Improvement of Power Quality in PMSG Based Wind Integrated System using FACTS Controller

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 632
Improvement of Power Quality in PMSG Based Wind Integrated System
Using FACTS Controller
Lekshmi M1, Vishnu J2
1PG Scholar,2Assistant Professor
1,2 Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Sree Buddha College of Engineering, Pattoor, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
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Abstract – Wind Energy Conversions Systems (WECS) has
gained importance in the recent years as a prime source of
distributed generation, in which variable speed wind turbine
with direct driven PMSG and power electronic interface is the
most commonly used system exhibiting variability in the
output power as a result of change in the prime mover (wind
speed). When such a configuration is interconnected to the
grid it introduces various challenges to thenetwork intermsof
power quality issues, stability and voltage regulation. It can
cure by providing modern power electronic devices known as
FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices, along with
their controllers. These devices are operated either by
supplying or absorbing active and reactive power or by
altering the grid parameters by controlling either line
reactance or voltage control. FACTS controllers have been
mainly used for solving various power system steady state
control problems. This paper proposes stability enhancement
of WECS using a FACTS device called StaticSynchronousSeries
Compensator (SSSC) when incorporated with a Frequency
Oscillation Controller.
Keywords – FACTS, Power oscillation damping controller,
PMSG, SSSC, WECS.
1. INTRODUCTION
The generators used for the wind energyconversion
system are commonly either doubly fed induction generator
(DFIG) or permanent magnet synchronous generator
(PMSG). DFIG have less cost, weight and size but its
application is limited due to the unreliability associated with
the gear box, slip rings and brushes [1]. But PMSG does not
have a gear box so its reliability is high and it require only
less maintenance. Also, due to the presence permanent
magnet it has high power density. So itsefficiencyisalsohigh
when compared to all other types of WECS generators [2].
Due to the stochastic nature ofwindinputpowerthe
output from a WECS is not much reliable. Also the output
contains power quality problems like voltage sag,harmonics
[3], etc. High level penetration of WECS into grid causes the
migration of the above stated power quality problems into
the power grid. Also theinterconnectionofWECS withpower
grid causes voltage fluctuations,powersystemoperation and
control, regulation of power system stability [4].
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices
can solve the above statedpowerqualityproblems[5].FACTS
is defined as ‘Alternating current transmission systems
incorporating power electronic based and other static
controllers to enhance controllability and increase power
transfer capability’ [6]. The FACTS controller is definedas“A
power electronic based and other static equipment that
provide control of one or more AC transmission system
parameters” [7]. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)
controllers have been mainly used for solving variouspower
system steady state and transient state control problems.
These devices are operated either by supplying or absorbing
reactive power or by altering the grid parameters by
controlling either line reactance or voltage control. Various
types of FACTS devices are available for effective
compensationandimprovingstability.TheFACTScontrollers
can be classified as
1. Shunt connected controllers.
2. Series connected controllers.
3. Combined series – series controllers.
4. Combined shunt – series controllers.
Depending on the power electronic devices used in
the control, the FACTS controllers can be classified as
A) Variable impedance type.
B) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based.
Static SynchronousSeriesCompensator(SSSC)isa series
connected voltage source converter based device.Thisthesis
presents a PMSG based wind integrated system with SSSC
and frequency oscillation damping controller aimed at
achieving a high level of fault tolerance to load side faults.

2. STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR
Fig.1. Static synchronous series compensator.
SSSC provides series compensation totheline.Itcan
also be implemented by injecting a voltage source in series
with transmission line as represented in fig 2.
Fig.2. Representation of AC system with series
compensation.
The voltage source can inject a voltage of
controllable magnitude and phase to the transmission line.
When the injected voltage is in phase Quadrature leading to
line current, series compensation behaves like an inductor,
and when injected voltage lagging to line current it behaves
as a capacitor. The result obtained with series compensation
through a voltage source, which has been adjusted again to
obtain unity power factor operation at voltage V2. In this
case, voltage VCOMP has been added between the line and the
load to change the angle of V2, which is now the voltage at
load side. VCOMP generates a voltage with opposite direction
to the voltage drop in line inductance because it lags line
current.
The basic schematic diagram of SSSC is shown in
fig.1. As its name, it is connected in series with the
transmission line via a transformer. The SSSC injects voltage
that lags or lead behind the line current by 90 degree. This
means that SSSC can be operated in both inductive and
capacitive modes [8]. The following fig.3. gives the three
modes of operation of SSSC.
Fig.3. Different modes of operation of SSSC.
3. SIMULINK MODELS
Fig. 4. Modelling of PMSG based wind integrated system in
MATLAB.
Fig. 4.shows the modelling of PMSG based wind integrated
system in MATLAB/SIMULINK and fig.
5. shows the modelling of PMSG based wind integrated
system with SSSC FACTS device and PODcontroller.

