, NV with Las Vegas, and Chicago with Columbus, OH and Pittsburgh, PA. 2.6 Hyper loop Transportation Technologies Hyper loop Transportation Technologies (HTT) also launched soon after Musk published his white paper, and although based in the US it has so far made the most progress in Eastern Europe, India and South Korea, where feasibility studies are taking place. The company's R&D centre in Toulouse, France was working on the first full-scale hyper loop passenger capsule, that was unveil in early 2018. Much larger than those designed by Musk, each HTT capsule will be 98.5 feet long, 9 feet in diameter, weigh 20 tons and carry between 28 and 40 passengers at up to 760mph. HTT will place rows of magnets along the track and on the underside of each capsule. Repelling each other, the magnets force the capsule to levitate once it is driven forward by an electric motor. Once the capsule is levitating and traveling through a tunnel with its air removed, HTT claims very little energy is required to sustain speeds of over 700mph. 2.8 Engineering Milestones Time Works Time Works Aug 2015 Big Tube Mar 2017 Hyper Structure Complete May 2015 Open air Test May 2017 Full System Test Aug 2015 Loop working start July 2017 Speed Test Nov 2015 Technology Installed 2018 Production Preparation 2.7 Features: Hyper loop pod is tipped to carry around 28-40 passengers. It will transfer 164,000 passengers daily. Taking just 40 seconds to depart, customers won’t want to miss their slot. The Hyper loop One tunnel will be 100 feet long and 2.7m in diameter. It’s set to launch in Dubai next year, but will begin trials in the Nevada desert this year.
  • 6. Page # 6 PROJECT CHARTER Project Name: Hyper loop Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013 Project Manager:Simin Lin Client and Sponsor: Space X Corporation and Tesla Motors Date: Start date April 4,2017 End date June 2019 Teammembers: Cameron Boyce , Mohammad Afaneh, Tai Dinah 1. PROJECT GOALS  Ensure safety of all on-board passengers  Minimize or eliminate damage  Maintain uninterrupted operation of unaffected pods  Minimize cost of system implementation 2. DELIVERABLES The ground transportation technology envisions moving people (and, no doubt, cargo) between cities in pods or capsules traveling on magnetized tracks in vacuum tubes running above or below ground. For decades, hyper loop has been the stuff of science fiction. But advances in technology, and mounting frustration with existing transit modes, means hyper loop has gone from fantasy to likely fruition. Getting hyper loop on the fast track is a goal. 3. SCOPE DEFINITION Conventional means of transportation (road, water, air, and rail) tend to be some mix of expensive, slow, and environmentally harmful. Road travel is particularly problematic and Rail travel is relatively energy efficient and offers the most environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and expensive. The Hyper loop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation system for use at moderate distances. 4. PROJECT MILESTONES Project start : April 4, 2015 Engineering work start: August 2015 Production completion : 2018
  • 7. Page # 7 5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS Constraints: the vehicle floats above the track using magnetic levitation and glides at airline speeds for long distances due to ultra-low aerodynamic drag. Virgin Hyper loop One systems will be built on columns or tunneled below ground to avoid dangerous grade crossings and wildlife. Assumptions: The Hyper loop is working in the ideal condition. People have been dreaming of high- speed travel in tubes, including in vacuum, for more than a century. And many of the technologies we’re combining have been around for a while: linear electric motors, vacuum pumps. Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement. 6. Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager  Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.  Liaison between clients and team members.  Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.  Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.  Motivate the team members to perform their tasks. Budget Lead  Develop breakdown of component costs.  Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem  Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within financial resources.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines. Technical Lead #1 (Design)  Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.  Plan and design subsystems of HTBC  Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines. Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)  Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.  Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for implementation.  Perform simulation and software testing.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines 3. Stakeholders of the Project 1. Top Management (president, vice-presidents, directors, division managers). Top management may include Jay Walder CEO, Josh Giegel Co-founder & Chief Technology Officer, Shervin Pishevar Co-Founder, Srikumaar Ganesan Business Development Specialist, These people direct the strategy and development of the organization.
