Indian language cinema, pioneers talkies
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This document provides an overview of the history and development of Indian cinema and various regional language cinemas. It discusses how Indian cinema began with the production of silent films in the early 1900s and transitioned to talkies in the 1930s. It then summarizes the growth and achievements of major regional cinemas like Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and others. Key directors, films, genres and time periods are highlighted for each regional cinema. The document positions Indian cinema as having strong cultural roots and being a cradle for many diverse cultures across its regions.
Indian language cinema, pioneers talkies
- 1. INDIAN CINEMA PIONEERS & TALKIES JANARDHAN. J
- 2. INDIAN LANGUAGE CINEMA It is an attempt to create an independent cinema With strong cultural roots of various regions India is a cradle for many cultures every region has its own unique culture and traditions The diversity inspired to make films in regional languages
- 3. INDIAN LANGUAGE CINEMA … There is a relentless crossover of talents Marathi movie makers made the Hindi movie Bengali film directors made the Hindi and Oriya movies Tamil directors direct the Telugu and Kannada movies Telugu directors made Tamil and Kannada movies Mythological, folk & social themes are the main subjects
- 4. HINDI CINEMA Hindi cinema is widely spread in India It is popularly known as Bollywood It is only a part of the total Indian film industry During 1970s, the Hindi cinema became popular as ‘Bollywood’ it emerged as highest number of film-making industry in the world The naming scheme ‘Bollywood’ inspired other film industries Telugu and Bengali cinema were used to refer as ‘Tollywood’ Tamil as Kollywood, Malayalam as Mollywood, Kannada as Sandlwood
- 5. HINDI CINEMA D.G. Phalke made first silent feature film ‘Raja Harishchandra’ (1913) in India By 1930, the Hindi industry produced over 200 films Ardeshir Irani’s ‘Alam Ara’ (1931), India’s first talkie got major commercial success A few tackled tough social issues Made films as a backdrop of Indian independence
- 6. INTERNATIONAL ACCLAIM During 1940-60s is regarded as the ‘Golden Age’ Most critically-acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced Guru Dutt’s ‘Pyaasa’(1957) and ‘Kaagaz Ke Phool’(1959) Raj Kapoor’s ‘Awaara’(1951) and ‘Shree 420’(1955) These films projected social themes mainly Mehboob Khan's ‘Mother India’ (1957), It was nominated for the Academy Award from India
- 7. INTERNATIONAL ACCLAIM K.Asif's ‘Mughal-e-Azam’ (1960) Bimal Roy’s ‘Madhumati’ (1958) theme of reincarnation in western popular culture Commercial Hindi cinema was thrived by Dev Anand, Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor and Guru Dutt, actresses- Nargis, Meena Kumari, Nutan, Madhubala, Waheeda Rehman and Mala Sinha
- 8. PARALLEL CINEMA… 1950s witnessed the emergence of a ‘New Parallel Cinema’ movement It was led by Bengali cinema and got prominence in Hindi cinema Chetan Anand's ‘Neecha Nagar’ (1946) and Bimal Roy's ‘Do Bigha Zamin’ (1953). ‘Neecha Nagar’ (1946) won the Grand Prize at the first Cannes Film Festival-1946, Hindi films were frequently in competition at the Cannes during 1950-60s
- 9. INDIAN NEW WAVE Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani, Ketan Mehta, Govind Nihalani, Shyam Benegal and Vijaya Mehta Guru Dutt got international recognition in the 1980s Guru Dutt regarded as one of the greatest Asian filmmakers of all time Satyajit Ray the much famous Indian filmmaker
- 10. RAISE OF COMMERCIAL FILM 1960-70s witnessed the raise of different genres Romance and action were popular by Rajesh Khanna and Dharmendra and Sharmila Tagore, Mumtaz, and Leena, Chandavarkar and Helen In the mid-1970s, action films were dominates Amitabh Bachchan, played ‘angry young man’ roles, The trend was continued by Mithun Chakraborty and Anil Kapoor into the early 1990s
- 11. RAISE OF COMMERCIAL FILM Early 1990s, family-centric romantic musicals got the success ‘Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak’ (1988), ‘Maine Pyar Kiya’ (1989), ‘Hum Aapke Hain Kaun’ (1994) and ‘Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge’ (1995) New generation of actors - Aamir Khan, Salman Khan and Shahrukh Khan and actresses - Sridevi, Madhuri Dixit, Juhi Chawla and Kajol became popular Action and comedy films were also successful with Govinda and Akshay Kumar and Raveena Tandon and Karisma Kapoor
