Infection
Download as PPTX, PDF•3 likes•671 views
The document discusses various aspects of infection control and safety in a healthcare setting. It defines infection and different types of infections. It outlines the chain of infection and methods for controlling reservoirs and transmission of pathogens like cleansing, asepsis, disinfection and sterilization. It also discusses personal protective equipment, biomedical waste management categories, sharps safety, and various measures to ensure patient and staff safety in the physical environment.
Infection
- 2. An infection is the entry and multiplication of an infectious agent on the tissue of host. If the infection fails to cause injury to cell ore tissue. Then infection is asymptomatic. If the pathogen multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms, then it is symptomatic. If the infectious disease can be transmitted from one person to another then it is a communicable disease.
- 4. CHAIN OF INFECTION PATHOGEN RESERVOIR PORTAL OF EXIT MODE OF TRANSMISSION PORTAL OF ENTRY SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
- 5. 1) CONTROL OR ELIMINATION OF RESERVOIR: Cleansing. Asepsis Disinfection Sterilization
- 7. MEDICAL ASEPSIS SURGICAL ASEPSIS
- 9. CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION TYPE OF NUMBER OF PATHOGEN TEMPERATURE OF ENVIRONMENT SURFACE AREA TO TREAT PRESENCE OF SOAP PRESENCE OF ORGANIC MATERIAL
- 11. PHYSICAL METHOD SUNLIGHT HEAT FILTERATION RADIATION
- 12. CHEMICAL METHOD ALCOHOLS ALDEHYDES PHENOLS HALOGENS OXYDIZING AGENTS SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS DYES GASES
- 15. The nurse follow prevention and control practices to minimize or to prevent organism from existing the body. A nurse who has an upper respiratory tract infection and continue to work client should wear mask and attention to hand washing.
- 18. Nurse should educate client that Sharing bed pans, urinals, basins, eating utensils can lead to transmission if infection. Prevent infection through indirect contact, soiled items and equipment must be kept away from touching nurses clothing. Clarify the dirty linen in the arm against the uniform Laundry hamper should be replaced before they over flow. The most important technique in preventing and controlling transmission of infection is HAND HYGEINE
- 19. The use of alcohol-based water less antiseptic. Wash hands with the plain soap or antimicrobial soap and water when hands are visibly dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol based waterless antiseptic agent. After contact with a client intact skin. When moving from a contaminated body site during client care, after contact. Before caring for client with severe neutropenia or other forms of severe immune suppression. Before inserting indwelling urinary catheter or other invasive devices. After removing gloves.
- 24. Maintaining integrity of skin and mucous membrane Turning and positioning Oral hygiene After elimination , women should clean anus and premium by weeping from the urinary meatus towards the anus. Drainage receptacles should only be opened when it is necessary. The surgical wound the should be clean outward from a wound site.
- 26. The nurses also protects himself or herself and others through the use of isolation precautions. Isolation precautions Protective environment. Specimen collection. Routine cleaning Surgical asepsis Performing sterile procedures Gloving.
- 27. Research article 1: Assessment of infection control practices for interventional techniques: a best evidence synthesis of safe injection practices and use of single-dose medication vials. Source: Pain Management Center of Paducah, Paducah, KY, and University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Physicians of Newark, Newark, DE, and Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
- 28. Objectives: To critically appraise and synthesize the literature on infection control practices for interventional techniques, including safe injection and medication vial utilization. Result: A total of 60 reports met inclusion criteria, There is good evidence that contamination of multi-dose or single-dose vials can contribute to infection. There was poor evidence that the use of single-dose vials on multiple patients with appropriate infection control practices cause infection.
- 29. Conclusion: There is good evidence that any breach of sterile practice may result in serious and life threatening infections.
- 31. Safety of a patient is defined as a state of health of health of patient where he/ she is protected from any kind of potential injury or infection.
