Impact Investment in Mini Hydropower, Indonesia 2013
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The document outlines a business plan for Nusaterang, aimed at powering rural Indonesia through impact investing in mini hydropower projects, leveraging the expertise of IBeka, a leader in community-centered renewable energy development. The initiative seeks to attract $30 million in initial investments to launch five projects while fostering community ownership and sustainable practices, projecting returns of 5.5-6.5% for investors. The plan addresses Indonesia's rural electrification challenges and supports the government's goals for increasing renewable energy in the national energy mix.
![Monitoring and Reporting
Objective: to ensure that social, environmental and financial performance are
measured, compared against company targets and regularly reported. Results will be
discussed and, where necessary, targets adjusted based on internal and external
factors i.e. better-than-expected performance or regulatory changes.
Board of Commissioners, [NusaTerang]
Key topics to be monitored
and reported:
Quarterly basis
• Financial performance
• Community relations
Board of Directors, [NusaTerang]
• Social impact report
Monthly basis
• Resource stewardship
and management
Project
Company
49
Project
Company
Project
Company](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2013-ibeka-businessplan-131203191736-phpapp01/85/Impact-Investment-in-Mini-Hydropower-Indonesia-2013-49-320.jpg)
Impact Investment in Mini Hydropower, Indonesia 2013
- 1. Powering Indonesia’s Rural Development Business Plan for Impact Investing in Mini Hydropower Produced During GIFT’s Global Leaders Programme Hong Kong, West Java & Jakarta, Oct 2013 1
- 2. Table of Contents Section Page 1 Executive Summary 3 – 6 2 Introduction & Background 7 – 13 3 Objectives 14 – 16 4 Business Model 17 – 30 5 Marketing 31 – 39 6 Organisation Structure & Governance 40 – 49 7 Financial Projections 50 – 59 8 Social & Environmental Benefits 60 – 66 9 Implementation Timeline 67 – 68 10 Risks & Mitigation 69 – 72 11 Conclusion 73 – 74 2
- 4. Executive Summary (1) • Indonesia is the world’s 4th most populous nation and is comprised of over 17,000 islands – providing electricity to its 250 million people is a significant challenge. • In 2011 the government committed to increasing the share of renewable energy from 4.3% of primary energy supply in 2005 to 25% in 2025. As of 2010 renewable energy, including hydropower, still made up only 6.9% of the nation’s energy mix. • Independent Power Providers (IPP) in Indonesia are 100% privately owned, rely primarily on coal, and neglect to invest in serving rural communities because of a high perceived risk requiring high returns. • The national grid is expanding and the state power company, PLN, is obliged by law to purchase all small-scale and medium-voltage power produced by IPPs providing a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is in place. PLN has an increasing interest in offering preferential tariff rates to IPPs producing renewable energy and actively engaging the community in the project. • This context presents an opportunity for a new business model which promotes renewable energy, empowers communities through ownership and factors in the true cost of valuable natural resources by paying for their eco-system services. 4
- 5. Executive Summary (2) • This business plan seeks to attract Impact Investment to establish a new company – NusaTerang – which will generate renewable energy that is environmentally sustainable and financially viable in partnership with local communities. • NusaTerang will leverage IBEKA’s experience, expertise and national network of rural communities developed over 20 years and 66 community led small-scale hydropower projects. • NusaTerang will engage local communities during the project period, offering them a stake from day one, with the eventual goal of 100% ownership by the community. • Through community ownership and by paying for eco-system services, NusaTerang will seek to capture premium tariff rates from PLN from sale of power to the grid. • Initial investment of US$30 million will fund five projects totaling 15MW, have a rate of return around 5.5 – 6.5% (base case, no preferential tariff rate), and provide approximately US$500,000 per year to local communities which may be deployed for social and infrastructure projects as desired by the community. 5
- 6. GIFT Global Leaders Programme In October 2013, 22 participants from ten countries and fifteen organisations worked closely with IBEKA to produce this business plan. After a week of classroom sessions in Hong Kong, the group travelled to Jakarta and Mt. Halimun National Park in West Java to meet business leaders, including the President Director of PLN, community representatives from the Kasepuhan Kingdom and IBEKA’s leadership team to gather the insights and data required to develop the unique business model that follows. 6
- 7. 2. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND 7
- 8. Indonesia Overview Country Information Social Capital City: Jakarta Land Area, km2: 1,811,569 Number of Islands: ~17,000 Population(2013): 251,160,124 Population Rank in the world: 4th Unemployment Rate (2012), %: 6.1 Poverty Rate (2012),%: 11.7 Rural Population (2010), % of population: 56 Poverty Rate in Rural (2012), %: 15.12% Economic GDP Rank in the world: 16th GDP Per Capita (2012), US$: 5,000 Service (2012), % of GDP: 38.1 Agriculture (2012), % of GDP: 15.4 GDP (2012), billlion US$: 894.9 GDP Growth (2012), %: 6.2 GDP Per Capita Rank in the World: 157th Industry (2012), % of GDP: 46.5 Home to the world’s third largest middle class, massive economic potential CIA, the World Factbook 2013, http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.htm BPS, Trends of Selected Socio-Economic Indicators of Indonesia, August 2013, http://www.bps.go.id/eng/download_file/booklet_leaflet/Boklet_Agustus_2013.pdf Nielsen: Reaching Indonesia's Middle Class 8
