Industrial training report

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DELHI INSTITUTE OF TOOL ENGINEERING
Govt. of NCT, Delhi
Center of Excellence in Tool Engineering
(Affiliated To GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY)
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
PROJECT “Gear Train Design”
AT
Skyfi Labs
Period: 5th May 2020 to 15th July 2020
(Including other webinars)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
For the award of degree of
Bachelor of technology
In
MECHATRONICS
Submitted To: - ABC Mam Submitted By: - ABC
Roll No: - 483656864886
Semester: - ()th sem

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DECLARATION
I, ABC, Student of Btech (branch name) declare that the project titled “Gear
Train Design” which is submitted by me to the Department of (branch name)
Engineering, (college name), affiliated to(University name).
Date: 8th Jan. 2021
ABC
(B.Tech (branch name)), ()th Sem.)

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UNDERTAKING BY STUDENT
(Attach here as given by your college/university)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my profound gratitude to the almighty with those grace and
blessing, I have been able to complete another chapter of my life.
I would like to give thanks to Head of Department of Mechatronics Mr. xyz sir,
for giving me the opportunity for training in Mechanical Engineering field which
not only has increased my awareness about latest fields but also taught me the
importance of team building.
I would like to extend my appreciation to DITE innovation supervisor Mrs abc
mam advises and patiently guiding me through while I was doing my trainee.
I learnt a lot of valuable things while learning in SKYFI LABS. I will also like to
thank the other working staff teachers at SKYFI LABS for taking keen interest in
my project and giving valuable suggestions and helping me directly or indirectly
to complete this project.
Finally I would like to express my special thanks to my family for helping me in
all aspects and appreciate me to spend my all time in the workplace during my
training period.

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CERTIFICATE
(Attach your certificate here)

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ABSTRACT
This project “GEAR TRAIN DESIGN” aims to provide interactive platform to the
students to learn and grow. The software “Autodesk Inventor” will help students
in accessing their learning and implementing capabilities. The product will help
the user to work in a highly effective and efficient environment. Students only
need the will to learn and a good specification laptop. This software also has
tutorials which can be accessed further in future. This software helps you design
complex mechanical components which can be manufactured in industries and
can be applied in real life applications. This software provide the students with
the scope of improvement. This software also generates the final result and
provides facilities like Part, Assembly, Drawing and Presentation. The project
“Gear Train design” is developed with the objective of making the system reliable,
easier, fast, and more informative.

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CONTENTS
1. DECLARATION 2
2. UNDERTKING BY STUDENT 3
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
4. CERTIFICATE 5
5. ABSTRACT 6
6. CONTENTS 7
7. INTRODUCTION 8
8. TEAM 9
9. SKYFI LABS: LIMCA BOOK OF RECORDS 10
10.INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 11
11.OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 12
12.HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 13
13.GEAR TRAIN DESIGN USING AUTODESK INVENTOR 14
14.INTRODUCTION TO AUTODESK INVENTOR 15
15.DESIGN THE BEARING HOUSING 17
16.DESIGN OF SPUR GEAR 18
17.DESIGN OF GEAR SHAFTS 19
18.DESIGN OF KEYS 20
19.DESIGN THE BEARINGS FOR THE GEAR TRAIN 21
20.ASSEMBLE THE BEARING HOUSING TO GEAR TRAIN 22
21.MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE 23
22.GEAR TRAIN APPLICATIONS 24
23.YOUTUBE LINKS 25
24.ADDITIONAL SKILLS YOU REQUIRE 26
25.WEBINARS ATTENDED 29
26.CONCLUSION 35
27.BIBLIOGRAPHY 36

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INTRODUCTION
Skyfi Labs help students all over the world develop practical skills.
The curriculum in schools and colleges does not allow students to develop the much
needed practical exposure. Skyfi Labs helps students overcome this challenge and
develop these practical skills very easily.
Students can enrol in online courses, receive kit(s)/ software tools at their doorstep
and build projects.
Skyfi Labs platform helps students to pick projects of their interest and build real
working projects from their homes via online courses or directly from experts by
joining classroom programs.
Through such project building experience, students will learn to solve real problems
by applying technology - and become much better engineers.

