Advanced and innovative features of DDR4 designs enable high speed operation and broad applicability in a variety including servers, laptops, desktop PCs and consumer products. It aims at simplifying migration and enabling adoption of an industry-wide standard.
IDT DDR4 RCD register and DB data buffer enable RDIMM and LRDIMM to faster speeds and deeper memories. This video helps you understand the DDR4 feature enhancements of IDT's DDR4 RCD and DB compared to earlier DDR3 technology. An introduction into some available LeCroy testing and debug tools completes the video. Presented by Douglas Malech, Product Marketing Manager at IDT and Mike Micheletti, Product Manager at Teledyne LeCroy. To learn more about IDT's leading portfolio of memory interface products, visit www.idt.com/go/MIP.
Computer memory, also known as RAM, is temporary storage that allows the computer to perform tasks by holding instructions and data in an easily accessible location. There are two main types of computer memory: volatile and non-volatile. Volatile memory, like RAM, loses its contents when power is removed while non-volatile types like ROM retain data without power. Over time, RAM technologies have evolved from SIMMs to DIMMs and SDRAM to DDR, DDR2, and DDR3, with each generation offering faster speeds and higher capacities. Proper identification and installation of the correct RAM type is important for system functionality and performance.
This document provides an overview of the DRAM module market and discusses various module configurations for different applications. It describes the transition from DDR1 to DDR2 and upcoming shift to DDR3. Key markets discussed include personal computers, servers, networking equipment, and peripherals. For servers, it notes ongoing debate around using fully buffered DIMMs (FB-DIMMs) versus registered DIMMs (RDIMMs). New module formats like mini-RDIMMs and 72b SO-RDIMMs are presented as solutions for networking routers and other embedded applications.
This document discusses different types of RAM. It begins by introducing RAM as random access memory that can be accessed in any order and location. The two main types are static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). SRAM is more expensive but has very low access times, while DRAM is lower cost but needs periodic refreshing. The document then describes different variants of DRAM over time that provide faster access, including FPM, EDO, SDRAM, DDR, DDR2 and RDRAM.
The document describes the specifications and operations of Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM memory. It details features like double data rate architecture, burst lengths, CAS latencies, commands like read, write, refresh, and initialization procedures. It provides timing diagrams for different memory operations.
This document provides an overview of DRAM circuit and architecture basics. It discusses topics such as DRAM cell components, access protocols including row and column access, sense amplifiers, and address decoding. It also covers DRAM speed characteristics such as RCD, CAS latency, and row cycle time. The document traces the evolution of DRAM through technologies like FPM, EDO, SDRAM, and describes how each aimed to improve throughput and latency.
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR3 SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR3 SDRAM, is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface, and has been in use since 2007. It is the higher-speed successor to DDR and DDR2 and predecessor to DDR4 synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) chips. DDR3 SDRAM is neither forward nor backward compatible with any earlier type of random-access memory (RAM) because of different signaling voltages, timings, and other factors.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
The document discusses several key concepts related to computer memory systems:
1. It describes the maximum size and organization of main memory, including byte-addressability and the connection between the CPU and memory.
2. It discusses measures of memory speed like access time and cycle time, and techniques to increase effective memory size and speed like cache memory and virtual memory.
3. It provides details on the basic organization and operation of different types of semiconductor memories like SRAM, DRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, and flash memory.
Web cast-a day-in_the_life_of_a_hsd_nov_5th_2012_final_al_hamdu_ll_allah__hsd...Hany Fahmy
Hany Fahmy is a memory architect who gave a workshop presentation on high-speed digital systems. He discussed how increased data rates in technologies like DDR3 and DDR4 pose challenges for signal integrity due to effects like crosstalk and impedance discontinuities. Hany presented techniques for optimizing memory channel routing using frequency domain analysis to minimize these issues and evaluate performance based on simulations and lab correlations.
DDR - SDRAMs are classified into different types including SDRAM, DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4. SDRAM synchronizes itself with the CPU timing to allow for faster memory access. DDR1 allows for higher transfer rates through double pumping of the data bus. DDR2 further increases speeds through lower power usage and internal clock running at half the external clock rate. DDR3 and DDR4 continue to improve speeds and bandwidth through higher data transfer rates and lower voltage requirements. Each new generation is not compatible with previous types due to changes in signaling and interfaces.
This document defines and categorizes different types of computer memory. It discusses the key differences between volatile and non-volatile memory, primary and secondary memory, ROM and RW memory, and random access versus sequential access memory. It also covers different memory technologies like RAM, ROM, cache memory, and how memory can be classified based on the underlying storage media.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is a type of temporary storage that does not permanently store data. There are two main types of RAM: static RAM which retains data without needing to be refreshed, and dynamic RAM which needs constant refreshing. The document then outlines the evolution of different types of RAM over time including FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDR RAM, RDRAM, DDR RAM, DDR2 RAM, DDR3 RAM, and DDR4 RAM, with each new generation providing increased speeds, capacities, and efficiencies over previous versions.