- 12. MUMBAI NOIR The success of ‘Satya’ led concept of ‘Mumbai noir’ This led to a resurgence of ‘Parallel Cinema’ By 2000, Hindi cinema became popular across the world Hindi movies were released overseas & witnessed the rapid sprouting of multiplexes in big cities Industry proved its potential by big budget films ‘Lagaan’ (2001) was nominated for the 74th Academy Awards ‘Devdas’ (2002) ‘Rang De Basanti’ (2006) both were nominated for BAFTA
- 13. MARATHI CINEMA… Marathi cinema is one of the oldest regional cinemas in India Marathi cinema was developed along with the Hindi cinema Had the credit of making the ‘Pundalik’ (1912) and ‘Raja Harishchandra’ (1913). It attained recognition with the emergence of talkies. Acharya P.K. Atre’s ‘Shyamchi Aai’ (1953) won the National Award
- 14. MARATHI CINEMA… Sandeep Sawant’s ‘Shwaas’ (2004) bagged national award It was also nominated for 77th Academy awards in 2005 Paresh Mokashi’s ‘Harishchandrachi Factory’ (2009) was also nominated for 82nd Academy Awards in 2010. The Marathi cinema marked the presence of Umesh Kulkarni (Vihir Deol) Sachin Kundalkar (Gandh) and Rajiv Patil (Jogva)
- 15. GUJARATI CINEMA… The first Guajarati talkie was Hanubhai Vakil’s ‘Narasimha Mehta’, released on 9th April, 1932. ‘Ghar Jmai’ (1935) remains as all time hit It was the all time hit of the Gujarati cinema. Barely 12 movies were produced during 1932- 46 In 948 alone twenty six movies were produced in Gujarati ‘Guna Sundari’ (1927) was re-made for three times Kanthilal Rathod’s ‘Kanku’ (1969) brought world reputation In 2010, Sixty two movies were produced in Gujarati
- 16. BENGALI CINEMA… Predominant role in the development of Indian cinema J.J Madan, Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen and others brought new image Rituparno Ghosh’s ‘Choker Bali’ (2003) grabbed the national attention It also won the national award Rustomjee Dotiwala’s ‘Satyawadi Raja Harishchandra’ (1917) was the Bengali feature film It was credited as the first remake in Indian cinema
- 17. BENGALI CINEMA… Hiralal Sen set up the ‘Royal Bioscope Company’ in 1898 In 1919, the first Bengali feature film ‘Bilwamangal’ was produced by Madan Theatre Ltd . It also had the credited for first Bengali talkie ‘Jamai Shashthi’ on 11th April 1931. Amar Choudhury was the director of ‘Jamai Shashthi’ ‘Devadas’ (1935) & ‘Mukti’ (1937) remained as marvels of Bengali cinema In 1954, Satyajit Ray started his career with ‘Apu Triology-Pather Panchali’ He directed 36 films
- 18. MANIPURI & OTHER NORTH EAST CINEMA Manipuri cinema was born with inspiration of Bengali filmmakers Manipuri cinema began late and gained thrust in 1936 Karam Manmohan Singh produced the first Manipuri full length feature film, ‘Matamgee Manipur’ on 9th April, 1972. It bagged the National Award in 1973. Later on Sharma such as ‘Saphbee’ and ‘Olamghtagee Wangmadasoo’ (1979) bagged national awards. Hundreds of movies are produced in Assamese and Manipuri & its local dialects such as Karbi, Mishing, Bodo, Monpa, Kokborok and Sadri.
- 19. MANIPURI & OTHER NORTH EAST CINEMA Manju Borah’s film ‘KO: Yad’ (2012) was honoured with the National Best Cinematography Award. Mizoram's ‘Khawglung Run’ (2012) received critical acclaim Films are accessible in North-East through digital format The first North-Eastern fictional film, ‘My Japanese Niece’ was made in 2013 Prashant Rasaily’s ‘Katha’ (2016) etched Sikkim & 8th North-Eastern states
- 20. ODIYA CINEMA Oriya cinema has no history of silent film In 1936, Sunder Dev Goswami’s ‘Sita Bibah’ was directed the first talkie in Odiya He was honoured as the ‘Father of Odia Cinema’ (Moti Gokulsing.K. et.al. 2013). No one made films over the next fourteen years The absence of infrastructure, professionals, non-existence of an exhibition and distribution systems
- 21. ODIYA CINEMA National Award winners Prabhat Mukharjee (Manik Jodi, 1963), Amar Ganguly (Amada Bata 1964 & Abhinetri 1965), Nitai Palit (Mala Janhe, 1965) Sidhartha (Kaa, 1966 ) The Orissa Film Development Corporation Ltd (OFDCL) was established in 1976. Susanta Misra, produced ‘Indradhanura Chhai’ (1993) & ‘Biswaprakash’ (1999) Since early 80s to till date, number of stars left an unforgettable mark Jharana Das, Mahaswatha and Aparajit were heroines of the classic era Sabyasachi, Buddhaditya, Aakash, Arindam, Archita and Brunsha Priyadarshini are enjoying the stardom
- 22. TELUGU CINEMA It has the over eight decades of glorious history Telugu cinema emerged as one of the flourishing industries Raghupathi Venkaih and his son R.S.Prakash directed the first silent film ‘Bheeshma Pratigna’ in 1922 His inspirational work made him ‘Father of Telugu Cinema’ Director Chittajallu Pullaih’s ‘Bhakta Markandeya’, was shot in Kakinada town in 1922. The screening of movies on the walls gained momentum as ‘Godameeda Bomma’.
