Indoor environmental-quality-in-healthcare (3)
- 1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN BUILDING SERVICES I (BLD6043107830) TOPIC: INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HEALTHCARE/OFFICEN Prepared by: Name Student ID Tan kiah chun 0324414 Tan zhao ming 0318724 Kong zhen chung 0319528 Yong sing yew 0318766 Darren long chi yoong 0318029 Than lek mei 0315538
- 2. CONTENTS PAGES Introduction Installation Process Management System Advantages & Disadvantages Case Study Possible Problems To The System RecommendationFor Future Improvement Learning Outcome References Bibliography
- 3. Appendices INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HEALTHCARE/OFFICE Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of a building’s environment in relation to the health and wellbeing of those who occupy space within it. IEQ is determined by many factors, including lighting, air quality, and damp conditions. Workers are often concerned that they have symptoms or health conditions from exposures to contaminants in the buildings where they work. One reason for this concern is that their symptoms often get better when they are not in the building. While research has shown that some respiratory symptoms and illnesses can be associated with damp buildings, it is still unclear what measurements of indoor contaminants show that workers are at risk for disease. In most instances where a worker and his or her physician suspect that the building environment is causing a specific health condition, the information available from medical tests and tests of the environment is not sufficient to establish which contaminants are responsible. Despite uncertainty about what to measure and how to interpret what is measured, research shows that building-related symptoms are associated with building characteristics, including dampness, cleanliness, and ventilation characteristics. Indoor environments are highly complex and building occupants may be exposed to a variety of contaminants (in the form of gases and particles) from office machines, cleaning products, construction activities, carpets and furnishings, perfumes, cigarette smoke, water-damaged building materials, microbial growth (fungal, mold, and bacterial), insects, and outdoor pollutants. Other factors such as indoor temperatures, relative humidity, and ventilation levels can also affect how individuals respond to the indoor environment. Understanding the sources of indoor environmental contaminants and controlling
- 4. them can often help prevent or resolve building-related worker symptoms. Practical guidance for improving and maintaining the indoor environment is available. Workers who have persistent or worsening symptoms should seek medical evaluation to establish a diagnosis and obtain recommendations for treatment of their condition. Installation process Split air conditioners are the commonly used ventilation system in office because there are comparatively cheap and easy to install. The installation of the split air conditioners is the most important and crucial part. If it is done properly your air conditioner will give you optimum performance, but if it is not done properly you won't get the desired cooling effect and there may be frequent maintenance problems. Most people hire a professional to install a split system air conditioner. However, if you have some experience with plumbing and electrical work, you can install the unit on your own. Each split system or ductless air conditioner is unique to its manufacturer, the below article will explains the general instructions for installing a split system air conditioner. Method 1 of 3: Install the Indoor Unit 1
- 5. 1.Select an unobstructed location on your interior wall to mount the indoor air conditioning unit. Avoid direct sunlight and heat sources. Avoid locations where gas may leak or where oil mist or sulphur exists. The indoor unit requires at least 6" (15 cm) of open space surrounding its top and sides. The unit should also be mounted at least 7 feet (2.13 m) above the ground. Install the unit at least 3.3 feet (1 m) away from antenna, power or connecting lines that are used for television, radio, home security systems, intercoms or telephones. The electrical noise from these sources could cause operational problems for your air conditioner. The wall should be strong enough to hold the unit's weight. You may need to construct a wood or metal frame to provide added support. 2.Secure the mounting plate to the interior wall. Hold the mounting plate against the wall where you want to install the indoor unit. Use a level to make sure the plate is both horizontally and vertically square. Drill holes into the wall at the appropriate spots to affix the plate to the wall. Insert plastic anchors into the holes. Secure the plate to the wall with tapping screws. 2
- 6. 3.Create a hole in the wall to fit the piping. Find the best spot for the hole to the exterior based on the opening in the mounting bracket. You should also consider the length of the pipe and the distance that it needs to travel to reach the outside unit. Drill a hole that is 3" (7.5 cm) in diameter through the wall. The hole should slope downward toward the exterior to ensure adequate drainage. Insert a flexible flange into the hole. 4.Check the electrical connections. Lift the unit’s front panel and remove the cover. Be sure the cable wires are connected to the screw terminals. Also, make sure that they match the diagram that comes with the unit. 3