This presentation discusses Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and its types. It begins by explaining what RAM is and how it provides faster access for the CPU than the hard disk. It then covers that DRAM is the main memory in computers and must be refreshed periodically to prevent data loss. The main types of DRAM discussed are SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, and DRAM memory modules. Specific details are provided about the features and operation of each DRAM type. Major memory manufacturers are also listed.
The document describes the memory hierarchy in computers from fastest to slowest: CPU caches (L1, L2, L3), main memory (RAM), virtual memory, and permanent storage (hard disks). L1 cache is built into the CPU and holds frequently used data for very fast access. Main memory (RAM) is where operating systems and active programs are run but is slower than cache. Virtual memory manages RAM use through disk storage. Permanent storage on disks retains data even when powered off but is the slowest to access.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and can be accessed in a non-sequential order. There are two main forms of RAM: SRAM and DRAM. SRAM is static and holds its data without needing to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in different speeds and sizes, with examples being DIMM, SO-DIMM, and DDR memory sticks. Computer memory has a big effect on system performance.
RAM (random access memory) is a type of volatile memory that can be accessed randomly and stores recently used data and instructions to allow for fast access by the CPU. It consists of small electronic chips mounted on modules that are installed in sockets on the motherboard. Different types of RAM have been developed over time with improved speeds, including DRAM, FPM, EDO, SDRAM, DDR RAM, and Rambus RAM, with later varieties operating at higher clock frequencies in a synchronous manner with the system bus. RAM modules come in various sizes and speeds depending on the memory technology.
The document traces the evolution of computer memory from early vacuum tubes to modern RAM standards. It begins with vacuum tubes and the creation of transistors by Bell Labs. Transistors became the core component of memory, starting with simple latches that could store 1 bit. Dynamic RAM uses transistors and capacitors to store data, while static RAM uses an arrangement of transistors. Standards progressed from SDRAM, which transferred data on clock edges, to DDR RAM which doubled this by transferring data on both the positive and negative clock edges. Later standards like DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 continued to increase bandwidth and clock rates.
The document discusses various types of computer memory technologies, including RAM types like DRAM, SRAM, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3. It explains the memory hierarchy from registers to cache to main memory to disks. Key points covered include how DRAM works using capacitors that must be periodically refreshed, advantages of SDRAM over regular DRAM like pipelining commands. Generations of DDR memory are compared in terms of clock speeds, data rates, and other features.
The document discusses the organization and types of system memory in a PC. It describes how the first 640KB of memory is called conventional memory and is available for programs to use. It also explains different types of additional memory areas like extended memory and cache memory, as well as different types of RAM like DRAM, SRAM, and variations of DRAM.
RAM is used for temporary storage of running programs. There are two main types of RAM: SDRAM and DDR RAM. SDRAM is commonly used in older PIII motherboards at speeds ranging from 66MHz to 133MHz, while DDR RAM is faster and used in newer P4 motherboards at speeds from 266MHz to 800MHz. Common RAM errors include failure to display with beeps, blank screen, misreported RAM size, and memory errors. These errors can be caused by incorrect configuration, installation issues, or faulty RAM. The solutions include confirming the configuration, checking the RAM installation, and potentially replacing damaged RAM.
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR SDRAM, is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and DDR4 SDRAM, and soon will be superseded by DDR5 SDRAM. None of its successors are forward or backward compatible with DDR1 SDRAM, meaning DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules will not work in DDR1-equipped motherboards, and vice versa.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
DDR memory is a type of RAM that allows for increased performance over single data rate memory by facilitating two data transactions per clock cycle without doubling the clock speed. It consists of over 130 signals and uses mode and extended mode registers to control operations. DDR memory comes in SRAM and DRAM varieties, with DRAM being more common due to its lower power consumption and use in main memory, though it requires constant refreshing to prevent data loss.
Asynchronous DRAM (ADRAM) is widely used due to its internal architecture and interface to the processor's memory bus. However, ADRAM has slow access times which degrade system performance. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) was developed to exchange data with the processor synchronized by an external clock, allowing full processor speed without wait states. Later, Double Data Rate SDRAM and Rambus DRAM were introduced to increase data transfer rates.
The document describes a memory controller for DDR SDRAM that is implemented using Verilog HDL. DDR SDRAM operates at double the frequency of the processor and transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock, allowing it to have higher bandwidth than SDR SDRAM. The controller generates timing and control signals to properly initialize and refresh the memory and handle read and write operations. Simulation and synthesis of the controller design is done using Xilinx ISE 14.5 software.
Computer memory can be either volatile or non-volatile. Volatile memory, like RAM, loses its contents when power is lost while non-volatile memory, like EPROM, retains data without power. RAM is the primary memory that allows the CPU to process instructions from programs loaded into memory. Different types of RAM have been developed over time with increasing speeds, like EDO RAM, SDRAM, DDR RAM, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 RAM. Memory modules have transitioned from SIMMs to the current DIMMs.
Here is a slide on Random Access Memory, slide consists of detailed presentation on primary Memory,types and history of RAM. Hope you will Enjoy the slide.