- 32. To prevent the transmission of disease from patient to patient, from patient to nurses, health care workers and vice-versa. To prevent injury to nurses while handling the waste. To prevent general exposure to the harmful toxic effects of the cytoxic, genotoxic, chemical biomedical waste as much as possible.
- 33. Meeting safety need is essential as it: Facilitates physical well being. Promotes physical and psychological comfort. Helps in adjustment and adaptation in a hospital. Contributes to therapeutic effectiveness. Relieves anxiety. Protects the patient from potential risk of injury. Enhances resistance to infection. Improves ability to carry out normal daily activities.
- 34. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PERSONAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- 35. Preventing mechanical injuries Preventing shocks and burns from electrical fixtures. Prevention of fire. Protection from chemical injury.
- 36. •SEGREGATION •COLLECTION •TRANSPORTATION OF HOSPITAL WASTE TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE
- 37. CATEGORY CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 4 CAT 5 WASTE HUMAN ANATOMICAL WASTE ANIMAL WASTE MICRO & BIOTEC. WASTE SHARP WASTE DISCARDED WASTE AND CYTOTOXIN WASTE
- 38. CATEGORY CAT6 CAT 7 CAT 8 CAT 9 CAT 10 WASTE SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE LIQUID WASTE INCINERATION WASTE CHEMICAL WASTE
- 39. CATEGORY HUMAN ANAT. WASTE ANIMAL WASTE SOLID WASTE MICRO& BIOTEC. WASTE CONTAINER PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC BAG COLOUR YEYELLOW YYELLOW YELLOW YELLO/RED
- 40. CATEGORY DISCARDED MEDICINE INCINERATION WASTE CHEMICAL WASTE SHARP WASTE SOLID CONTAINER PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC BAG PLASTIC PUNCTUR PROOF BAG COLOUR BLACK BLACK BLACK BLUE/WHOTE TRANSLUCENT
- 42. Goggles Mask Gown Shoe covers Gloves
- 43. Special precaution are needed if the sharps are infected with HIV or hepatitis B cases. Clean the wound immediately. An injection of TT is advisable. Dressing of wound may be required. Consult the physician . In case infectious solution is spilled on the body: Remove the soiled and wash the part thoroughly with plenty of water. Apply in non-irritant antiseptic cream. In case of spilling in eyes, was it with water. Consult the physician.
- 44. Post exposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs(combination of 2-3 drugs) is advisable to nurses or health care workers, within two hours of exposure guidelines of national Aids control organization.
- 45. Use railing or guards on windows and beds. Keep floor dry and floor covering fixed firmly. Hold stretchers and wheel chairs securely while assisting patient and lock the wheel an the use co-workers. Ensure regular checking of equipment’s for its safe and working condition. Maintain principals of body mechanism. Restrict smoking in the patient’s unit/hospital.
- 46. Drugs should be measured accurately before administration to prevent toxicity and discard the drugs for which the expiry date is over. Radiation equipment should be handled with and operated by trained operators. Watch for signs and symptoms of radiation injury and report them promptly. Label the radiation exposure area as hazardous. Restrict entry of patient and visitors to the areas. Hand washing before and after care of each patient is important
- 47. Careful and regular monitoring of electrical and gadgets is important to prevent accidents. Repair and report electrical equipment’s, safe guard inflammable liquids and gases etc., or recharge fire extinguishers. Practice good house keeping and maintenance in terms of regular care of article. Keep chemicals in separate cupboard, well labelled, under lock and key. keep the hazardous chemical not in the medicine cupboard. Use the chemicals at bed side with caution.
- 48. Infectious patient should be kept under isolation. Use of effective techniques for disinfection and sterilization. E.g. boiling, autoclaving etc. Identifies allergen for individual patients by testing for their allergies and accordingly their treatment and prevention may be carried out. Ensure regular and frequent spray of insecticide and pesticides and use mosquito repellents. Eg. DDT, spray, etc.