  • 8. Page # 8 2. Projectteam (leadership, direction, and support to team members to complete tasks.) The project team is made up of those people dedicated to the project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team include Jay Walder, Jim Messina, Josh Giegel, Sultan Ahmed Sulayem. Project team members have low powers. So, project manager will monitor them. Their influence on project is high. 3. Government (Municipal, Provincial, Federal, to International). Project managers of hyper loop are working in certain heavily regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical, banking, or military industries) will have to deal with government regulators and departments. These can include all or some levels of government from 4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of technology. Their role is important in every stage of a project. So, their impact on the project is high having high powers, high interest in the project. HTT include Patryk Oleniuk Lead Data Engineer, Sandhya Raghavan Sr. Data Engineer, Sandhya Jetti Senior Electrical Engineer. 5. Companies TÜV SÜD and Munich Re presented the first insurance framework for existing systems and licensing as part of future commercial systems. 6. Resource Managers Project managers are in the position of borrowing resources, other managers control their resources. So their relationships with people are especially important. If we talking about hyper loop in which acquire the best staff and the best equipment for their projects is very important. 7. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies and support for the project and is liable for assisting success. It includes Emily White, Peter Diamandis Board Observer, David Murray-Hundley Advisor. 8. Customers and users Users of hyper loop are its passenger who will travel and take its advantages directly. 9. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies that enter into a contractual agreement to provide services or resources necessary for the project. 10. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special relationship or partnership with the enterprise. 11. Organizational groups Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are influenced by the actions of the project team. For example, human resources, marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations, manufacturing, etc. 12. Investors Caspian VC Partners DP World Group(Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem). Virgin Group(Richard Branson
  • 9. Page # 9 4. Cost and scheduling 4.1 Cost The total cost of the Hyper loop passenger transportation system as outlined is less than $6 billion USD. The passenger plus vehicle version of Hyper loop is including both passenger and cargo capsules and the total cost is outlined as $7.5 billion USD. Hyper loop One has received investment of $245M to date and hopes to begin construction of its first route in 2019, with commercial services starting in 2021. And its founders also claimed that ticket prices for the Los Angeles to San Francisco route would be as low as $50-80, and the journey would take just 35 minutes. 4.2 Scheduling Project start : April 4, 2015 Engineering work start: August 2015 Production completion : 2018 5. Risk management Although in theory it sounds fantastic, it is important to consider the several challenges hyper loop faces in both construction and its impact on society. The biggest speed bump hyper loop faces is the cost of the technology and elaborate tube system, estimated to cost millions of dollars. The vehicle is transported by electric propulsion1 through a low-pressure tube and floats above the track using magnetic levitation. The long vacuum chamber manufacturing requires advanced technical skills which are costly and also risky to maintain. High risk to life, limited space in the train and land use rights are some other concerns and challenges that hyper loop will face, not to mention the installation would require a large number of trees to be cut down, leading to environmental loss. 6. Conclusion The development of Hyper loop as the 5th mode of travel has the potential to provide a revolutionary transportation alternative in the rapidly evolving modern world. Hyper loop has many inherent safety and performance advantages over existing transportation methods, however like all modes of transportation it has associated risks and hazards. This paper has discussed some of the development efforts at HTT to identify those risks and hazards and mitigate them through careful capsule design and operational procedures. These and other efforts will continue through the design, verification and certification stages of this new transportation technology. This process along with on-going development of new standards and regulatory activities will result in Hyper loop installations that exceed the expectations for modern transportation systems.