This document provides specifications for three virtual private server options from Serventus. It details the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and RAID configuration for each VPS level. The CPU uses Intel Core i7 processors for maximum performance. RAM is DDR3-1333 ECC memory to detect and correct errors. Hard drives are 1TB Seagate SATA HDDs optimized for storage capacity and power efficiency. RAID 10 configuration mirrors and stripes data across a minimum of four drives for redundancy and speed.
This document provides specifications for three virtual private server options from Serventus. It details the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and RAID configuration for each VPS level. The CPU uses Intel Core i7 processors for maximum performance. RAM is DDR3-1333 ECC memory to detect and correct errors. Hard drives are 1TB Seagate SATA HDDs optimized for storage capacity and power efficiency. RAID 10 configuration mirrors and stripes data across a minimum of four drives for redundancy and speed.
Adding more RAM (random access memory) to a computer improves performance in several ways:
- It allows applications to open faster by preventing the CPU from needing to constantly swap applications between RAM and the hard drive as RAM fills up.
- With more RAM, the CPU can keep more applications stored in RAM, avoiding the need to constantly move applications back and forth from the hard drive.
- More RAM also improves the ability to multitask and run multiple applications simultaneously without experiencing slowdowns.
The document discusses several key concepts related to computer memory systems:
1. It describes the maximum size and organization of main memory, including byte-addressability and the connection between the CPU and memory.
2. It discusses measures of memory speed like access time and cycle time, and techniques to increase effective memory size and speed like cache memory and virtual memory.
3. It provides details on the basic organization and operation of different types of semiconductor memories like SRAM, DRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, and flash memory.
Web cast-a day-in_the_life_of_a_hsd_nov_5th_2012_final_al_hamdu_ll_allah__hsd...Hany Fahmy
Hany Fahmy is a memory architect who gave a workshop presentation on high-speed digital systems. He discussed how increased data rates in technologies like DDR3 and DDR4 pose challenges for signal integrity due to effects like crosstalk and impedance discontinuities. Hany presented techniques for optimizing memory channel routing using frequency domain analysis to minimize these issues and evaluate performance based on simulations and lab correlations.
DDR - SDRAMs are classified into different types including SDRAM, DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4. SDRAM synchronizes itself with the CPU timing to allow for faster memory access. DDR1 allows for higher transfer rates through double pumping of the data bus. DDR2 further increases speeds through lower power usage and internal clock running at half the external clock rate. DDR3 and DDR4 continue to improve speeds and bandwidth through higher data transfer rates and lower voltage requirements. Each new generation is not compatible with previous types due to changes in signaling and interfaces.
This document defines and categorizes different types of computer memory. It discusses the key differences between volatile and non-volatile memory, primary and secondary memory, ROM and RW memory, and random access versus sequential access memory. It also covers different memory technologies like RAM, ROM, cache memory, and how memory can be classified based on the underlying storage media.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is a type of temporary storage that does not permanently store data. There are two main types of RAM: static RAM which retains data without needing to be refreshed, and dynamic RAM which needs constant refreshing. The document then outlines the evolution of different types of RAM over time including FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDR RAM, RDRAM, DDR RAM, DDR2 RAM, DDR3 RAM, and DDR4 RAM, with each new generation providing increased speeds, capacities, and efficiencies over previous versions.
This presentation discusses Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and its types. It begins by explaining what RAM is and how it provides faster access for the CPU than the hard disk. It then covers that DRAM is the main memory in computers and must be refreshed periodically to prevent data loss. The main types of DRAM discussed are SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM, and DRAM memory modules. Specific details are provided about the features and operation of each DRAM type. Major memory manufacturers are also listed.
The document describes the memory hierarchy in computers from fastest to slowest: CPU caches (L1, L2, L3), main memory (RAM), virtual memory, and permanent storage (hard disks). L1 cache is built into the CPU and holds frequently used data for very fast access. Main memory (RAM) is where operating systems and active programs are run but is slower than cache. Virtual memory manages RAM use through disk storage. Permanent storage on disks retains data even when powered off but is the slowest to access.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and can be accessed in a non-sequential order. There are two main forms of RAM: SRAM and DRAM. SRAM is static and holds its data without needing to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in different speeds and sizes, with examples being DIMM, SO-DIMM, and DDR memory sticks. Computer memory has a big effect on system performance.
RAM (random access memory) is a type of volatile memory that can be accessed randomly and stores recently used data and instructions to allow for fast access by the CPU. It consists of small electronic chips mounted on modules that are installed in sockets on the motherboard. Different types of RAM have been developed over time with improved speeds, including DRAM, FPM, EDO, SDRAM, DDR RAM, and Rambus RAM, with later varieties operating at higher clock frequencies in a synchronous manner with the system bus. RAM modules come in various sizes and speeds depending on the memory technology.
