HyperDB, MySQL Performance, & Flavors of MySQL
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The document discusses HyperDB, which powers the database functionality of WordPress.com. It notes that while HyperDB may seem complex, it is mostly configuration that takes advantage of advanced MySQL features like replication, partitioning, and load balancing. The document provides an overview of these MySQL features and best practices for MySQL performance monitoring, query analysis, and maintenance. It also discusses different MySQL flavors like MariaDB and Percona and tools like Percona Toolkit.
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HyperDB, MySQL Performance, & Flavors of MySQL
- 1. Anthropomorphic Design Making a Better WordPress with Jazz Hands + =
- 3. HyperDB, MySQL Performance, & Flavors of MySQL Evan Volgas
- 4. About me • 10 years working with data — as an analyst, a DBA, etc • Currently a data engineer for WhatRunsWhere • Data Engineer = DBA + Map Reduce + PTSD from Apache Zookeeper • Worked with WordPress off/on for about ~5 years
- 5. Disclaimers I believe • Google exists • You can use it • You don’t enjoy reading a bunch of code and config files in a presentation any more than I do • WordCamp needs more cowbell
- 6. What is HyberDB? • “Very advanced database class” • Powers WordPress.com • Supports replication, partitioning, load balancing, etc
- 7. “Very advanced database class” find 'hyperdb/' -name '*.php' | xargs wc -l • HyperDB: 1,401 lines of PHP • WordPress: 255,961 lines of PHP • Hello Dolly: 81 lines of PHP • Yoast’s Google Analytics 16,174 lines of PHP
- 8. Why’d you have to go and make things so complicated • The complexity of HyperDB has nothing to do with the PHP code itself • Implementing HyperDB itself is mostly configuration • To the extent that HyperDB is advanced, it’s because MySQL has a lot of advanced stuff going on underneath the hood
- 9. Who cares about MySQL? An argument from fellow WordCamp ATL presenter Tom McFarlin* • Employers haven’t fully figured out what WordPress *can* do • WordPress makes it easy to be a software implementer as opposed to a software developer so in a lot of cases salaries probably should be lower • The WordPress community itself hasn’t educated employers, customers, or software implementors how classical software development / engineering can fit into the WordPress ecosystem *https://tommcfarlin.com/wordpress-developer- salary/
- 10. Tell me again why this matters • We don’t need any more social media icons plugin • Many of the things that are really pushing the WordPress envelope are VERY database intensive and their performance needs are poorly understood • There are a million things you can (and should) do to optimize your WordPress website. When those stop being enough, it’d be a good idea to know some DB basics
- 11. HyperDB • For practical extents and purposes, it’s kind of like a giant wp-config.php that pertains to your database • A lot of great resources for setting it up. If you decide you want to try it, make sure you check out https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-optimize-wordpress- performance-with-mysql-replication-on-ubuntu-14-04 http://wpguru.co.uk/2010/07/testing-hyperdb/ http://codertalks.com/configuring-hyperdb-to-use-multiple-databases-for-buddypress- multisite/
- 12. MySQL Lingo + Discussion • Replication • Statement vs Row-based • Master vs Slave • Partitioning • Tends to either really help or really hurt you — very little in between • NB: One of the reasons NoSQL has market adoption is because this is very painful • Latency matters: https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832 • Failover • Load Balancing • DB: HyperDB • Web app: HA Proxy, Nginx, etc
- 13. MySQL Performance Basics • innodb_buffer_pool_size: 70-80% of memory is common • innodb_buffer_pool_instances: if you have a lot of memory, you might run into bottlenecks where multiple threads are trying to access the buffer pool. Splitting it up into multiple buffer pools can help • innodb_file_per_table: if you are using < MySQL 5.6, turn this on. Trust me. • max_connections: if you ever think you need to tweak this, double check that your connections are terminating properly • log_bin: your master nodes needs this • slow-query-log, slow-query-log-file, long_query_time: log your slow queries. Don’t go crazy, but periodically log everything and analyze it
- 14. MySQL Best Practices Monitor everything • New Relic, Datadog, Zabbix, graphite/statsd/collectd • http://www.percona.com/live/mysql-conference- 2013/sites/default/files/slides/percona-live-santa-clara-2013-presentation- spilgames-mysql-statsd.pdf <— Interesting idea Analyze your queries • pt-query-digest, mysqldumpslow, plugins for third party monitoring Learn how to reason about the Query Execution Plan • http://www.sitepoint.com/using-explain-to-write-better-mysql-queries/ Schedule DB maintenance
- 15. Flavors of MySQL • MySQL • MariaDB • https://mariadb.com/blog/how-install-and-run- wordpress-mariadb • Percona: • https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ho w-to-install-a-fresh-percona-server-or-replace-mysql
- 16. Special Mention Percona Toolkit • http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/ pt-query-digest --since '2014-11-01' --filter '$event->{arg} =~ m/^select/i' /var/log/mysql/slow-query.log > /tmp/pt_slow_since_nov2014 Nginx + PHP-FPM • http://www.raspipress.com/2014/06/tutorial-install-wordpress-on-a- raspberry-pi-using-nginx/ Learn from people within WordPress and from outside of it • good example: https://roots.io/twelve-factor-wordpress/