  • 10. Page # 10 National Project 1. INTRODUCTION Coal accounts for around 40% of electricity production globally making it the most important means of power generation in the world and is a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. It has achieved its incomparability as a power station fuel because it is cheap and widely available. The fuel has been used as a source of energy for over 4000 years but electricity production from coal only began at the end of the nineteenth century. Initially it was based on steam engines but it advanced with the development of the steam turbine to become the major means of generating electricity during the twentieth century. Many nations have built their prosperity on coal. The largest national users of coal for power generation are China, the USA and India. 1.1 Background Context The burning of coal to generate electricity is a relative newcomer in the long history of this fossil fuel. It was in the 1880s when coal was first used to generate electricity for homes and factories. In 1882 the world's first coal-fired public power station, the Edison Electric Light Station, was built in London, a project of Thomas Edison organized by Edward Johnson. By 1961, coal had become the major fuel used to generate electricity in the United States. 1.2 What is Engro coal power project: Engro Coal power plants are defined as “the electrical power generating stations where coal is the fuel to combust heat source”. Here, the heat (steam) obtained by coal combustion is converted into electrical energy. These power plants are also called thermal power plants. Engro power plant is a new coal-fired power station located in the Tharparkar district, Sindh, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's first power plant to use local coal reserves of Thar. 1.3 Objective of Engro power plant Thar (EPTL) The overall objective of developing (EPTL) is to generate electric power from in- country coal resources, to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal, and to contribute towards bridging the gap between electricity supply and demand. 1.4 Need of Engro power plant in Thar: Pakistan was previously facing a serious energy crisis: the energy shortfall exceeds 6,000 MW. The rapid increase in energy demand from growing demographic pressures and extreme industrialization has contributed to the crisis. Coal plays a minor role in Pakistan’s energy mix, although the Thar Desert having one of the largest undeveloped coal reserves in the world. Pakistan’s annual demand for coal exceeds supply; therefore, Pakistan relies upon imported coal to fulfill its requirements, particularly for industrial uses. 2. Project scope In subsequent phases, chemical and fertilizer plants would be set-up as part of a Mega Petro- Chemical Complex which would be supported by additional coal mining. Power transmission
  • 11. Page # 11 line of 500 KV will be planned and constructed for 1000 mw power dispersal to power grid network. 2.1 Working Phases:  Development of site for the Power Plant,  Construction of Power Plant (boiler, steam turbine, and generator)  Commissioning and operation of the Power Plant,  Storage of coal within power plant surrounding area,  Disposal of power plant waste, and  Decommissioning of Power Plant. Electricity generated from the project will be connected to the national electricity grid at Matiari, from where power can be directed to Karachi or towards northern Pakistan via the Matiari to Lahore and Matiari to Faisalabad 660 kilovolt transmission lines. 2.3 Public Private Partnership Joint Venture (JV) Company Structure:  40% Shares owned by the Government of Sindh (GoS)  60% Shares owned by Engro Power PROJECT CHARTER Project Name: Engro Coal power plant Version Concept: Elon Musk, 2013 Date: Start date April ,2016 End date June 2019 Client and Sponsor: PPSukuk 1. PROJECT GOALS  To Overcome the energy crises in Pakistan,  to generate electric power from in-country coal resources,  to reduce the country's dependence on imported coal. 2. DELIVERABLES  Remove Energy crises from the country and give easy life with usage of internal resources. 3. SCOPE DEFINITION To overcome the current energy crisis, Pakistan has no other alternative except development of indigenous energy resources.