- 7. 5.Connect the pipes. Run the piping from the indoor unit toward the hole drilled through the wall. Minimize bending to ensure that the unit performs well. Cut a length of PVC pipe 1/4" (6 millimeters) shorter than the length between your interior and exterior wall surfaces. Place the pipe cap on the interior end of the PVC pipe. Insert the pipe into the hole in the wall. Bind the copper pipes, the power cables and the drain pipe together with electrical tape. Place the drain pipe on the bottom to ensure a free flow of water. Secure the pipe to the indoor unit. Use 2 wrenches, working in opposite directions, to tighten the connection. Join the water drainage pipe to the indoor unit’s base. Run the bound pipes and cables through the hole in the wall. Make sure that the drainage pipe allows water to drain in an appropriate place. 4
- 8. 6 Secure the indoor unit to the mounting plate by pressing the unit against the mounting plate. Method 2 of 3: Install the Outdoor Condenser 1.Choose the best place to install the outdoor unit. The outdoor unit’s location needs to be away from any heavily trafficked or hot areas. 5
- 9. The outdoor unit needs 12" of space surrounding its perimeter to ensure proper functioning. 2.Lay the concrete pad on the ground and make sure that it is level. The pad should be high enough so that the condenser will sit above the level of winter snows. Set the outdoor condenser on top of the pad. Use rubber cushioning under the unit's feet to minimize vibration. Make sure that no antenna of a radio or television is within 10 feet (3 meters) of the outdoor condenser. 3.Connect the electrical wires. Remove the cover. Refer to the unit’s wiring diagram and make sure the cable wires are connected as the diagram suggests. Following the manufacturer's instructions for wiring is crucial. 6
- 10. Fasten the cables with a cable clamp and replace the cover. 4.Secure the pipes’ flare nuts to the corresponding pipes on the outdoor unit. Method 3 of 3: Complete the Split System Air Conditioner Installation 1.Bleed the air and humidity from the refrigerant circuit. Remove the caps from the 2-way and 3-way valves and from the service port. Connect a vacuum pump hose to the service port. 7
- 11. Turn the vacuum on until it reaches an absolute vacuum of 10mm Hg. Close the low pressure knob and then turn off the vacuum. Test all of the valves and joints for leaks. Disconnect the vacuum. Replace the service port and caps. 2.Wrap the joints of the piping with insulating covering and insulating tape. 3.Affix the piping to the wall with clamps. 8
- 12. 4.Seal up the hole in the wall using expanding polyurethane foam. Installation Challenges Coordinating the design and installation of TDDs with other trades, including structural, mechanical & electrical trades and interiors, works best early in the design process. Need to identify potential conflicts in new construction, but unknown conditions in walls and chaseways can make retrofits difficult. To ensure the integrity and warranty of the roofing system, the general contractor and roofing contractor should work together to tie the TDD flashing into the roof’s waterproofing system. Proper installation of manufacturer-supplied flashing systems and details can reduce the risk of water infiltration. Tubular daylighting devices provide astounding control of daylight from collection to diffusion. Though manufacturers are continually finessing their products, TDDs have made great strides in the quest to bring the outdoors inside. 9
- 13. Tubular daylighting device (TDD) are devices that you can use to get natural light into rooms that don't have access to windows or traditional skylights. They do this by collecting sunlight on the roof and channeling it through a highly-reflective tube into the room below. This daylighting solution is perfect for dark hallways, bathrooms, and kitchens. How to Install a Tubular Skylight There are six steps to installing your solar tube... Choose the Right Location Cut Out Ceiling and Roof Holes Install the Flashing Install the Tube Install the Dome Install the Diffuser Choose the Right Location Choosing the right location to install your skylight will go a long way in avoiding any potential installation problems and providing a better final result. Some key points to keep in mind... Choose a spot between ceiling joists and roof rafters (you want to avoiding cutting into your homes structural elements) Although elbow joints are available, for easier installation and higher light output, choose a location that will allow a straight run from the ceiling to the roof Make sure there are no electrical wires or other obstructions where you plan to install the skylight Cut Out Ceiling and Roof Holes Once you've finalized the location for your skylight, it's time to cut the holes in the ceiling and the roof. 10
- 14. From inside your room, push a nail through the ceiling at the center of where the diffuser will be From the attic, use a plumb line to find the spot directly above the nail that you pushed through the ceiling and drill a hole through the spot in the roof From inside your room, using a template or the ceiling ring, scribe a circle in the ceiling and cut out that portion using a drywall saw Install the ceiling ring From your roof, use a template or the flashing to scribe a circle centered on the hole you drilled earlier From your roof, use a reciprocating saw to cut out the section of the roof that you marked Install the Flashing Now that the roof hole is cut, you will need to install the flashing. Remove or cut any roofing nails from underneath the shingles around the top half of the hole Prepare the flashing for installation by caulking the underside of the flashing Insert the flashing underneath the shingles and tar paper at the slits you cut earlier, pushing it up until the shingles come in contact with the raised portion of the flashing Secure the flashing with the screws provided in the installation kit Install the Tube Once the flashing is installed, you're ready to build and install the tube. Measure the distance from the top of the flashing to the ceiling to determine how much tubing you will need Assemble the length of tubing needed Remove the protective film from inside the tubing Insert the pipe through the flashing until it is even with the ceiling ring Secure the tube to the ceiling ring and flashing with the screws provided in the installation kit Remove any excess tubing sticking out of the flashing by cutting it off using tin snips 11