- 23. TELUGU CINEMA H.M.Reddy directed the maiden Telugu talkie ‘Bakta Prahlada’ in 1932. It was first released in Bombay on 6th February, 1932. Later on, it was released in Vijayawada and Rajahmundry In 1931, P.V. Das started the first Telugu talkie studio in Madras He remade Shantaram’s first Tamil talkie, ‘Seetha Kalyanam,' into Telugu He is also built ‘Minerva’ theater (1925) in Machilipatnam (The Hindu, 2007). In 1936, the Nidamarthi brothers established the first Telugu studio in Hyderabad ‘Sangeeka Chitralu’ (Social themes) witnessed in first phase of Telugu talkies Later on, ‘Janapada Chitralu’ (Folklore themes) were replaced
- 24. TELUGU CINEMA K.V. Reddy’s 'Pathala Bhairavi' (1951) was the only entry from South India in first edition of IFFI in 1952 In 1963, C. Pullaiah directed the first full-length Telugu colour film ‘Lava Kusa’ NTR & ANR established studios such as ‘Ramakrishna Studio’ (1970) ‘Annapurna Studio’ (1975) in Hyderabad K.Viswanath’s ‘Sankarabaranam’ (1980) won the Golden Lotus Award Telugu cinema stood in third place with its share in film market in India
- 25. TELUGU CINEMA ‘Baahubali-the Beginning & The conclusion’ emerged as the highest grosser from India Brahmanandam acted in the highest number of films S.P. Balasubrahmanyam sang the highest number of film songs in various Indian languages Vijaya Nirmala became the first female director who made 47 movies in the world Dadasaheb Phalke awardee, Dr. D. Ramanayudu produced films in fourteen Indian regional languages
- 26. TAMIL CINEMA Tamil film industry began with producing of more number of silent feature films b/w 1912-31 Nataraja Mudaliar established ‘Indian Film Company’ in Madras in 1915 He also directed the first Tamil feature film ‘Keechaka vatham’ in 1915. Tamil cinema occupies top place in film marketing in South India In 1931, H.M. Reddy directed the first South Indian talkie, ‘Kalidas’ both in Tamil and Telugu Tamil films portrayed the local culture Madras became the hub of the South Indian film production
- 27. TAMIL CINEMA Tamil Nadu is the only state having more number of Chief Ministers from film industry such as Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai Muthuvel Karunanidhi Marudhur Gopalan Ramachandran and Jayalalitha Sundar Balachander and Kailasam Balachander revolutionized Tamil cinema with ‘Andha Naal’ (1954) K. Balachander introduced two super stars like Kamal Hassan with ‘Arangetram’ in 1973. and Rajinikanth with ‘Apoorva Raagangal’ in 1975.
- 28. MALAYALAM CINEMA Malayalam film industry acclaimed its own tradition in artistic cinema, Exemplified by the works of Adoor Gopalakrishnan and G. Aravindan. Adoor Gopalakrishnan’s first film ‘Swayam Varam’ put the Malayalam cinema on global map. Mohanlal and Mamooty drew mass fan following in Malayalam industry.
- 29. MALAYALAM CINEMA Kerala is having the tradition of theatre. The first Malayalam talkie, ‘Bulan’ was directed by S. Notani in 1938 In 1948, ‘Nirmala’ was produced by P.J. Cheria it remained as the first film to employ Malayali play back singer ‘Jeevitha Nouka’ was directed by K. Vembu and produced by K. V. Koshi Kunchako in 1951. It registered as the first super hit movie in Malayalam. P. Bhaskaran and Ramu Kariat together made ‘Neelakuyil’ in 1954. It won the President’s Silver Medal in 1954. ‘Newspaper boy’ (1955) was also marked for its realistic theme.
- 30. KANNADA CINEMA State of Karnataka started film production eleven years after making the first full-length Indian feature film ‘Raja Harishchandra’ (1913) Gubbi Veeranna, Kannada greatest theatre artist, attempted to shoot ‘Bhakta Kabir’ in 1924, In the late 1920s though a few more successful silent films were made in Kannada, The Telugu Director Y.V.Rao made the first Kannada talkie ‘Sati Sulochana’ in 1934 ‘Bhakta Dhruva’ was the very first Kannada talkie which started to shoot under direction by P.V. Atlekar
- 31. KANNADA CINEMA Mysore Sound Studio was established in 1936. Kannada movies were made by Tamil filmmakers like as K. Subramanyams, Stri Ratna, S. Soundara Rajan and Telugu director like Y.V. Rao R. Nagendra Rao’s ‘Premada Putri’ (1957) was bagged the National Award Girish Karnad, B.V. Karanth and Prema Karanth are popularly known as ‘3K’ Actor Girish Karnad became stalwart Prema Karanth became the first ever woman director with ‘Phaniyamma’ (1983).
- 32. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
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