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TEAM
(About the group members or mentors who organised the project )

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Skyfi Labs : Limca Book of Records

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INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
This project makes you learn how to design a gear train using a well-known
software called ‘Autodesk Inventor’. Since this is typically a heavy software it
requires a good specification desktop/laptop to run on it smoothly. Many
mechanical components can be designed using this software. With the
advancement in technology the competition specifically in the field of
mechanical engineering has risen tremendously. First we have to get in touch
with this software by going through all the options available. Then we level up
by designing simple mechanical components and at last we sum up all and
designed a Gear Train. A gear train consists of two or more gears transmitting
power from the driving shaft to the driven shaft.
A Simple Gear Train

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OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
1. The objective of this project is to make student enhance his/her skills in the field of
mechatronics.
2. Solve everyday life problems related to designing by simply working on a software.
The project will also save your wok for future use and can be modified easily.
3. This training is user-friendly. One can learn anytime and anywhere without any
difficulty.
4. By designing components one can also present his/her work to various industries for
the purpose of recruitment and also in research and development department.
5. The chance of mistake in designing any mechanical component is considerably low.
Although it depends on the skills of the user who is working on this software.
6. No rocket science is needed to design any component on this software. A basic
knowledge to use this software and skills of mechanical engineering are enough to
work on it.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:-
 PROCESSOR : minimum intel core i5 10th generation and above
 RAM : Upto 8GB RAM
 Ssd/HDD storage
 Keyboard & Mouse
 MONITOR : Prefer minimum 15’’ screen
2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-
 Operating System : Windows 7/10
 Autodesk Inventor

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GEAR TRAIN DESIGN USING AUTODESK INVENTOR
 These are the contents that I have followed throughout my
training. At first it is important to learn the basics which will be the
building steps in the design of gear train.
 Design of gear train requires specification of keys, shafts, bearings,
type of gear being used and its various terminologies.

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INTRODUCTION TO AUTODESK INVENTOR
 Autodesk Inventor is 3D mechanical solid modelling design software
developed by Autodesk in 1999 to create 3D digital prototypes.
 It evolved from an Autodesk 3D parametric tool called Designer. Early
development was code-named Mustang.
 The product was one of the most intuitive design applications at the time
and offered some ground-breaking features for adaptive geometric
editing.
 Autodesk Inventor can be used for mechanical design, product simulation,
and tooling creation.

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 This is the interface of the ‘Part’ section where we can sketch the
components.
 Here we can select the different x-y-z plane to sketch and can assign
constraints, dimensions and much more in this section.
 2D sketch places a sketch icon in the browser. Use the commands on the
sketch tab to create curves for a profile or path.
 You can import image files, points from an excel spreadsheet or 2D
AutoCAD data into the sketch.
 Finally you can develop the 3D sketch of your component and process it
further for assembly.

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DESIGN THE BEARING HOUSING
 A bearing housing is also known as a pillow block or a Plummer block. It is mounted
on a roller bearing or plain bearing or any other bearing type to provide support for a
rotating shaft with the mounting surface on a parallel line with the shaft axis.
 The first step is to assign units to your drawing. Click on the tools tab. Click on
document settings option. Then click on units tab, change the length from inches to
millimetres, time to seconds and mass to kilograms. Click OK.
 Now select start 2D sketch.
 The above sketch has been drawn on YZ plane.
 Different constraints and dimensions has been assigned while drawing the sketch.
 We can also use Fillet option to round off the top corners of the housing.

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DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS
 Spur gears are a type of cylindrical gear, with shafts that are parallel and coplanar,
and teeth that are straight and oriented parallel to the shafts. They’re arguably the
simplest and most common type of gear – easy to manufacture and suitable for a
wide range of applications.
 Here,
gear ratio is taken as 2.00
Module as 6 mm
Center distance as 180 mm
Number of teeth on gear 1 and gear 2 as 20, 40
Pressure angle as 20.0000 degree
Face width as 50.00 mm

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DESIGN OF GEAR SHAFTS
 A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used
to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces
power to a machine which absorbs power.
 The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required,
an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is used.
Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and finished to size by cold
drawing or turning and grinding.
 The maximum permissible (design) stresses in bending (tension or compression) may
be taken as:
1. 112 N/mm2 for shafts with allowance for keyways.
2. 84 N/mm2 for shafts without allowance for keyways.
The maximum permissible (design) shear stresses may be taken as:
1. 56 N/mm2 for shafts with allowance for keyways.
2. 42 N/mm2 for shafts without allowance for keyways.