- 9. Indonesia Energy Profile (1) Renewable 5% 2011 Gas 24% Oil 47% Coal 24% Renewable 25% Gas 20% Oil 23% Coal 32% Demand for electricity growing rapidly Indonesia presents significant potential for investments in renewable energy PT PLN (2012), Electricity Power Development in Indonesia Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (2012), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Indonesia 9 2025
- 10. Indonesia Energy Profile (2) The average growth rate of energy consumption is 7% - 9% per year Renewable 7% Gas 20% Oil 48% Coal 25% 2010 New policy encourages renewable energy utilisation in rural areas Public access to energy is still limited especially in rural / remote area Rising demand and shift to renewable energy requires new business models Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (2012), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Indonesia PwC (2011), Electricity in Indonesia-Investments and Taxation Guide 2011 10
- 11. Rural Electrification Challenges (1) Over 70 million Indonesians do not have access to a consistent electricity supply Electrification ratio (2012) Category: >60% 41-50% 20-40% Over 80% live in rural areas and over half live outside of the dominant economic centers Rural electrification is a challenge mainly due to geography and infrastructure PLN (2012), Electricity Power Development in Indonesia The World Bank (2005), Electricity for All: Options for Increasing Access in Indonesia 11
- 12. Rural Electrification Challenges (2) National power provider Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) and large IPPs Scale of Project Not well suited to rural areas with low population due to high capital & operating costs PLN Lack of price flexibility excludes many rural customers Large IPP Small IPP ? Small IPP Often lacking resources and unable to provide track record to build confidence with investors Community involvement Existing providers unable to overcome rural electrification challenges PLN (2012), Electricity Power Development in Indonesia The World Bank (2005), Electricity for All: Options for Increasing Access in Indonesia 12
- 13. IBEKA – The People Centered Economic & Business Institute • Established in 1992, IBEKA is a pioneer and world leader in using small scale hydropower projects to promote sustainable community development and economic empowerment. • Instrumental in shaping Indonesian policy around small-scale renewable energy, their approach has been refined over two decades and 66 community-led hydropower projects. • The organisation received the 2012 Ashden Award for Sustainable development and in 2011 Executive Director Tri Mumpuni was awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay award. Strategic partner with proven track record in small scale hydropower development 13
- 14. 3. OBJECTIVES 14
- 15. Objectives To design a business model to address the gap in rural electrification and by doing so support Indonesia's socioeconomic development To support IBEKA’s mission, reduce its reliance on donors and move to a commercially viable operating model which is attractive to investors To create a renewable energy business that provides returns for investors and local communities and promotes natural resource conservation A new business model, economically viable for rural communities 15
- 16. Approach To create a commercially viable and self-sustaining business platform that will boost investor confidence and attract impact investments, ideally from within Indonesia. To reduce IBEKA’s dependence on donors and grants which limits scalability. To leverage IBEKA’s strengths and allow the new business to provide consistent returns to investors and communities, thus contributing to rural economic and social development. To engage and involve the community throughout the project lifecycle making them stewards of their resources base. To develop a new business model which incorporates the principle of paying the true cost for valuable natural resources and their eco-system services. Empowers communities and conserves ecosystems to achieve sustainable growth 16
- 18. Overview (1) • Given Indonesia’s projected growth, the increasing demand for electricity and the government’s commitment to increasing renewable energy production, particularly in rural areas, there is clearly a opportunity for investments in this sector. • IBEKA has the national network and technical expertise to execute mini hydropower projects in partnership with local communities, but is constrained by its dependence on donors and grants. • It is proposed to establish a new holding company to both meet this need and take advantage of the opportunity. • The analysis shows that this company will require initial capital of US$30 million to launch five rural mini hydropower projects totaling 15MW, two of which are ready for launch. • US$30 million will provide investors an 80 per cent stake in the holding company. Capital is expected to come from individual, institutional or impact investors who have an interest in including in their portfolio projects that address social and environmental issues whilst providing reasonable financial returns. • Based on their pipeline of projects and community and government relationships, IBEKA will receive a 20 per cent stake in the holding company. 18
