Information literacy
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This document provides an overview of information literacy and resources available through the Capital University Library. It discusses key concepts like determining information needs, searching strategies, evaluating sources, and citing sources properly. Library resources like OneSearch, databases, reference librarians, and subject guides are presented to help students develop lifelong independent learning skills.
![FAKE NEWS, CLICKBAIT, AND
TRUTHINESS
From Stanford History Education Group, “Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic Online Learning”, 11/22/2016,
https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf
Compounding the issue of already too much information is that a lot of it
is distorted, misleading, or just patently false.
Many online media outlets lack the traditional editorial mechanisms that
undergird journalistic ethics and professionalism.
Improved website design makes it difficult to tell real news from the fake.
The study looked at students at 3 levels – middle school, high school, and
college – and assessed their ability to evaluate information sources.
Described the results as “dismaying,” “bleak,” and “[a] threat to
democracy.”
College students, for instance, on average could not “look beyond a .org
URL and ask who’s behind a site that presents only one side of a
contentious issue.”
From the Executive Summary: “Never have we had so much information at our
fingertips. Whether this bounty will make us smarter and better informed or more
ignorant and narrow-minded will depend on our awareness of this problem and our
educational response to it. At present, we worry that democracy is threatened by the
ease at which disinformation about civic issues is allowed to spread and flourish.”
STANFORD STUDY – EVALUATING INFORMATION: THE
CORNERSTONE OF CIVIC ONLINE REASONING](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/informationliteracy-170106190139/85/Information-literacy-6-320.jpg)
![From NPR’s All Tech Considered:
Pay attention to the domain and
URL
abcnews.com =
abcnews.com.co =
Read the "About Us" section
Is it straightforward? Who leads the
site/company/org?
Look at the quotes in a story &
who said them
Researchers? Studies? Direct quotes?
Look them up!
Check the comments
Do they say it’s fake?
Reverse image search
Right click an image in Chrome to
search for it in Google
From FactCheck.org:
Consider the source
Read beyond the headline
Usually designed to draw you in
Check the author
Is there one? Credentials?
What’s the support?
Look up what they cite
Check the date
Is there one? Distorting a real,
previous story?
Is this some kind of joke?
Check your biases
Beware the echo chamber
Consult the experts
Factcheck.org/hot-topics,
Snopes.com, Washington Post Fact
Checker, PolitiFact.com
STRATEGIES TO EVALUATE WEBSITES
OXFORD DICTIONARIES’ WORD OF THE YEAR: POST -TRUTH
Def: “[R]elating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in
shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.”
Davis, Wynne. "Fake Or Real? How To Self-Check The News And Get The Facts." All Tech Considered. NPR, 5 Dec. 2016.
http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/12/05/503581220/fake-or-real-how-to-self-check-the-news-and-get-the-
facts?utm_source=npr_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20161211&utm_campaign=bestofnpr&utm_term=nprnews
Kelly, Eugene, and Lori Robertson. "How to Spot Fake News." FactCheck.org. 18 Nov. 2016. <http://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/how-to-
spot-fake-news/>.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/informationliteracy-170106190139/85/Information-literacy-7-320.jpg)
Information literacy
- 1. Class:INFORMATION LITERACY Presentation available at http://www.slideshare.net/seansocha7/information-literacy-67192936
- 2. By the end of our time together, you should have a better understanding of What Information Literacy is and why it is valuable What resources are available on the Library’s website Catalogs – OneSearch, Classic, and OhioLINK Databases LibGuides How to develop a search strategy How to implement some search techniques How to ethically and legally use information How to evaluate information LEARNING OUTCOMES
- 3. What is Information Literacy? According to the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), an information literate individual is able to: Determine the extent of information needed Access the needed information effectively and efficiently Evaluate information and its sources critically Incorporate selected information into one’s knowledge base Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose Understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information, and access and use information ethically and legally Information Literacy is vital to all students and future professionals. It is nearly impossible to learn everything you need to know for your future profession. Information literacy skills will help you become an independent lifelong learner. WHY SHOULD I CARE? From ACRL, “Introduction to Information Literacy”, http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompetency
- 4. EVERY MINUTE ON THE INTERNET From “Data Never Sleeps 4.0”, by Josh James, 6/28/2016, https://www.domo.com/blog/data-never-sleeps-4-0
- 5. BIG DATA STATS From VCloudNews, “Every Day Big Data Statistics – 2.5 quintillion bytes of data created daily”, 4/5/2015, http://www.vcloudnews.com/every-day-big-data-statistics-2-5-quintillion-bytes-of-data-created-daily/
- 6. FAKE NEWS, CLICKBAIT, AND TRUTHINESS From Stanford History Education Group, “Evaluating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic Online Learning”, 11/22/2016, https://sheg.stanford.edu/upload/V3LessonPlans/Executive%20Summary%2011.21.16.pdf Compounding the issue of already too much information is that a lot of it is distorted, misleading, or just patently false. Many online media outlets lack the traditional editorial mechanisms that undergird journalistic ethics and professionalism. Improved website design makes it difficult to tell real news from the fake. The study looked at students at 3 levels – middle school, high school, and college – and assessed their ability to evaluate information sources. Described the results as “dismaying,” “bleak,” and “[a] threat to democracy.” College students, for instance, on average could not “look beyond a .org URL and ask who’s behind a site that presents only one side of a contentious issue.” From the Executive Summary: “Never have we had so much information at our fingertips. Whether this bounty will make us smarter and better informed or more ignorant and narrow-minded will depend on our awareness of this problem and our educational response to it. At present, we worry that democracy is threatened by the ease at which disinformation about civic issues is allowed to spread and flourish.” STANFORD STUDY – EVALUATING INFORMATION: THE CORNERSTONE OF CIVIC ONLINE REASONING
- 7. From NPR’s All Tech Considered: Pay attention to the domain and URL abcnews.com = abcnews.com.co = Read the "About Us" section Is it straightforward? Who leads the site/company/org? Look at the quotes in a story & who said them Researchers? Studies? Direct quotes? Look them up! Check the comments Do they say it’s fake? Reverse image search Right click an image in Chrome to search for it in Google From FactCheck.org: Consider the source Read beyond the headline Usually designed to draw you in Check the author Is there one? Credentials? What’s the support? Look up what they cite Check the date Is there one? Distorting a real, previous story? Is this some kind of joke? Check your biases Beware the echo chamber Consult the experts Factcheck.org/hot-topics, Snopes.com, Washington Post Fact Checker, PolitiFact.com STRATEGIES TO EVALUATE WEBSITES OXFORD DICTIONARIES’ WORD OF THE YEAR: POST -TRUTH Def: “[R]elating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.” Davis, Wynne. "Fake Or Real? How To Self-Check The News And Get The Facts." All Tech Considered. NPR, 5 Dec. 2016. http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/12/05/503581220/fake-or-real-how-to-self-check-the-news-and-get-the- facts?utm_source=npr_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20161211&utm_campaign=bestofnpr&utm_term=nprnews Kelly, Eugene, and Lori Robertson. "How to Spot Fake News." FactCheck.org. 18 Nov. 2016. <http://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/how-to- spot-fake-news/>.
- 8. Appropriateness /Relevancy Is this the right source for my research? Does it pertain to my topic? Bias or Objectivity What point of view does it try to promote? Was it written to inform, persuade, or sell something? Currency When was the information published or last updated? Does it cite the latest information? Does my topic require current information? Authority Who is the author of this information? What are his or her qualifications? Has the author written anything else on the topic? Accuracy/Detail Is there evidence of research? Is the depth of coverage adequate? Are there spelling or grammatical mistakes? Evaluating Sources
- 9. SEARCH STRATEGY DETERMINE THE INFORMATION NEED FromAZQuotes,http://www.azquotes.com/quote/526112 Determining the extent of information needed is an important step – maybe the most important step – in the information seeking process. You can’t develop a research plan until you understand the problem to be solved. What do I REALLY need to know? And what do I already know? How much information do I need? Do I need three articles from academic journals, or an answer to a question? Where are the best places to look or the best tools to use to answer my specific question ? What words or combination of words should I use for my search? What are some synonyms or different phrasings that might help me if I get stuck?