The document traces the evolution of computer memory from early vacuum tubes to modern RAM standards. It begins with vacuum tubes and the creation of transistors by Bell Labs. Transistors became the core component of memory, starting with simple latches that could store 1 bit. Dynamic RAM uses transistors and capacitors to store data, while static RAM uses an arrangement of transistors. Standards progressed from SDRAM, which transferred data on clock edges, to DDR RAM which doubled this by transferring data on both the positive and negative clock edges. Later standards like DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 continued to increase bandwidth and clock rates.
The document discusses various types of computer memory technologies, including RAM types like DRAM, SRAM, DDR, DDR2, and DDR3. It explains the memory hierarchy from registers to cache to main memory to disks. Key points covered include how DRAM works using capacitors that must be periodically refreshed, advantages of SDRAM over regular DRAM like pipelining commands. Generations of DDR memory are compared in terms of clock speeds, data rates, and other features.
The document discusses the organization and types of system memory in a PC. It describes how the first 640KB of memory is called conventional memory and is available for programs to use. It also explains different types of additional memory areas like extended memory and cache memory, as well as different types of RAM like DRAM, SRAM, and variations of DRAM.
RAM is used for temporary storage of running programs. There are two main types of RAM: SDRAM and DDR RAM. SDRAM is commonly used in older PIII motherboards at speeds ranging from 66MHz to 133MHz, while DDR RAM is faster and used in newer P4 motherboards at speeds from 266MHz to 800MHz. Common RAM errors include failure to display with beeps, blank screen, misreported RAM size, and memory errors. These errors can be caused by incorrect configuration, installation issues, or faulty RAM. The solutions include confirming the configuration, checking the RAM installation, and potentially replacing damaged RAM.
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR SDRAM, is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, and DDR4 SDRAM, and soon will be superseded by DDR5 SDRAM. None of its successors are forward or backward compatible with DDR1 SDRAM, meaning DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules will not work in DDR1-equipped motherboards, and vice versa.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
DDR memory is a type of RAM that allows for increased performance over single data rate memory by facilitating two data transactions per clock cycle without doubling the clock speed. It consists of over 130 signals and uses mode and extended mode registers to control operations. DDR memory comes in SRAM and DRAM varieties, with DRAM being more common due to its lower power consumption and use in main memory, though it requires constant refreshing to prevent data loss.
Asynchronous DRAM (ADRAM) is widely used due to its internal architecture and interface to the processor's memory bus. However, ADRAM has slow access times which degrade system performance. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) was developed to exchange data with the processor synchronized by an external clock, allowing full processor speed without wait states. Later, Double Data Rate SDRAM and Rambus DRAM were introduced to increase data transfer rates.
The document describes a memory controller for DDR SDRAM that is implemented using Verilog HDL. DDR SDRAM operates at double the frequency of the processor and transfers data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock, allowing it to have higher bandwidth than SDR SDRAM. The controller generates timing and control signals to properly initialize and refresh the memory and handle read and write operations. Simulation and synthesis of the controller design is done using Xilinx ISE 14.5 software.
Computer memory can be either volatile or non-volatile. Volatile memory, like RAM, loses its contents when power is lost while non-volatile memory, like EPROM, retains data without power. RAM is the primary memory that allows the CPU to process instructions from programs loaded into memory. Different types of RAM have been developed over time with increasing speeds, like EDO RAM, SDRAM, DDR RAM, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 RAM. Memory modules have transitioned from SIMMs to the current DIMMs.
Here is a slide on Random Access Memory, slide consists of detailed presentation on primary Memory,types and history of RAM. Hope you will Enjoy the slide.
This document provides specifications for three virtual private server options from Serventus. It details the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and RAID configuration for each VPS level. The CPU uses Intel Core i7 processors for maximum performance. RAM is DDR3-1333 ECC memory to detect and correct errors. Hard drives are 1TB Seagate SATA HDDs optimized for storage capacity and power efficiency. RAID 10 configuration mirrors and stripes data across a minimum of four drives for redundancy and speed.
This document provides specifications for three virtual private server options from Serventus. It details the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and RAID configuration for each VPS level. The CPU uses Intel Core i7 processors for maximum performance. RAM is DDR3-1333 ECC memory to detect and correct errors. Hard drives are 1TB Seagate SATA HDDs optimized for storage capacity and power efficiency. RAID 10 configuration mirrors and stripes data across a minimum of four drives for redundancy and speed.
Adding more RAM (random access memory) to a computer improves performance in several ways:
- It allows applications to open faster by preventing the CPU from needing to constantly swap applications between RAM and the hard drive as RAM fills up.
- With more RAM, the CPU can keep more applications stored in RAM, avoiding the need to constantly move applications back and forth from the hard drive.
- More RAM also improves the ability to multitask and run multiple applications simultaneously without experiencing slowdowns.
1. The document discusses various factors that impact hard drive performance, including platter diameter and count, recording technology, rotation speed, and interface. Higher data densities and faster rotation speeds allow drives to transfer more data in a given time period but also increase complexity and energy usage.