- 19. Overview (2) • The holding company which will be established in Indonesia as a Private Company Limited (PT) under Law 40/2007, will provide 100 per cent of the CAPEX required to launch mini hydropower projects and also receive an 80 per cent equity stake in standalone Project Companies. • Community cooperatives will receive a 20 per cent stake in these Project Companies in exchange for acting as stewards of the catchment area and providing labor for construction, operations and maintenance of the plants. • A unique element of this business model is the fact that it will conserve valuable natural resources by paying for their eco-system services – this, along with community ownership makes it possible to capture a premium tariff rate for sale of power to the national grid. • The holding company expects to provide investors with a minimum 5.5 – 6.5 per cent return p.a. and will transfer ownership of individual Project Companies to local communities over time. New Holding Company – US$30 million initial funding 19
- 20. Introducing NusaTerang NUSATERANG POWERING INDONESIA’S RURAL DEVELOPMENT One translation of NusaTerang is Lighting the Homeland 20
- 21. A Financially Viable Social Business NusaTerang will generate financial, social and environmental returns to benefit local communities, investors and Indonesia as a whole. Investors IBEKA NUSATERANG Community Co-Op Project Company 1 Community Co-Op Project Company 2 has ownership stakes in multiple projects that are fully funded by the company’s equity investments Community Co-Op Project Company 3 Community Co-Op Project Company 4 Community Co-Op Project Company 5 NusaTerang & IBEKA partnership ensures community is actively engaged 21
- 22. NusaTerang/IBEKA Project Model NusaTerang will develop renewable energy projects in five phases, leveraging IBEKA’s proven strength in community development through small scale hydropower. NusaTerang/ IBEKA project model Phase 1 Community Development (IBEKA) Phase 2 ProjectCo & Concession setup (ProjectCo+IBEKA) Phase 3 Construction (ProjectCo+IBEKA) Phase 4 Operation & Maintenance (ProjectCo+IBEKA) Phase 5 100% Community Ownership (ProjectCo+IBEKA) Community ownership Private + community ownership The traditional IPP project model Phase 1 Project preparation Phase 2 Construction Phase 3 Operation & Maintenance Local community as a key stakeholder who will eventually own project 100% private ownership New model provides better social & financial return to local communities 22
- 23. Phase One: Community Development Through 66 projects over 20 years, IBEKA has developed a structured, proven approach for building consensus with local communities around developing renewable energy projects. Reconnaissance Phase Consolidation Phase Organisational Phase • Avg. 3 months • Rural appraisal • Data collection • Needs assessment • Avg. 9 months • Detailed site mapping • Questionnaire survey • Avg. 6 months • Identify issues • Matrix ranking • Problem analysis: “objective tree” • Reach consensus on development agenda Community Development – The IBEKA Way Consensus among local community to form JV ProjectCo with NusaTerang includes concession arrangement for Written commitment mini-hydro power development from community on resource conservation Self-reliant Phase • Establish local co-op • Reach consensus on co-op mgmt guidelines • Decide on form of local contribution to project • Monitoring and evaluation mechanism Benefits from Day 1 Social consensus & active community involvement + Risk to vital water resource mitigated IBEKA’s community development expertise reduces risk and ensures social impact 23
- 24. Phase Two: ProjectCo & Concession Phase two facilitates equity stake for the community and the assurance of 100% community ownership over time. It also places a value on the eco-system services of water and forest resources. The community will be represented by a local cooperative, many of which have already been established in communities where IBEKA has existing projects. Example: US$5m Project NusaTerang Cash US$4m 80% US$1m “in-kind” from community includes: ProjectCo Cash US$4m In-kind $1m Community Co-Op In-kind $1m 20% Concession on land and valuable water resources Labour during construction Operation and maintenance Preservation of catchment area i.e. through tree planting, efficient irrigation, etc. Community stake through “sweat equity” & pricing of eco-system services 24
- 25. Phase Three: Construction ProjectCo will use strategic partners to ensure social & environmental benefits and actively involve local communities during the construction of the project. Key Partner and Project Manager Professional service Community involvement Mechanical/Electrical Installation Civil construction • Turbine manufacturer • Skilled workers required in mini-hydro construction • Local community involvement in non-skilled work - e.g. transportation of construction materials, brick layers • Controller manufacturer • Generator and switch Construction phase boosts local employment and sense of community ownership 25
- 26. Phase Four: Operation & Maintenance ProjectCo will work with domestic and international strategic partners to conduct programs which enable knowledge transfer and community capability development. Focus areas for developing capabilities within the local communities will include: • Civil works maintenance; • Preservation of catchment area; • Management and accounting; • Hydro power generator operation; • Hydro power generator maintenance. 26
- 27. Phase Five: Community Ownership 100% community ownership will be realised at the end of the agreed concession period. In preparation for Phase five, the ProjectCo / IBEKA will work with the local community and NusaTerang to renew consensus on the local socioeconomic development agenda in areas including: • Education • Healthcare • Sanitation • Infrastructure • Local economic activity i.e. agriculture, food processing, eco-tourism, etc. The IBEKA Way of community consensus building could be used, using tools as simple as pens and paper, to help the local community to re-align priority areas for social development. Community ownership displays NusaTerang’s commitment to social impact 27