- 15. Install the Dome Attach the dome to the flashing using the screws provided in the installation kit. Install the Diffuser Attach the diffuser and trim ring to the ceiling ring. These are the general steps for installing a tubular skylight. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) ENHANCEMENT SYSTEMS 1. Air Conditioner Air conditioner, or 'AC' in short, is a device to alter the properties of air, primarily temperature and humidity to a more comfortable condition. An air conditioner is considered as mechanical ventilation. Generally in construction terms, an air conditoner is referred to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), as opposed to the term 'AC'. The main function of an air conditioner is to distribute conditioned air within an enclosed space to improve thermal comfort. An air conditoner is commonly used to lower the air temperature of an enclosed space. 12
- 16. Most of the offices today have air conditioners installed in them. This is because most offices these days are high rised buildings and since the wind speed increases significally with altitude, natural ventilation is impractical for tall buildings. Therefore, installing air conditioners can overcome the ventilation problem. An air conditioner doesn't just provide a comfortable temperature in an enclosed space, but it also can control the humidity of the space. Since humans perspire to provide natural cooling by the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, drier air improves the comfort provided. The comfort air conditioner is designed to to create 50% to 60% relative humidity in the occupied space. It is very important the commercial buildings such as offices are provided with the appropriate type and size of HVAC system. If the HVAC system is not appropriate, it will not be able to keep the space cool and hence it will lower workers' productivity and customers and employees will feel uncomfortable. If the selected HVAC system is too large, it may allow uncomforatble humidity to build up, making the air feel clammy. There are six types of air conditioning systems that are available in the market with its distinct functions and the way it works. The six types of air conditioning systems are: Cooling Only Split-System Cooling Only Packaged-System Heat Pump Chilled Water System Window Air Conditioners Packaged Terminal Heat Pump An air conditioner works by pulling heat out of indoor air regardless of the size and height of the building. Generally, this is done by running a coolant or refrigerant through an HVAC system that includes a compressor, a condensor and an evaporator. As the coolant moves through the system, it is compressed from a gas to a liquid, cooled, and then converted back to a gas, pulling heat from the air at the same time. Other parts of the system move the cooled air through the entire building via ducts, blowers and fans. 13
- 17. Using the principles of expansion and compression of gas and liquid, there are different ways to cool commercial buildings depending on the climate, size of the space to be cooled and the age and type of the building. There are three main parts of a conventional HVAC system for office buildings, namely the refrigerants and cooling towers, compressors and air handlers/fan coils. Refrigerants and Cooling Tower Many large buildings have cooling towers that work in conjunction with the cooling system. It is common to use both a chemical refrigerant as a coolant that evaporates and also chilled water to lower the temperature of the coolant. Compressors Refrigerant enters the air conditioner’s compressor in the form of a cool gas, where it is compressed to a hot gas, and then moved over a series of coils that condense the gas to a liquid while dissipating the collected heat into the outside air. The cooler liquid is then forced through a small opening into another set of coils where it draws heat out of the air as it evaporates. Fans blow this cooler air into the room as the refrigerant, again a liquid, begins the loop again. Air Handlers/Fan Coils Diagram 1.1: An engineering drawing showing how an HVAC system works. 14
- 18. Air Handlers are key to the commercial HVAC system because they are the device that moves the cooled air throughout the building. This is accomplished by fans pushing the air through a series of ducts inside the walls, ceilings and floors. An efficient air handler will move significant amounts of air quickly throughout the building. 2. Daylighting System A daylighting system is a system used to allow natural daylight into a building. This system is very simple, as it only requires several openings with windows or glass panels in order to allow light to penetrate into the building. The term 'daylight' refers to ‘sunlight’; hence the purpose of the daylighting system is to allow sunlight to enter the building. Daylighting helps to create a visually stimulating and productive environment for building occupants, while reducing as much as one-third of total building energy costs, as it helps to save electricity. Daylighting can be used to Diagram 1.2: A detailed diagram on how an HVAC system works in a commercial building, showing the section of a building. 15