2. Key parameters discussed include spindle speed, which has the largest impact on performance; higher speeds mean more data passes the read/write heads per minute. Recording technology also influences density - perpendicular magnetic recording currently allows highest densities but heat-assisted magnetic recording may further increase capacity.
3. While similar on paper, drives can still vary in performance due to differences in cache sizes, capacities, and interface types even within a model family. The largest
Highlighted notes while studying Concurrent Data Structures:
DDR4 SDRAM
Source: Wikipedia
Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, officially abbreviated as DDR4 SDRAM, is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface.
Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation.
Supermicro Servers with Micron DDR5 & SSDs: Accelerating Real World WorkloadsRebekah Rodriguez
This document provides an overview of Supermicro's comprehensive server portfolio, including their rackmount, cloud, and mainstream server solutions. It highlights several multi-node server platforms like BigTwin, FatTwin, and GrandTwin. The document also mentions Supermicro will have many options for the upcoming 4th generation AMD EPYC 'Genoa' platform with support for up to 96 cores, 128 PCIe lanes, and DDR5 memory at up to 6TB capacity. In summary, the document outlines Supermicro's server product lines and upcoming support for the high-end 4th generation AMD EPYC processors.
PowerEdge Rack and Tower Server Masters - AMD Server Memory.pptxNeoKenj
This document provides an overview of AMD server memory options for Dell PowerEdge servers, including:
- Details on 2nd generation EPYC memory configurations and benefits like increased memory speeds and bandwidth
- Examples of memory technologies, capacity options, and population rules for configuring Dell PowerEdge rack and tower servers equipped with AMD EPYC processors
- Charts showing the memory support for different PowerEdge server models, including up to 4TB of memory support on some 2-socket models
RedisConf18 - Re-architecting Redis-on-Flash with Intel 3DX Point™ MemoryRedis Labs
The document discusses re-architecting Redis-on-Flash with Intel 3D XPoint memory. It introduces 3D XPoint memory as a new type of memory that is persistent, has high capacity of 6 TB per system, and is cheaper than DRAM. RedisLabs and Intel are collaborating to build the next version of Redis-on-Flash using 3D XPoint memory to increase scalability through larger memory modules and reduce costs compared to DRAM. The challenges include higher latency compared to DRAM and evolving standards.
1. The document discusses new technologies for high performance systems on the x86 platform, including TCP/IP offload (TOE), I/O acceleration technology (IOAT), faster memory standards like DDR2 and FBDIMM, and multi-core processors.
2. It analyzes the performance characteristics of Intel Xeon and AMD Opteron processors, finding that Xeons perform better on bandwidth-intensive and latency-intensive workloads while Opterons sometimes have an advantage on local memory access.
3. Both AMD and Intel are developing new processor architectures like AMD's Barcelona quad-core chip and Intel's quad-core Tulsa/Tigerton chips, which are expected to
The document discusses an ASUS technical workshop about their X99 motherboard series. It provides details on the features of the X99-Deluxe, X99-Pro, and X99-A motherboards including DDR4 support, M.2 slots, WiFi connectivity, fan control technologies, and multi-GPU support. It also discusses the benefits of DDR4 memory such as increased speeds and capacities compared to DDR3.
GDDR4 SDRAM is a type of graphics card memory that was intended to replace GDDR3. In 2005, Samsung developed the first 256-Mbit GDDR4 chip running at 2.5 Gbit/s. GDDR4 introduced technologies like Data Bus Inversion and Multi-Preamble to reduce power consumption and improve performance. While it achieved higher speeds and bandwidth than GDDR3, GDDR4 was quickly replaced by GDDR5 within a year as manufacturers like Qimonda moved directly to the newer standard.
Computer Memory: Which is Better, Density or Speed?Jonathan McBride
First-time RAM buyers need to understand memory density and speed specifications. Density refers to the maximum amount of data a memory module can hold, while speed refers to the rate data can be transferred. When choosing between modules, prioritize getting higher density first, as it determines how much data can be stored. Higher speeds provide marginal benefits and only matter for intensive tasks like gaming, video editing and server use. Most users will not notice speed differences, so focus on getting the highest density that fits your budget.
This document provides information about basic computer components and types of computers. It discusses the basic competencies required for computer operations as well as common and core competencies. It then defines what a computer is, its main parts including hardware and software, and types of computers such as laptops, desktops, tablets, and more. The rest of the document describes the basic components of a desktop computer in detail, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, motherboard, RAM, power supply, CPU, hard disk drive, and optical drive. Memory types such as SIMMs, SDRAM, RDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 are also explained.
The Exadata X3 introduces new hardware with dramatically more and faster flash memory, more DRAM memory, faster CPUs, and more connectivity while maintaining the same price as the previous Exadata X2 platform. Key software enhancements include Exadata Smart Flash Write Caching which provides up to 20 times more write I/O performance, and Hybrid Columnar Compression which now supports write-back caching and provides storage savings of up to 15 times. The Exadata X3 provides higher performance, more storage capacity, and lower power usage compared to previous Exadata platforms.