- 28. NusaTerang Project Pipeline NusaTerang and IBEKA will on inception have a pipeline of projects Ponggang (West Java) Cipining 1 (West Java) Perean (South Sumatera) (South Sumatera) Saluhau (West Sulawesi) Capacity 2.8 MW 1.5 MW 6.3 MW 1.2 MW 3.0 MW Investment value US$5.5 million US$2.6 million Tbc Tbc Tbc Fund availability US$1.4 million, soft loan, 5% p.a None None None None Social devt % 100% 80% 10% 10% 10% Feasibility study & tech documentation 100% 80% 50% 0% 0% Financial modeling 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% Development phase Ready Ready Work in progress Work in progress Work in progress Ready for launch Existing pipeline Strong pipeline means financial sustainability can be achieved rapidly 28
- 29. NusaTerang will Support IBEKA’s Mission Increased capacity within IBEKA • More hydropower projects may be developed in parallel Community development work • Makes up approx. 70% of total project timeframe NusaTerang will support IBEKA to scale-up its community development capacity and transfer its skills and experience to its key partners through an IBEKA Training Centre. NusaTerang R&D Center Corporate Sponsorship Community Contribution from Community Fund Training Centre Appropriate renewable energy solutions for Indonesian communities Trained community workers for IBEKA and other NGOs Scaling-up community development efforts feeds into NusaTerang’s project pipeline 29
- 30. Business Growth Plan NusaTerang has strong projected growth, starting with hydropower but gradually incorporating other renewable energy sources into its portfolio. (Mega Watt=MW) 60 Type 50 Indonesia's Investment Available Cost Potential Ops Cost Time frame Immediate Mini hydro 0.3GW High Low Wind 0.99GW Med Med 10 Geo thermal 26.8GW High High 0 Solar - Med Med Long term Biomass 49.5GW Low High Long term 40 30 20 Mid term (3-5 years) Long term (5-10 years) 3 4 18 8 9 22 11 12 13 14 15 29 30 31 19 20 Year 1152 16 17 5 6197 20 21 10 23 24 25 26 27 2816 17 18 32 33 Ponggang Cipining 1 Saluhau South Sumatera Perean New Prj NusaTerang has an ambitious but realistic growth plan in the mid to long-term Source: DIFFER Group, The Indonesian electricity system – a brief of overview, 2012 30
- 31. 5. MARKETING 31
- 32. NusaTerang is Uniquely Positioned Current IPP NusaTerang Financing One-off, stand-alone investments. Costly and time consuming to identify new project opportunities Provides platform for accumulation of knowledge and expertise in developing future projects Sustainability True cost of eco-system services not paid, no assurance of conservation to maintain quality of river inflows Lower risk, eco-system services paid for and communities actively involved in protecting catchment area. Community Higher risk of interruption and disputes over land use/revenues due to minimal community involvement Lower risk as the projects are coowned and developed with the local community providing various benefits Stakeholders Purely commercial, transactional relationships between public, private and civil sector stakeholders IBEKA as founding shareholder brings strong relationships with communities and public sector players like PLN Standard feed-in tariff Potential for premium tariff from PLN in view of community involvement and resource conservation/management Feed-in Tariff NusaTerang’s unique positioning will be attractive to all investors 32
- 33. NusaTerang Brand Identity NUSATERANG POWERING INDONESIA’S RURAL DEVELOPMENT The holding company name NusaTerang combines the Bahasa Indonesia words “Nusantara” and “Terang” which mean “Archipelago” or “Homeland” and “Bright” or “Light” respectively. Mission of the company: To generate renewable energy that is environmentally sustainable and financially viable in partnership with local communities 33
- 34. Unique Value Proposition NusaTerang’s approach of PRICING ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES to include community as a shareholder and ensure catchment areas are protected over project lifespan is unique in Indonesia and should be communicated as a key differentiator. Traditional Approach NusaTerang Approach Cost of natural resource not included in pricing and is relegated to an externality, thereby eroding it over time to the community’s detriment Conservation and replenishment of natural resources is rewarded and achieved via community stake and active engagement Economic viability of energy provision at the expense of valuable natural resources, tariffs not reflecting true costs Economic viability strengthened by premium feed-in-tariff to national grid to reward community engagement and conservation efforts Groundbreaking approach to achieving financial sustainability, community empowerment and resource conservation 34
- 35. Nusa Terang’s Project “Eco-System” The river is the bloodline of the forest Community operates the power plant Community preserves the forest Community involved in project construction Community enjoys economic benefit Community and environment integral to NusaTerang’s approach 35