  • 12. Page # 12 4. PROJECT MILESTONES Project start : 2015 Engineering work start: August 2016 Production completion : 2019 5. ASSUMPTIONS, CONSTRAINTS, FEATURES andRISKS Constraints: stop load shading, build easy life. Assumptions: Engro power plant work with ideal conditions with coal, estimated project cost is 2 billion dollars. Risks and Dependencies: Pressure sensor failure, Natural disasters, Staff mismanagement. 6. Roles and Responsibilities Project Manager  Help the team divide the tasks and resolve issues.  Liaison between clients and team members.  Allocate available resources to maximize group efficiency.  Ensure deliverables are completed by project deadline.  Motivate the team members to perform their tasks. Budget Lead  Develop breakdown of component costs.  Appropriate budget for each component/subsystem  Communicate with Technical Leads to ensure subsystem design specifications are met within financial resources.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure the team is meeting the budget guidelines. Technical Lead #1 (Design)  Develop component designs to satisfy objectives/constraints of project.  Plan and design subsystems of ECPP.  Prioritize relative importance of components and communicate information with Budget Lead.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines. Technical Lead #2 (Testing & Implementation)  Perform calculations on components to satisfy the objectives / constraints of project.  Communicate with Technical Lead#1 by providing numerical details required for implementation.  Perform simulation and software testing.  Communicate with Project Manager to ensure they are meeting project guidelines
  • 13. Page # 13 3. Stakeholders of the Project There are both types of stakeholders internal as well as external. 1. Top Management (president, vice-presidents, directors, division managers). These people direct the strategy and development of the organization, Engro Powergen Limited (EPL). 2. Projectteam (leadership, direction, and support to team members to complete tasks.) The project team is made up of those people dedicated to the project or borrowed on a part-time basis. Project team members have low powers. So, project manager will monitor them. their influence on project is high. 3. Government (Municipal, Provincial, Federal, to International). Project managers of ECPP are working in certain heavily regulated environments (e.g., pharmaceutical, banking, or military industries) will have to deal with government regulators and departments. These can include all or some levels of government from 4. Engineer Engineers are not just involved in the building of technology. Their role is important in every stage of a project. So, their impact on the project is high having high powers, high interest in the project. and China Machinery Engineering Company (CMEC) (35%) 5. Resource Managers project managers are in the position of borrowing resources, other managers control their resources. So their relationships with people are especially important. If we talking about ECPP in which acquire the best staff and the best equipment for their projects is very important. EPTL's majority ordinary shares are owned by Engro Powergen Limited (EPL) (50.1%) 6. Sponsor A sponsor is the person or group who provides supplies and support for the project and is liable for assisting success. owned by Habib Bank Limited (HBL) (9.5%) and Liberty Mills Limited (LML) (5.4%). In addition to ordinary shares, $85mln preference shares are all subscribed by CMEC 7. Customers and users Users of ECPP are whole Pakistani's who are suffer from energy crises and take its advantages directly. 8. Sellers Sellers, also known as vendors, are external companies that enter into a contractual agreement to provide services or resources necessary for the project. 9. Business partners They are external organizations that have a special relationship or partnership with the enterprise. 10. Organizational groups Organizational groups are internal stakeholders who are influenced by the actions of the project team. For example, human resources, marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations, manufacturing, etc.
  • 14. Page # 14 4. Costs and schedule of project Construction begun 2014 Commission date April 10 2019 Completed date 10 July, 2019 Construction cost 1.13 billion USD 5. Risks identifications of project RISKS Details Construction Delays  Government changes,  Technical advancement,  Coverage though insurance of property damage or delayed in the event of machinery break down, floods, earth quakes etc. Imported Coal Risk : (Imported Coal Cheaper than Local Coal) Economic model should ensure that the price of coal is competitive with imported coal and if required may ask for import tax protection in initial years. Payment Risks Long term contracts, with take or pay agreement for off take of Coal incase it is with a public company it will be backed. Conclusions It is to be noted that Thar coalfields contain the world’s 7th largest coal reserves – estimated at 175 Billion Tons, capable to produce 100,000 MW for the next 200 years. Thar lignite is indigenous, abundantly available, and ideally suited to produce electricity giving it distinct advantage over imported coal. Price of Thar Coal is set on a “cost plus” basis and is not linked to international energy price movements, thereby, insulating the end consumer of electricity in Pakistan from the vagaries of international coal price movements. Thar coal also has the advantage of economies of scale, which will result in a progressively lower coal price and predictable electricity price as the mining operation scales up and more power plants are added. Most importantly, utilization of Thar coal for power generation will result in huge foreign exchange savings versus any other imported energy resource.