The goal of Intelligent RAM (IRAM) is to design a cost-effective computer by designing a processor in a memory fabrication process, instead of in a conventional logic fabrication process, and include memory on-chip.
The document discusses the features and capabilities of the QNAP TS-832PX and TS-932PX network attached storage (NAS) devices. Both NAS devices come with dual 10GbE SFP+ and dual 2.5GbE RJ45 ports to provide faster network speeds. They are suitable for small and medium sized business environments that have an increasing number of connected devices and larger file sizes. The document provides details on the specifications, performance tests results, and software applications that come with the NAS devices.
The document discusses component selections for creating a high-performance gaming desktop. It recommends an Intel Core i9 processor, Nvidia GeForce GTX 1080 Ti graphics card, 32GB of DDR4 RAM, Logitech gaming mouse and keyboard, an ASUS motherboard, and a 60TB Seagate SSD hard drive. It emphasizes choosing components based on specifications like core count, memory bandwidth, and transfer speeds to optimize the desktop for gaming performance.
Multi-core processor and Multi-channel memory architectureUmair Amjad
Content of presentation:
Multi-core processors
Multi-channel memory architecture
Comparison between single and multi channel memory
Conclusion
References
In this presentation, Kevin Wagner from Diablo Technologies describes the company's new Memory Channel Flash Solution.
Diablo leveraged its extensive experience in advanced memory channel interfaces and protocols to deliver a superior system architecture that directly attaches persistent memory to the host processors of a server or storage array. This innovative approach utilizes the industry standard DIMM form factor and native CPU memory interface, allowing MCS to be a drop-in replacement for standard RDIMMs. The architecture delivers the highest, most economical scaling of any enterprise storage solution on the market today, with persistent latencies approaching that of DRAM and linear scaling of throughput with additional modules.
“Flash SSDs boost system performance, and flash over PCIe is even faster, but the best performance will come from flash on the memory channel," said Jim Handy, Director at Objective Analysis. "Diablo is on the right path by providing a way to plug flash right into the DDR memory buses on today's servers.”
View the presentation video: http://inside-bigdata.com/slidecast-diablo-memory-channel-flash-technology-is-big-data-for-less/
This document discusses disk storage topics including disk interfaces, components, performance, reliability, partitions, RAID, and failures/backups. It provides 7 slides on disk interfaces such as SAS, SATA, Fibre Channel, and iSCSI. Another 7 slides cover disk components, performance factors like seek time and throughput, caching, and measuring performance. The remaining slides discuss reliability issues, partitions, extended partitions, GUID tables, reasons for partitioning, and an overview of RAID.
The EMC Symmetrix DMX-3 950 storage system delivers scalable storage capacity and performance. It can be configured with a minimum of 32 disk drives and expanded up to a maximum of 360 drives, providing over 173 TB of maximum raw storage capacity. The system utilizes EMC's Direct Matrix architecture with dedicated interconnects between I/O directors and global memory for high throughput and performance.
Risk Analysis 101: Using a Risk Analyst to Fortify Your IT Strategyjohn823664
Discover how a minor IT glitch became the catalyst for a major strategic shift. In this real-world story, follow Emma, a CTO at a fast-growing managed service provider, as she faces a critical data backup failure—and turns to a risk analyst from remoting.work to transform chaos into clarity.
This presentation breaks down the essentials of IT risk analysis and shows how SMBs can proactively manage cyber threats, regulatory gaps, and infrastructure vulnerabilities. Learn what a remote risk analyst really does, why structured risk management matters, and how remoting.work delivers vetted experts without the overhead of full-time hires.
Perfect for CTOs, IT managers, and business owners ready to future-proof their IT strategy.
👉 Visit remoting.work to schedule your free risk assessment today.
Crazy Incentives and How They Kill Security. How Do You Turn the Wheel?Christian Folini
Everybody is driven by incentives. Good incentives persuade us to do the right thing and patch our servers. Bad incentives make us eat unhealthy food and follow stupid security practices.
There is a huge resource problem in IT, especially in the IT security industry. Therefore, you would expect people to pay attention to the existing incentives and the ones they create with their budget allocation, their awareness training, their security reports, etc.
But reality paints a different picture: Bad incentives all around! We see insane security practices eating valuable time and online training annoying corporate users.
But it's even worse. I've come across incentives that lure companies into creating bad products, and I've seen companies create products that incentivize their customers to waste their time.
It takes people like you and me to say "NO" and stand up for real security!
TrustArc Webinar: Cross-Border Data Transfers in 2025TrustArc
In 2025, cross-border data transfers are becoming harder to manage—not because there are no rules, the regulatory environment has become increasingly complex. Legal obligations vary by jurisdiction, and risk factors include national security, AI, and vendor exposure. Some of the examples of the recent developments that are reshaping how organizations must approach transfer governance:
- The U.S. DOJ’s new rule restricts the outbound transfer of sensitive personal data to foreign adversaries countries of concern, introducing national security-based exposure that privacy teams must now assess.
- The EDPB confirmed that GDPR applies to AI model training — meaning any model trained on EU personal data, regardless of location, must meet lawful processing and cross-border transfer standards.