- 19. substitute electrical lighting during the day, which makes it very useful to be installed in commercial buildings such as offices. Therefore, daylighting is a good way to improve indoor environmental quality in offices. A daylighting system doesn't just comprise of daylight apertures, such as skylights and windows, but is coupled with a daylight-responsive lighting control system. In order to create an effective daylighting system, the location of the windows or skylight in the building must be designed in such a way as to avoid the admittance of direct sun on task surfaces or into occupants' eyes. Alternatively, suitable glare remediation devices such as blinds or shades must be made available. A daylighting system consists of systems, technologies, and architecture. While not all of these components are required for everyday daylighting system or design, one or more of the following are typically present: Daylight-optimized building footprint Climate-responsive window-to-wall area ratio High-performance glazing Daylighting-optimized fenestration design Skylights (passive or active) Tubular daylight devices Daylight redirection devices Solar shading devices Daylight-responsive electric lighting controls Daylight-optimized interior design (such as furniture design, space planning, and room surface finishes). 16
- 20. Most commercial buildings today are using tubular daylighting devices (TDD). A tubular daylighting device is an optical system that uses engineered duct-like tubes to carry light from roof openings deeper into buildings. Each device consists of a roof oculus that collects light, a tube lined with a specially engineered reflective surface, and an interior diffuser. The tubes range from 10 to 21 inches in diameter. This system relies on a simple high-school physics principle: A beam of light will bounce off a surface at the same angle of incidence at which it contacts it, so light captured at the top of a tube will move further down along the tube until it's purposefully redirected by a diffuser. TDDs is frequently capped with a transparent, roof-mounted dome that acts as the light collector and terminated with a diffuser that admits daylight into a building, enabling it to distribute event amount of light inside a building. TDDs are one of the most mechanically and operationally simple advanced daylighting technologies. While TDDs are one of the most common daylighting systems used in commercial buildings, TDDs may cost more than other types of daylighting systems. Alternatively, a traditional type of daylighting system, called horizontal systems may be used for a commercial building. Horizontal systems use rows of transom-level wall-mounted panels to harvest light from the sides of a building and deliver it horizontally to adjacent floors in much the same way that an exterior air-handling unit distributes fresh air through a building. The technology uses specially shaped Fresnel lenses, which are powerful but shallow, to collect and concentrate sunlight from oblique angles. Light captured by the wall panel is thus Diagram 2.1: A cross- sectional area showing light penetrating through a tubular daylighting device Diagram 2.2: A photo of an actual tubular daylighting device that protrudes out of the roof to collect sunlight. 17
- 21. increased by a factor of 10, and then sent through a network of fanning reflective light pipes into horizontal above-ceiling ducts, and finally delivered to room diffusers. Out of most of the daylighting systems available, the horizontal system resembles a conventional mechanical heating and ventilation system, carrying light from one point to different parts of a building through a network of duct- like passages. Diagram 2.3: An illustration of a horizontal daylighting system. 18
- 22. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Indoor Environmental Quality The evidence that improving indoor environmental quality (IEQ) can increase comfort, decrease adverse health effects, decrease absence rates, and increase work and school work performance. This section provides estimates at the national level of some of the benefits and costs of taking practical steps to improve indoor environmental conditions in Malaysia buildings. The estimates account for the existing IEQ conditions in buildings that are subject to practical improvement, the expected size of improvements in health, absence, and performance when IEQ is improved, and (when possible) the costs of improving IEQ. Besides, increase in ventilation rate. When the rate of outdoor air supply (ventilation rate) is increased, the indoor air concentrations of many pollutants emitted from sources inside the building are diminished. Moreover, indoor temperature can be control to comfort us better. The Thermal Comfort Standard of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) defines thermal comfort zones for winter and summer within which a majority of people are thermally comfortable. Many buildings are operated with the goal of maintaining temperatures within these comfort zones. As discussed in the section of this web site on performance and productivity indoor temperatures also affect performance of office work, and performance is maximized with a temperature of approximately 21 °C to 23 °C. In offices, a large study indicates that as temperatures in the winter decrease below 23 °C, sick building syndrome symptoms diminish. Taken together, this evidence indicates an opportunity to improve overall thermal comfort, increase work performance slightly, and decrease sick building syndrome symptoms by avoiding winter work-time temperatures greater than approximately 23 °C in U.S. offices. In the other hand, where the indoor environment quality(IEQ) also bring some disadvantages to us during maintaining it in office or healthcare. Firstly, cost of building of IEQ is very high. This is because the needed of specific design and materials are required to complete for IEQ. Engineer and Architect need to work out very hard to design and build. Next, maintenances are usually needed to maintain there is no malfunction part of IEQ in a office/healthcare. Lastly, special materials are always needed to construct IEQ where the materials are not easily found in our country . 19