- 36. Marketing Strategy Target Key Audience Market Positioning • A pipeline of projects – two ready for launch, many in the pipeline - Key partners • - Financial viability Leverages IBEKA’s track record of community development and small-scale hydro development • Potential for preferential tariff from PLN • Energy demand in rural communities growing, electricity is also key to social stability • Offers communities equity stake from day one leading to full ownership over time • Revenues deployed for local development and knowledge transfer through O&M of plants • Communities incentivised to conserve valuable natural resources in and around catchment area • Investors Livelihoods improved, reduced risk of displacement - Scalability Communities - Ownership - Development - Conservation NusaTerang offers communities and investors compelling reasons to engage 36
- 37. Target Investors Type of Investor Value That NusaTerang Offers Why Identified? • Project and outcomes meet mandate of impact investment funds • Impact Investment Funds • Base case IRR of 5.5 - 6.5% aligned with expected lower risk of projects • Angel Investors • Measurable social and environmental impacts • Socially oriented angel and individual investors natural fit with NusaTerang’s mission • Commercial Banks • Machinery and potentially revenues (after first 1-2 projects) as collateral • Supports scalable funding platform that NusaTerang provides to accelerate pipeline development • MNCs • CSR or venture philanthropy opportunity that provides social, environmental and financial returns • Individuals • Many MNCs looking to move beyond conventional CSR (charity) • Potentially tap into MNCs’ vast inhouse expertise Exit Strategy • IPO • Buy-back agreement • Private placement • Loan Repayment • Buy back agreement NusaTerang’s business model appeals to many categories of investors 37
- 38. Investor Communication Strategy NusaTerang will attract investors by highlighting key elements of its groundbreaking business model, all of which lead to lower risks and a reasonable base case return. Healthy project pipeline IBEKA’s network Potential to secure premium feed-in tariff from PLN Among first business models in Indonesia to pay for the cost of ecosystem services Able to leverage track record and relationships of IBEKA Community ownership Impact investment forums NusaTerang’s Website Sector specific magazine Environmental conservation Communication Channels IPP forums Renewable energy forums Aligned to government's rural development and renewable energy plans 38 GIFT network
- 39. Community Communication Strategy IBEKA’s reputation, experience and proven track record makes them the ideal partner to lead communication efforts among local communities Key benefits to be communicated: • Economic - Employment opportunities - Consistent power supply can increase local economic activity • Social - Community fund can channel a portion of revenues towards local education, healthcare and infrastructure projects (roads, housing, sanitation, etc) • Environmental - Business model and “in-kind” contribution encourages stewardship of water and forest resources 39
- 40. 6. ORG. STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE 40
- 41. Key Challenges that Shape Governance Balancing financial viability and stakeholder interests while ensuring social and environmental impact are key governance challenges for NusaTerang. Governance challenges include: • Following established governance standards to ensure NusaTerang is run professionally and achieves financially sustainability • Ensuring key personnel lead and undertake the company’s core activities and that there is appropriate oversight of the senior management team • Including the community in all projects – transferring know-how, technology and subsequently 100% ownership of the subsidiary Project Companies • Identifying potential projects that meet social impact requirements whilst providing return to investors • Ensuring continuous operation of the business over time with community involvement • Ensuring that the community enjoys the rewards of its participation in the project and uses the revenues in accordance with agreements • Factoring in true costs of natural resources and environmental conservation in all prjects A system of checks and balances is required to boost stakeholder confidence and maintain integrity of the Unique Value Proposition 41
- 42. Key Stakeholders Provides projects & strong community relationships Aligned with social objectives 20% shareholding in NusaTerang - “sweat equity” 80% shareholding in NusaTerang Investors Communities Stewards of catchment area & involved in O&M IBEKA PLN subsidiaries Initial 20% shareholding in ProjectCos – 100% ownership over time Technical advisor with government relationship No shareholding in NusaTerang Use returns for community projects 42
- 43. Stakeholder Interests in NusaTerang ROI ● Transparency ● Accountability ● Strong relationship with community Investor • Expansion of • • national grid Increased capacity Serve rural communities • Community Investors PLN NusaTerang IBEKA • • development Environmental protection Government relations and negotiations Community Empowerment ● Development ● Consistent electricity supply ● Resource protection 43
- 44. Governance Framework NusaTerang will rely on a robust governance framework to provide oversight, ensure compliance with local laws and regulations and meet the social, environmental and financial aspirations of the company's shareholders and stakeholders. Transparency, Accountability, Integrity , Consistency & Compliance This diagram represents the core governance principles of NusaTerang and it’s associated pillars. Legal Framework Org. Structure 44 Decision Making Process Monitoring & Reporting