Fig. 5. Modelling of PMSG based wind integrated system with SSSC and POD in MATLAB.
4. POD CONTROLLER
The SSSC injected voltage reference is normally set by a
controller whose output is connected to the Vqref input of
the SSSC. Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controllerisalso
a suggestion to adjust Vqref.
Fig. 6. POD Controller.
The POD controller composed of a transfer function
block which is made by a transducer with a gain K, which is
followed by a washout filter. The signal obtained at the
output is limited using a saturation block. The other transfer
function constitutes lead-lag filters which can be used for
phase compensation in transmission lines [8]. A POD
controller is developed which is tuned to provide necessary
damping to stabilize the power system after severe
disturbances. POD controller is shown in fig. 6. In this figure,
the gain K is multiplied with transfer function block.
5. RESULTS
PMSG based wind integrated system was modelled using
MATLAB software and a three phase fault is created at the
load side of the system to analyse thesystemproperties.Also

modelled same system with Static Synchronous Series
Compensator and Power Oscillation DampingControllerand
a similar three phase fault is created at the load side. Three
phase fault of fault resistance 0.001 Ω is applied in a
transition period from 0.04 sec to 0.2 sec. The obtained
waveforms are shown below:
Fig. 7. Output voltage without fault.
Fig. 8. Output voltage with fault before compensation.
Fig. 9. Output voltage with fault after compensation by
SSSC with POD.
From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, it is clear that during fault condition, a
voltage sag occurs and SSSC provide necessary voltage
compensation to the system.
The Total Harmonic Distortion is found out for
before and after compensation. There results are shown
below:
Fig. 10. THD before compensation by SSSC.
Fig. 11. THD after compensation by SSSC.
Before compensation the THD is 54.63% and after
compensation the THD is reduced to 4.57%.
6. CONCLUSION
Simulink model of permanent magnet synchronous
generator based wind integrated system is presented. A
method for enhancement of stability as well as the power
quality in PMSG based wind integrated system was done
using SSSC incorporated with a POD controller. This method
make the machine as a fault tolerant one. The SSSC provide
necessary compensation to the system as the system
requirements. Also SSSC minimise the harmonics inside the
system.

REFERENCES
[1]. N. Ramesh babu, P. Arul mozhivarman, “Wind energy
conversion systems – A technical review”, Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 8, No.4(2013)
493 – 507.
[2]. Suji Muhammed, Krishnakumari V, “Performance
Analysis of a PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion
System”, International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014
IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181.
[3]. Rajveer Mittal, K.S.Sandhu and D.K.Jain, “An Overviewof
Some Important Issues Related to Wind Energy
Conversion System”, International Journal of
Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 1, No. 4,
October 2010 ISSN: 2010-0264.
[4]. Lalit Kumar Gautam, Mugdha Mishra, “Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy
Conversion System”, International Journal of Electrical
Electronics & Computer Science Engineering Volume 1,
Issue 1 (February 2014), ISSN : 2348 2273.
[5]. Bhushan D. Deotale, Dr. Sudhir R. Paraskar, “Transient
Stability Improvement using Thyristor Switched Series
Capacitor (TSSC) FACTS Device ”, IEEE students
conference on electrical,Electronics and Computer
science 2016.
[6]. Narain G. Hingorani, “Understanding FACTS : Concepts
and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems”,
Wiley-Blackwell, 1999.
[7]. K.R.Padiyar, “FACTS Controllers in PowerTransmission
and Distribution”NewAgeInternational PrivateLimited,
2007.
[8]. Yahya Naderi, Tohid Rahimi, Babak Yousefi, Seyed
Hossein Hosseini P, “Assessment Power and Frequency
Oscillation Damping Using PODControllerand Proposed
FOD Controller”,International Journal of Electrical,
Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication
Engineering Vol:8, No:11, 2014 .
BIOGRAPHIES
Lekshmi M completed her B. tech degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering inthe
year 2015 from UKF College of Engineering
and Technology under Kerala University
and completed Masters of Technology in
Electrical Machines from SreeBuddha
College of Engineering in the year 2017 under APJ Abdul Kalam
Technological University, Kerala.
Vishnu J received B.Tech degree inElectrical&
Electronics Engineering from University of
Kerala and M. Tech (Power Systems) degree
from Mahatma Gandhi University. Currently
working as Assistant Professor in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering Department at
SreeBuddha College of Engineering, Pattoor.

Improvement of Power Quality in PMSG Based Wind Integrated System using FACTS Controller

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