- 23. Problem and Recommendations There are a lot of people complaints about their working place such as office, the indoor environmental quality is not good, and the quality of the air is very bad. The problems of indoor environmental quality is not necessarily from the quality of the air, it can be other factors too, such as noise, lightning, ergonomic stressors, job-related psychosocial stressors can, and etc., individually and in combination, these factors is also the reason of the people to complaint. Thermal comfort triggers many complaints about "poor air quality". Although the comfort of every occupant cannot be satisfied at all times, but the temperature and moisture are among many reasons that affect indoor contaminant level. One of the problems that cause indoor environmental quality is about office operations. Sometimes the office set-ups anticipated to diminish short-term costs can cause the problem. The occupants that lack of use of walk-off rugs at entrances may increase the amount of soils tracked into office. Low-bid custodial accommodations that use ineffective equipment and astringent chemicals may result in cleaning practices that fail to accumulate and abstract soils and contaminants, and that may genuinely increase the load of volatile organic chemicals in the office The modifications of operation and maintenance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC) can have negative effects in the air quality, such as reducing the flow of alfresco ventilation air, shutting down HVAC systems during untenanted periods, and culling the least sumptuous and least efficient panel filters. Efficacious design and manufacture of office to promote salubrious environments is vital. An opportunely designed and constructed office shell (roof, walls and substratum) isolates and insulates the indoors from the alfresco. It keeps alfresco contaminants such as dusts, liquid dihydrogen monoxide, sultriness, air pollution and pests from entering the office. The interior forfend by the insulation in the office shell from temperature extremes. There are some good designed will help to provide clean alfresco air, modify and control indoor temperature and sultriness, such as designed of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), and dilute common pollution from people, activities, furnishings, etc. Additionally, HVAC systems maintain correct air pressure relationships between indoors and alfresco, as well as abstracting pollutants by 20
- 24. utilizing local exhaust ventilation from point sources such as fuel-burning appliances, bathrooms, kitchens and habiliments dryers The occurrence of quandaries with the indoor environment can be reducing through efficacious, prompt and preventive maintenance. The conspicuous malfunctions or conspicuous contamination, and serviced to ascertain congruous airflow, temperature, sultriness and air balance should be checked by HVAC system. Conscientious management of custodial, pest control, building engineering and maintenance activities will additionally avail to avert quandaries. The indoor environment can also affect by renovation and remodeling. We can select new building materials that emit lower calibers of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and that are environmentally amicable when designing renovation or remodeling projects. Vicissitudes in floor plans, such as moving walls or vicissitudes in the number and distribution of people, may diverge from intended design and operation of HVAC systems. It shows that the modification to HVAC system may be required. From the ventilation systems accommodating the work areas, the scheduling work such as painting during unoccupied periods, airing out carpets afore installation, and isolating the rest of the building may be can reduced in short-term quandaries. Generally, the most cost-efficacious solution to IEQ quandaries is pollutant source control. Enjoining tobacco smoking in the office has been eliminated by the complaints. The clean outdoor air may additionally avail to resolve complaints by diluting contaminants because of the maintenance of modifications to ventilation systems. Isolate sources can avail by transmuting air pressure relationships. Decent filtration may avail avert outside pollution such as pollen from entering the office. Occupants should not be deterred from reporting unorthodox odors, discomfort or other vicissitudes in the building. These may be early designations of maintenance quandaries that need to be concentrated. Lastly, the employees should minimize the utilization of perfumes or colognes or engaging in other activities such as cooking fragrant foods in microwave ovens that may trigger a co-worker's discomfort. Chemical formulations should be use only where dedicated ventilation is provided and should be used it cautiously. Since that disrupts congruous commixing and distribution of air, the air supply diffusers should not be blocked or taped closed. 21