- 45. NusaTerang Legal Framework and Org Structure Shareholders Investors : 80% IBEKA::20% Private Company Limited (PT) Law 40/2007 • PT structure offers flexibility to support further growth, i.e. o Diversification of business o Transfer of ownership between shareholders through conditional share purchase agreement (CSPA). Suggested Board of Commissioners (6) Voting Right (%) IBEKA 30 Investors (2) 60 Indonesian Business Executive (1) N/A PLN Subsidiaries (1) 10 Legal Expert (Secretary) (1) N/A Board of Directors CEO/CFO/COO/IBEKA/Independent • PT structure means risks and liabilities associated with one ProjectCo will not impact other ProjectCos. Project Management Mgmt Team CEO / CFO/ COO Finance & Investment Administration & Marketing 45 Community relations and impact assessment
- 46. ProjectCo Legal Framework and Org Structure Private Company Limited (PT) Law 40/2007 • Proposed structure applicable to all ProjectCos. • Community Cooperatives have been identified as the most suitable structure for local ownership and established in the execution of many IBEKA projects Shareholders NusaTerang : 80% Community Cooperative:20% • • Board of Commissioners (4) Voting Right (%) NusaTerang Representative 60 IBEKA 10 Community Cooperative 30 Legal Expert (Secretary) N/A Ownership of the project will be transferred to Community Cooperative after agreed concession period. Board of Directors Sr. Project Manager / Engineer The structure promotes community capacity building through knowledge and ownership transfer over the project lifespan. Technical & Project Finance & Administration Operation 46 Community liaison
- 47. Community Co-Op Legal Framework and Org Structure Cooperative Law 17/2012 • Community will form a legal entity that has an equity stake in ProjectCo, reducing the risk of disruptions or disputes through sense of ownership and shared financial benefits. Members of Community Election 1 Vote 1 Person Advisory Board • The community co-op will receive dividends which may be deployed for local development projects. • Co-op will assume ownership and management responsibilities of ProjectCo after agreed concession period ends. * Minimum 20 people Made up of elected members of the cooperative Monitoring & Audit Manager 1. Chairman 2. Secretary 3. Treasury 47
- 48. Decision Making Process - Example: Project Selection NusaTerang’s decision making process for key decisions, such as project selection, must meet investors expectations in terms of due diligence while also meeting stakeholders expectations with regard to social and environmental impact. “Transparency on investment” ProjectCo • Submit project feasibility study & time line • Social & environmental program • Discuss & review • If approved by BOC, propose to NusaTerang. Community Co-op / IBEKA • Establish project KPIs • Approval by BOD • Monitor project progress NusaTerang “Community engagement & ownership” 48
- 49. Monitoring and Reporting Objective: to ensure that social, environmental and financial performance are measured, compared against company targets and regularly reported. Results will be discussed and, where necessary, targets adjusted based on internal and external factors i.e. better-than-expected performance or regulatory changes. Board of Commissioners, [NusaTerang] Key topics to be monitored and reported: Quarterly basis • Financial performance • Community relations Board of Directors, [NusaTerang] • Social impact report Monthly basis • Resource stewardship and management Project Company 49 Project Company Project Company
- 51. Overview of Financial Projections • A 2MW project has been modeled to illustrate the economics of mini hydropower in rural Indonesia. • A 2MW mini hydro owned 100% by the developer costs US$4m and gives a project return of 9-10% p.a. • NusaTerang will use a business model of joint ownership with the community. The community’s ownership stake is funded ‘in-kind’. This results in NusaTerang funding 100% of the cash CAPEX and receiving returns on its equity stake via dividend payment. • The model shows that NusaTerang can expect a 6-7% p.a. return from a project and, after factoring in corporate overheads, and can expect to give investors a 5.5 – 6.5% p.a. return (base case, no preferential tariff rate). 51
- 52. Project Level Discounted Cashflow Valuation Drivers Capacity Volume Capacity Factor Revenue Tariff Operating Cashflow Opex Community Investor Labor Overhauls Maintenance ProjectCo Tax Revenue Scheme Capex Feasibility Study ProjectCo Construction Project returns are driven primarily by capital costs, capacity factor and tariffs 52
- 53. Financial Highlights In this section, key financial highlights will be presented as follows: I. ProjectCo P&L Projection II. ProjectCo Cashflow Profile III. ProjectCo Return to Investor and Community IV. ProjectCo Scenario Test: Base Case vs High Case V. NusaTerang Cashflow Projection 53
- 54. Key Parameters and Methodology Capital Expenditure • CAPEX is estimated at US$2M/MW split into: – Feasibility Study: 5% of the project cost – Construction: • Mechanical and Electricity construction: 40% of the project cost • Civil construction: 50% of the project cost • Community activities: 5% of the project cost Revenue • Base-case Tariff: A flat tariff from PLN of Rp 656/kWh • Upside Tariff: Tariff increased by 25%. PLN has indicated they would be willing to offer a premium Tariff for sale to the grid for renewable energy projects which actively involve local communities in both operations and resource conservation 54
- 55. ProjectCo P&L Projection (Illustrative 2MW Project) After paying the initial CAPEX, the ProjectCo will be able to sustain its profitability at an approximate > US$250,000 profit per year for a 2MW project. 55
- 56. ProjectCo Cashflow Profile (Illustrative 2MW Project) in USD'k ProjectCo Yearly Cashflow Projection 1,500 1,000 CAPEX Tax 500 Overhauls 0 FixedO&M -500 Revenue -1,000 -1,500 -2,000 -3,000 Construction -2,500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Year The ProjectCo will start to accumulate net return from the 2nd year of operation onwards. Mini hydro is capital intensive but has high cash earnings after construction 56