- Recent enforcement — such as a €290 million GDPR fine against Uber for unlawful transfers and a €30.5 million fine against Clearview AI for scraping biometric data signals growing regulatory intolerance for cross-border data misuse, especially when transparency and lawful basis are lacking.
- Gartner forecasts that by 2027, over 40% of AI-related privacy violations will result from unintended cross-border data exposure via GenAI tools.
Together, these developments reflect a new era of privacy risk: not just legal exposure—but operational fragility. Privacy programs must/can now defend transfers at the system, vendor, and use-case level—with documentation, certification, and proactive governance.
The session blends policy/regulatory events and risk framing with practical enablement, using these developments to explain how TrustArc’s Data Mapping & Risk Manager, Assessment Manager and Assurance Services help organizations build defensible, scalable cross-border data transfer programs.
This webinar is eligible for 1 CPE credit.
UX for Data Engineers and Analysts-Designing User-Friendly Dashboards for Non...UXPA Boston
Data dashboards are powerful tools for decision-making, but for non-technical users—such as doctors, administrators, and executives—they can often be overwhelming. A well-designed dashboard should simplify complex data, highlight key insights, and support informed decision-making without requiring advanced analytics skills.
This session will explore the principles of user-friendly dashboard design, focusing on:
-Simplifying complex data for clarity
-Using effective data visualization techniques
-Designing for accessibility and usability
-Leveraging AI for automated insights
-Real-world case studies
By the end of this session, attendees will learn how to create dashboards that empower users, reduce cognitive overload, and drive better decisions.
React Native for Business Solutions: Building Scalable Apps for SuccessAmelia Swank
See how we used React Native to build a scalable mobile app from concept to production. Learn about the benefits of React Native development.
for more info : https://www.atoallinks.com/2025/react-native-developers-turned-concept-into-scalable-solution/
Harmonizing Multi-Agent Intelligence | Open Data Science Conference | Gary Ar...Gary Arora
This deck from my talk at the Open Data Science Conference explores how multi-agent AI systems can be used to solve practical, everyday problems — and how those same patterns scale to enterprise-grade workflows.
I cover the evolution of AI agents, when (and when not) to use multi-agent architectures, and how to design, orchestrate, and operationalize agentic systems for real impact. The presentation includes two live demos: one that books flights by checking my calendar, and another showcasing a tiny local visual language model for efficient multimodal tasks.
Key themes include:
✅ When to use single-agent vs. multi-agent setups
✅ How to define agent roles, memory, and coordination
✅ Using small/local models for performance and cost control
✅ Building scalable, reusable agent architectures
✅ Why personal use cases are the best way to learn before deploying to the enterprise
Mastering Testing in the Modern F&B Landscapemarketing943205
Dive into our presentation to explore the unique software testing challenges the Food and Beverage sector faces today. We’ll walk you through essential best practices for quality assurance and show you exactly how Qyrus, with our intelligent testing platform and innovative AlVerse, provides tailored solutions to help your F&B business master these challenges. Discover how you can ensure quality and innovate with confidence in this exciting digital era.
Who's choice? Making decisions with and about Artificial Intelligence, Keele ...Alan Dix
Invited talk at Designing for People: AI and the Benefits of Human-Centred Digital Products, Digital & AI Revolution week, Keele University, 14th May 2025
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/Keele-2025/
In many areas it already seems that AI is in charge, from choosing drivers for a ride, to choosing targets for rocket attacks. None are without a level of human oversight: in some cases the overarching rules are set by humans, in others humans rubber-stamp opaque outcomes of unfathomable systems. Can we design ways for humans and AI to work together that retain essential human autonomy and responsibility, whilst also allowing AI to work to its full potential? These choices are critical as AI is increasingly part of life or death decisions, from diagnosis in healthcare ro autonomous vehicles on highways, furthermore issues of bias and privacy challenge the fairness of society overall and personal sovereignty of our own data. This talk will build on long-term work on AI & HCI and more recent work funded by EU TANGO and SoBigData++ projects. It will discuss some of the ways HCI can help create situations where humans can work effectively alongside AI, and also where AI might help designers create more effective HCI.
Slack like a pro: strategies for 10x engineering teamsNacho Cougil
You know Slack, right? It's that tool that some of us have known for the amount of "noise" it generates per second (and that many of us mute as soon as we install it 😅).
But, do you really know it? Do you know how to use it to get the most out of it? Are you sure 🤔? Are you tired of the amount of messages you have to reply to? Are you worried about the hundred conversations you have open? Or are you unaware of changes in projects relevant to your team? Would you like to automate tasks but don't know how to do so?
In this session, I'll try to share how using Slack can help you to be more productive, not only for you but for your colleagues and how that can help you to be much more efficient... and live more relaxed 😉.
If you thought that our work was based (only) on writing code, ... I'm sorry to tell you, but the truth is that it's not 😅. What's more, in the fast-paced world we live in, where so many things change at an accelerated speed, communication is key, and if you use Slack, you should learn to make the most of it.