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DESIGN OF KEYS
 In mechanical engineering, a key is a machine element used to connect a rotating
machine element to a shaft.
 The key prevents relative rotation between the two parts and may enable torque
transmission.
 For a key to function, the shaft and rotating machine element must have a keyway
and a key seat, which is a slot and pocket in which the key fits.
 The whole system is called a keyed joint. A keyed joint may allow relative axial
movement between the parts.
 Commonly keyed components include gears, pulleys, couplings, and washer.
 There are five main types of keys: sunk, saddle, tangent, round, and spline.
 Keyseating is the creation of the slots in the mating items. Keyseating can be done on
a variety of different machines including a broach, a keyseater, wire-cut EDM, a
shaper or vertical slotting machine, either a vertical or horizontal mill, or with a chisel
and file.

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DESIGN THE BEARINGS FOR THE GEAR TRAIN
 A gear bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing similar to an epicyclic gear.
 Gear bearings consist of a number of smaller 'satellite' gears which revolve around
the center of the bearing along a track on the outsides of the internal and satellite
gears, and on the inside of the external gear.
 Each gear is in between two concentric rings. Therefore, the widths of the satellite
gears must all be the same.
Advantages
 Simplicity of implementation (as bearing cages, carriers, simplified suspension, and
mounting systems are not necessary)
 Increased efficiency due to decreased sliding friction losses
 May require fewer satellite gears, as their orbital motion is prescribed by gear
engagement
Disadvantages
 Anti-friction materials or coatings may be necessary because lubricants may be
difficult to apply, especially in measuring instruments
 High standards of quality for manufacturing and assembling

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ASSEMBLE THE BEARING HOUSING TO GEAR TRAIN
 This is the last stage of gear train design where all the components like bearing
housing, spur gears with keys and shafts, bearings has been assembled.
 So, a Gear Train is a mechanical system formed by mounting gears on a frame so the
teeth of the gears engage.
 Gear teeth are designed to ensure the pitch circles of engaging gears roll on each
other without slipping, providing a smooth transmission of rotation from one gear to
the next.
The following are some of its applications:
 It is used in the gear box of automobiles.
 It's used in lathe machines and heavy duty press machines.
 It's also used in many AWD (All Wheel Drive) off-roading vehicles where we need to
switch to RWD (Rear Wheel Drive) or FWD( Front Wheel Drive) as a differential.

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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
 Gear teeth are designed so the number of teeth on a gear is proportional to the
radius of its pitch circle, and so the pitch circles of meshing gears roll on each other
without slipping.
 The speed ratio for a pair of meshing gears can be computed from ratio of the radii of
the pitch circles and the ratio of the number of teeth on each gear.
 Two meshing gears transmit rotational motion.
 The velocity v of the point of contact on the pitch circles is the same on both gears,
and is given by
 where input gear A with radius rA and angular velocity ωA meshes with output
gear B with radius rB and angular velocity ωB. Therefore,
 where NA is the number of teeth on the input gear and NB is the number of teeth on
the output gear.
 The mechanical advantage of a pair of meshing gears for which the input gear
has NA teeth and the output gear has NB teeth is given by
 This shows that if the output gear GB has more teeth than the input gear GA, then
the gear train amplifies the input torque. And, if the output gear has fewer teeth
than the input gear, then the gear train reduces the input torque.

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GEAR TRAIN APPLICATIONS
Planetary or epicyclic gear
train
It is a type of gear train in which at
least axis of one of the
participating gear’s shafts rotates
with respect to other’s
Compound Gear Train
Compound gear train has variable
gears in one shaft. It is basically a
giant simple gear compressed into a
smaller one. The way this works is
that you put a small gear on a shaft
and you mesh that with a big gear
that is on another shaft that also has
a small gear which gets meshed to
another big gear on a third shaft and
so on

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YOUTUBE LINKS
I have also made youtube videos of this project which can provide you a brief
understanding of this project. The links are as follows:
1. Gear Train design
https://youtu.be/yZfsw3qYESI?list=PLukmaX8SRBCq07104PS21l5UXpVeUc2O6
2. Bearing Housing (Plummer Block)
https://youtu.be/qNRt6ox00HM?list=PLukmaX8SRBCq07104PS21l5UXpVeUc2O6
3. Spur Gear Design
https://youtu.be/RCoTTBhFOzE?list=PLukmaX8SRBCq07104PS21l5UXpVeUc2O6
4. Design of Shafts of Spur Gears
https://youtu.be/jxH4J6BP1eI?list=PLukmaX8SRBCq07104PS21l5UXpVeUc2O6
5. Design of Keys of Spur Gears
https://youtu.be/NbcUspf1RBM?list=PLukmaX8SRBCq07104PS21l5UXpVeUc2O6