- 57. Returns to Investor and Community • • • • NusaTerang contributes capital and receives an 80% ownership stake in this example The local community contributes its capital ‘in-kind’ and receives a 20% stake, resulting in the community paying no upfront capital but receiving ~US$100k per annum The community will have full ownership in year 20 NusaTerang will recoup its initial investment in year 9 Investors pay 100% of the cash capital and receive 80% of the dividends 57
- 58. ProjectCo Scenario Test: Base-Case vs Upside-Case in USD'k ProjectCo Scenario Test 1,500 1,000 500 0 -500 -1,000 -1,500 -2,000 -3,000 Construction -2,500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Base Case 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Year Upside Case Assuming that the feed-in tariff is upgraded by 25% to be Rp 820/kWh, the cashflow will improve by 60% in average during the 20 year operation There is significant upside potential if a higher tariff can be negotiated with PLN 58
- 59. NusaTerang Cashflow Projections in USD'k NusaTerang Yearly Cashflow Projection 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 -2,000 -4,000 -6,000 -8,000 -10,000 -12,000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 Project Distributions Project CAPEX NewCo Costs Net Cash Flow NusaTerang’s projects pipeline comprises of 5 projects, i.e. Ponggang, Cipining, Perean, Saluhau, and South Sumatera with a total electricity output of 15MW NusaTerang presents an attractive opportunity for “patient capital” investors 59
- 60. 8. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 60
- 61. Community Benefits of NusaTerang Business Model Community Benefits Environmental Benefits Measuring Impacts Area Example Employment During the feasibility study, construction and operation of the hydropower plants. Post-construction, regular electricity will create economic activity and employment Increased income Community ownership means a share of the dividends from selling power. Vocational training Over time, members of the community will be trained in the operations, maintenance and administration of the power plants. Infrastructure Revenues may be deployed for infrastructure projects such as new roads to improve accessibility. Welfare programmes Revenues may also be channeled towards new schools, clinics or communal food or livestock storage. Consistent power supply Even grid connected villages today have to deal with regular brown outs and black outs. This will be significantly improved. Community cohesion Sense of communal ownership and reduction in rural to urban migration for employment opportunities 61
- 62. Impacts of Access to Consistent Electricity Supply Before Light Candle , kerosene lamp or torch Safety Dangerous to travel at night After Electric lighting Increased security Productivity Limited to day time using manual tools Day or night , can utilise electrical tools Education Studying during day or with illumination from candles or kerosene Study during day or night with suitable lighting Health Community Dry eyes and respiratory disorders Residents seek employment in urban centres 62 Better illumination & ventilation People incentivized to stay with families as economic situation improves
- 63. Environmental Benefits of NusaTerang Business Model Community Benefits Environmental Benefits Measuring Impacts Area Example Reduced CO2 emissions Less coal or oil burnt for electricity generation by PLN or IPPS, and reduction in amount of kerosene and diesel burnt for lighting or heat by rural communities. Conservation Reducing deforestation by the community for fuel or to sell wood for additional income. Local stewardship Community “in-kind” contribution puts value on natural resources (forests and water ways) and includes commitment to protect local environment. Water management More value placed on water resources thus they are managed better with regard to the hydropower plant and irrigation for agriculture. Flood control Small-scale hydropower can contribute to flood control efforts during rainy season or unpredictable storms. Filtering waste Rakes preceding turbines collect waste which can be safely removed from waterways. 63
- 64. Measuring Impacts of NusaTerang Business Model Community Benefits Environmental Benefits • Currently, several methodologies can be applied to assess Social and Environmental benefits from Impact Investments – for example: – – – – – PRI (Principles for Responsible Investment) SROI (Social Return on Investment) IRIS (Impact Reporting and Investment Standard) GIIRS (Global Impact Investing Rating System) BACO (Best Alternative Charitable Option) • NusaTerang will develop a specific set of measurement tools to measure the impacts of it’s operations on the community and environment. • These tools, whilst referencing international standards, will have to be tailored to meet local needs and at the same time, satisfy investors 64 Measuring Impacts
- 65. Quantitative Measurement Example Input Output Short-term Outcomes for community (Year 1) Long-term Impacts (Year 2 – 20) Direct Income from sale of power (Year1) - Capital investment Electricity (15,750 For Mini Hydro MW/year) (USD 4.0M) Construction Job USD 0.2M at hydro plant Income from sale of power (Year2-20) O&M Job at hydro plant Investors USD 6.7M Community USD 1.7M Total USD 8.4M USD 1.1M Indirect New SME business e.g. eco-tourism / vehicle maintenance workshop Healthcare improvement e.g. building local hospital Education improvement USD 4.0M USD 0.2M 65 USD 0.5M USD 0.3M USD 0.7M USD 11.0 M