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Presentation shared at JCON Europe '25
Feedback form:
http://tiny.cc/slack-like-a-pro-feedback
Join us for the Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Program on the Implementation of Digital Nepal Framework (DNF) 2.0 and the Way Forward, a high-level workshop designed to foster inclusive dialogue, strategic collaboration, and actionable insights among key ICT stakeholders in Nepal. This national-level program brings together representatives from government bodies, private sector organizations, academia, civil society, and international development partners to discuss the roadmap, challenges, and opportunities in implementing DNF 2.0. With a focus on digital governance, data sovereignty, public-private partnerships, startup ecosystem development, and inclusive digital transformation, the workshop aims to build a shared vision for Nepal’s digital future. The event will feature expert presentations, panel discussions, and policy recommendations, setting the stage for unified action and sustained momentum in Nepal’s digital journey.
Dark Dynamism: drones, dark factories and deurbanizationJakub Šimek
Startup villages are the next frontier on the road to network states. This book aims to serve as a practical guide to bootstrap a desired future that is both definite and optimistic, to quote Peter Thiel’s framework.
Dark Dynamism is my second book, a kind of sequel to Bespoke Balajisms I published on Kindle in 2024. The first book was about 90 ideas of Balaji Srinivasan and 10 of my own concepts, I built on top of his thinking.
In Dark Dynamism, I focus on my ideas I played with over the last 8 years, inspired by Balaji Srinivasan, Alexander Bard and many people from the Game B and IDW scenes.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
OpenAI Just Announced Codex: A cloud engineering agent that excels in handlin...SOFTTECHHUB
The world of software development is constantly evolving. New languages, frameworks, and tools appear at a rapid pace, all aiming to help engineers build better software, faster. But what if there was a tool that could act as a true partner in the coding process, understanding your goals and helping you achieve them more efficiently? OpenAI has introduced something that aims to do just that.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology that uses radio waves to
automatically identify and track objects, such as products, pallets, or containers, in the supply chain.
In supply chain management, RFID is used to monitor the movement of goods
at every stage — from manufacturing to warehousing to distribution to retail.
For this products/packages/pallets are tagged with RFID tags and RFID readers,
antennas and RFID gate systems are deployed throughout the warehouse
1. Improve your
PC Performance with
DDR4 MEMORYDDR4 MEMORY
Gives higher level of speed,
bandwidth and efficiency!! IMPROVE
DDR4DDR3DDR2
DDR4 RAM
NEXT GENERATION DDR4 MEMORY
3. PROVIDES FASTER BURST ACCESS SPEED
With a unique feature of four channel memory architecture- DDR4 provides
faster burst access speeds for improved sequential data throughput.
DATADATA
Memory Bandwidth Memory Bandwidth
DDR3DDR3 DDR4DDR4
4. DOUBLES THE CAPACITY
Increase PC’s performance by doubling memory capacity. Advanced technology of DDR4 allows more
gigabits per component. DDR4 is designed to operate with higher density components.
YEAR GB PER SECONDBUS SPEED
2015
2015
2015
2013
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
50
43.74
37.5
31.25
25
18.75
12.5
6.25
5.25
0
DDR4-3200, 128-BIT-51.2GB/S
DDR4-2666, 128-BIT-42.7GB/S
DDR4-2400, 128-BIT-38.4GB/S
DDR4-2133, 128-BIT-34GB/S
DDR3-1866, 128-BIT-30GB/S
DDR3-1600, 128-BIT-25.6GB/S
DDR3-1333, 128-BIT-21.3GB/S
DDR3-1066, 128-BIT-17.0GB/S
DDR2-667, 128-BIT-10.6GB/S
DDR2-533, 128-BIT-8.5GB/S
5. DELIVERS 40% MORE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
28%
2.5V
1.8V
1.5
V
1.2V
1.35V
17%
10%
11%
DDR DDR2 DDR3 DDR3L DDR4
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
[V]
Operating VoltageOperating Voltage
2.04
1.48
2.65
2.88
3.23
2.88
4.13
3.49
37%
1x
0.8x
0.73x
40nm DDR3
Core Power
30nm DDR3L 20nm DDR3L 20nm DDR4
8
6
4
2
0
[W]
0.46x
IO Power
Normalize power consumptionNormalize power consumption
Cuts down power and cooling expenses. DDR4 uses 20% less voltage than DDR3
and operates at just 1.2V compared to 1.35V for DDR3L. With additional
power–saving features, DDR4 delivers 40% energy savings and keeps the systems
cool.
6. Cloud
Big Data HPC
STRENGTHENS
CLOUD COMPUTING
BIG DATA,
HPC & MORE
To accommodate memory–dependent server applications like cloud computing, HPC,
virtualization and Big Data, DDR4 server memory is a vital solution to enhance bandwidth and
capacity, while also controls energy expenses. DDR4 memory is augmented for future Intel® Xeon®
processor E5-2600 v3 product family, accrediting you to handle complicated enterprise workloads
with convenience.