- 25. Case study: Indoor environmental conditions In 2004, Cornell University’s ergonomics professor Dr. Alan Hedge conducted a study at Insurance Office of America’s headquarters in Orlando. The purpose of the study was to investigate the link between changes in physical environmental conditions and changes in work performance. Hedge explain that “temperature is certainly a key variable that can impact performance”. Alan Hedge determined that workers are more efficient when they’re warm. Methods In this study, Hedge and his team carefully tracked the productivity of nine workers working in the insurance office. Their workstations were equipped with air samplers that recorded the temperature every 15 minutes. Productivity was tracked by software that measured their typing speed and errors for 20 consecutive days. Results Alan hedge and his team found that the workers were significantly more productive when their office was kept at a warmer temperature. When the office temperature at 77° F (25°C), the workers were keying 100% of the time with a 10% error rate, while the office temperature at 68° F (20° C) the keying rate went down to 54% of the time with a 25% error rate. The results of study also suggest raising the temperature to a more comfortable thermal zone saves employers about $2 per worker, per hour,” says Hedge. Overall, Hedge and his team estimated that companies could save up to 12.5% of their wage costs per worker by raising the temperature a few degrees As a result, it show clear associations between office work performance and indoor environmental conditions. The performance of workers will decrease when it is too cold (or too hot). Temperature at a more comfortable thermal zone will improve performance of workers. Temperature and Performance 22
- 26. Case Study 2: Impact of Daylight A study from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine found that office that had a window will give a much better sense of health to the workers. The purpose of this study is to understanding the impact of light on office workers. Methods A total of 49 participants were examined. 27 of them worked in windowless offices and another 22 were worked near windows. Workers with windows received 173% more white light exposure during work hours. These were people who worked a typical day shift and the participants were not told about the specific objectives of the study. Results This study found that workers with windows in the workplace slept an average of 46 minutes more per night than employees who did not have the natural light exposure in workplace. Workers in office with a window also trended to have more physical activity than those without windows, Workers without windows had more sleep disturbances. People who without sleep tend to suffer from problems that could affect their performance at work such as memory loss, slower psychomotor reflexes, depression and shorter attention spans. Lack of sleep could lead to more workplace accidents and errors. As a result, daylight can improve office workers productivity and health, as well as the safety of the community they work and live in. 23
- 27. Learning Outcome Throughout this assignment, we have learned about the importance of indoor environment quality to occupants in the building. There are several factors could affect the IEQ such as the lighting, air quality, and damp conditions and how do they affect the comfortableness of the occupants. The heat ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) plays an important role in controlling the air quality as it manages the temperature and air movement of indoor. It is essential that as it could provide the occupants a desired temperature and ventilation when the building is lack of natural ventilation. As the enclosed place is ventilated, it could prevent the saturation of microorganism. Hence, it maintains a healthy surrounding for the people. Besides, we also learned about the day lighting system which is a system that allows natural light to travel into the building. This would provide a natural, comfortable energy saving and productive environment to the building occupants. An optimum amount of natural sunlight could help increasing the alertness of the occupants. Therefore, it enhances the IEQ of the working place. Other than that, we also understand the installation process and the selection of the components according to the building specifications. For an example, a building with high amount of occupants would require a greater HVAC system to provide desired ventilation. IEQ of the building is able to achieve a healthy and comfort zone with the suitable uses of the HVAC and natural lighting system. We learnt about the advantages and disadvantages of the every type of systems and able to select the most suitable system to provide the maximum indoor environment quality according to the building’s nature. A bad indoor environment could result in poor air quality and may causes sick building syndrome to the occupants. All in all, indoor environment quality is essential to maintain the health and productivity of the occupants. The components that maintain indoor environment quality shall be regularly maintained and take care in the building. 24
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- 29. 11.http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/commercial/hvac.htm 12. https://www.wbdg.org/design/ieq.php 13. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/minds-business/cold-offices- linked-to-lower-productivity.html 14. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/14/health/daylight-office-workers/ 15. http://www.floormat.com/heated-mats/heat-and-productivity.html 16. http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/08/natural-light-in-the-office- boosts-health.html 17. Greeno, R., 2000. Building Services, Technology and Design. Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Limited 26