- 66. Qualitative Measurement Example Low Medium High Households only receive limited power (<100 Watt) which is not stable (on and off) The electricity received is stable but the amount of power is still limited (100 -200 Watt) The electricity received is stable, households can access as much power as needed No permanent clinic. Nurse / health practitioner rarely visits the village Permanent clinic but the nurse / health practitioner only visits once per month/week Permanent clinic with doctor / health practitioner available at least twice per week Education No school, children must travel significant distance to school or opt out of education Permanent school but only up to a certain level (Primary, Jr. High) Permanent school up to at least Jr. High Sanitation Inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water supply Communal latrines and stable communal clean water supply Household latrines and household clean water supply Electricity Health Care 66
- 68. Implementation Plan Set up (-1yr) Phase one (1-3 yrs) Phase two (3-5 yrs) Tranche 1 equity raising Incorporation of NusaTerang & hiring of management team (6-9 mths) Establishment of governance framework for BOD, shareholders agreement, etc. (3-6 mths) Key Activities Transfer of immediate project pipeline to NusaTerang ( on month 6) Negotiation & finalisation of PPA with PLN (3-6 mths) Commercial operations date for projects 1 & 2 Community cooperatives secure dividend (end of Year 2 onwards) Resource conservation efforts in line with PPA terms (Year 2 onwards) Commercial operations date for projects 3, 4, 5 Commercial ops for project 6 & onwards Reconnaissance, community engagement, consensus-building for projects 3, 4, 5 Setup of IBEKA training center (6 – 12 mths) Knowledge transfer on O&M of power plants (Year 1 onwards) 68
- 69. 10. RISKS & MITIGATION 69
- 70. Business Model Risk Matrix No High 2 Medium 1 4 4 5 5 6 6 Low Medium High LIKELIHOOD Poor execution of the project 4 Lack of community support for the project 5 1 Reduced water inflow due to deforestation 3 2 Inability to identify new projects 2 3 Low RISK IMPACT 1 Lack of access to funding 6 3 Key Risks Limited manpower for company expansion NusaTerang Model Current IPP Model NusaTerang’s socially and environmentally oriented business model reduces key risks 70
- 71. Risk Mitigation (1) No Risk 1 Inability to identify & explore new projects Potential Cause • Likelihood Impact Mitigation from NusaTerang Business Model 2 Reduced water inflow due to deforestation Local community/ external parties clear land for use • Local community harvest trees for use as fuel or to sell • 3 Poor execution of the project • Inadequate supervision of the construction L No buy-in from the local community 71 • Electricity can be used for lighting and to heat water Selling power generates income for community IBEKA has a track-record of executing small-scale hydro power working side-by-side with the local community • L Pricing eco-system services and offering community a stake in exchange for stewardship of catchment areas • L IBEKA has a healthy project pipeline and a presence and experience across the country • • • • Lack of information on or access to potential project locations Community co-owns the project and will enjoy full ownership over time H H H
- 72. Risk Mitigation (2) No Risk Potential Cause • 4 Lack of community support to the project Community unable to reach consensus and form co-op • Likelihood Inadequate communication around benefits of the project Impact Mitigation from NusaTerang Business Model • L M • Community Co-ops already present in some project locations IBEKA has proven methodology for building community consensus • • 5 6 Lack of access to funding Limited manpower for company expansion • • • M Lack of specialists willing to work in rural communities L 72 Early project cashflow stream will help to cover the new project Capex needs • Difficult to attract new investors Unique business model and potential for premium tariff attractive to investors • Seeking funding on a per-project basis Aims to secure funding for five projects in round one IBEKA has strong relationships with engineering schools in Indonesia and international engineering partners H L
- 74. Conclusion • Current energy production business models do not result in investments in rural mini hydro schemes due to the small-scale nature of the projects, high perceived project risk and the difficulty of identifying and developing new projects. • The proposed NusaTerang business model overcomes these barriers by partnering with IBEKA and communities. This model lowers the project risk to the investor and creates an asset that will eventually be 100% community owned. • The concept of pricing in eco-system services and offering the community a stake from day one in exchange for resource stewardship of catchment areas has massive potential to change the landscape of energy investments in Indonesia. • NusaTerang expects that a premium tariff for sales to the grid can be negotiated with PLN based on co-ownership with the community and this offers a groundbreaking approach to the pricing and conservation of valuable natural resources. • NusaTerang is offering investors the opportunity to invest $30m Tranche 1 equity raising. This equity raising will fund its current pipeline of mini-hydro (5 projects; 15MW) and targets a 56% return to investors (base case) while enabling community ownership and environmental conservation. 74
- 75. Contact Information If you or your organisation are interested in being a part of NusaTerang – as an investor or strategic partner – please contact: • IBEKA Tri Mumpuni, Executive Director [email protected] +62 812 8044 295 • GIFT Karim Rushdy, Head of Programmes [email protected] +852 3571 8134 75