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ADDITIONAL SKILLS REQUIRED
 There are various additional skills that you must have in the field of application of
Gear Trains. You must know various specifications of gears so that you are aware of
the rating of various components. For business purposes a brief knowledge of the
material, types and operating conditions and most specifically the cost in trends of
gears is quite important. For this you must have brief knowledge about MS Excel
where you can periodically do data entry and keep a list of various specifications of
gears and their trends over time.
 (certificate)
(certificate)
 One must also have good marketing skills so that the you can sell your designs that
are made in Autodesk Software to Tech and manufacturing industries.
 I have successfully completed a course on ‘The Fundamentals of Digital Marketing’
from Google as shown above.
 So this is also an important skill that one must have in order to have your dominance
in industries in this competing era of life.

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WEBINARS ATTENDED
(certificate)
 Augmented reality (AR) adds digital elements to a live view often by using the
camera on a smartphone. Examples of augmented reality experiences include Snap
chat lenses and the game Pokémon Go.
 Virtual reality (VR) implies a complete immersion experience that shuts out the
physical world. Using VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or Google Cardboard,
users can be transported into a number of real-world and imagined environments
such as the middle of a squawking penguin colony or even the back of a dragon.

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(certificate)
 Drones are more formally known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned
aircraft systems (UASes). Essentially, a drone is a flying robot that can be remotely
controlled or fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in
their embedded systems, working in conjunction with onboard sensors and GPS.
 The use of drones outside the military has grown tremendously over the past decade.
Beyond surveillance and delivery applications, UAVs are used in drone journalism,
search and rescue, disaster response, asset protection, wildlife monitoring,
firefighting, communications relay, healthcare and agriculture.
 Growth in commercial and personal drones has also created safety concerns, namely
midair collisions and loss of drone control. Specific concerns about drones flying too
close to commercial aircraft have prompted calls for regulation.
(certificate)
 Special thanks to Harvard Medical School for providing an enduring material in the
residency and fellowship training with a brief understanding as well as quality
information to become a board certified clinical specialist to focus on a subspecialty
area of clinical practice, education, or research.
(certificate)
 A brief knowledge about some respiratory viruses and methods for detection and its
prevention is very important because everyone knows, ‘Prevention is better than
cure’.

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 WHO provides a wide range of productive and quality information on various
diseases and also its prevention.
 To get a brief idea of any type of disease and its precautions, visit this website:
https://www.who.int/
(certificate)
 POSHAN Abhiyaan is a multi-ministerial convergence mission with the vision to
ensure attainment of malnutrition free India by 2022.
 the objective of POSHAN Abhiyaan to reduce stunting in identified Districts of India
with the highest malnutrition burden by improving utilization of key Anganwadi
Services and improving the quality of Anganwadi Services delivery.
 The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) is implementing POSHAN
Abhiyaan in 315 Districts in first year, 235 Districts in second year and remaining
districts will be covered in the third year.
(certificate)
 Pre placement talk or PPT is a formal and informal meeting arranged by the
company, in order to meet and learn more about the fresh yet-to-join employees as
well as introduce them to the company, their rules, and regulations, code of conduct.
 This is quite an interactive event, involving two-way communication between the
company’s presenter and the aspiring employees. The employees also get an idea

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regarding whether the company’s offerings are up to the benchmark of their
requirements or no.
 Pre placement talks help the company to project itself in the most positive and
progressive light, to be able to ascertain, approximately though, as to how many
candidates are really interested in the company, and also, if anyone fails to get
recruited, to ensure that given a chance, they would come back.
CONCLUSION
 After undergoing a 10 weeks of industrial training at Skyfi Labs and attending various
webinars provided a brief knowledge that can be acquired and can be understood
altogether on how this firm plays an important role in industrial field, especially in
Quantity Surveying.
 Exposure that have been given to me by Skyfi Labs staff about the working and
technical aspect is a very meaningful knowledge to me in order to prepare myself
before stepping into the real work environment on the upcoming days.
 This project cover very much every function needed by user in supermarket
management system.
 Lastly, students involvement in industrial training like this can prove and further
strengthen student's identity in undergoing training in technical field.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.www.google.co.in
2.Skyfilabs.com
3.Design of Machine Elements by V B Bhandari
4.Encyclopedia[gears,keys,shafts,bearings]

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