- 10. These techniques can be applied to most search engines & tools Boolean operators – And, Or, Not And – narrows Or - broadens Not - narrows Truncation – Using an * to search for multiple words with similar roots at the same time Example: photograph* finds photograph, photographer, photographs, photography Problems occur if you truncate to early. For example, cat* finds cats, cathy, catholic, catfish, catheter Advanced Search Techniques – quotation marks and parentheses Use quotation marks when you want to search for a name or phrase and to ensure that the concept is searched as a whole Examples: “Erich Fromm”, “positive psychology” Use parentheses when using multiple Boolean operators to nest keywords Example: (art or music) and therapy SEARCH TECHNIQUES ACCESS INFORMATION American Renaissance American Renaissance RenaissanceAmerican
- 11. 1 – OneSearch – this is a federated catalog of Capital’s and OhioLINK catalogs, as well as our databases 2 – Classic Catalog – Capital’s catalog 3 – OhioLINK Catalog (121 academic libraries) 4 – Find Articles – 157 databases, OERs, websites, etc. 5 – Use LibGuides – research starting points for all majors THE LIBRARY WEBSITE WWW.CAPITAL.EDU/LIBRARY 1 2 3 4 5
- 12. OneSearch provides the widest breadth of search results, and is an excellent way to discover and explore a topic ONESEARCH
- 13. LIMITING RESULTS IN ONESEARCH Full Text Content Publication Date Source Type Subject Database (Content Provider)
- 14. RETRIEVING FULL TEXT IN ONESEARCH THE FOUR POSSIBILITIES Search for Full Text – searches the Full Text Finder Linked Full Text – will take you to the publisher’s website Request this item through interlibrary loan – we do not own this journal, but we can get the article from another library (1-10 business days) PDF Full Text
- 15. Export citations from nearly any database Instantly create bibliographies! Organize your research throughout your time at Capital Share your citations with other students when working on group projects REFWORKS
- 17. Ethical and legal aspects to academic research and writing Intellectual property and plagiarism Quoting and paraphrasing Always cite your sources! Use the Cite feature in most databases Valuable resource – Purdue’s Online Writing Lab - https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ APA STYLE
- 18. Availability of books, DVDs, scores, etc., and provides call # Find eBooks and eJournals Request items through OhioLINK CLASSIC CATALOG CAPITAL UNIVERSIT Y’S CATALOG
- 19. Searches 121 Academic Libraries throughout Ohio Request and receive items in 3 to 5 business days OHIOLINK CATALOG
- 20. Suggested Databases for Sociology Recommended EBSCO Databases SocINDEX Sociological Collection Criminal Justice Abstracts Gender Studies Database LGBT Life Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection PsycINFO Social Work Abstracts General Databases Academic Search Complete OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center Sage Stats FIND ARTICLES SOCIOLOGY DATABASES
- 21. Search multiple databases at once – click on Choose Databases near the top of the screen, and a window will appear that will allow you to chose as many databases as you like. The results page is nearly identical to OneSearch since EBSCO is the common vendor. SEARCHING EBSCO DATABASES
- 22. The Capital University Librarians have created LibGuides for every major at Capital. These sites provide great tips and resources to help you get started with your research. LIBGUIDES
- 23. Sean Socha Electronic Resources Librarian [email protected] 614-236-6993 I am nearly always available to help you, but if you can’t reach me or you need immediate assistance, please contact the Reference Desk in one of the following ways: 1. Come by the Reference Desk: Monday – Thursday: 10am – 8pm Friday: 10am – 4pm Sunday: 4pm – 8pm 2. E-mail the Reference Desk: [email protected] 3. Call us: (614) 236 - 6351 4. Chat: www.capital.edu/library 5. Text us: (614) 505 - 4542 CONTACT ME OR GET ADDITIONAL HELP
- 24. Please take a moment to complete a short survey about what we discussed today. http://goo.gl/52WSr2 FEEDBACK
Editor's Notes
- #2: Hi, I’m Sean Socha and I am the Electronic Resources Librarian here at Capital. I’m here today to talk to you about how to find, evaluate, and use information – the basics of information literacy.
- #3: Here is an outline of what we will be discussing today: We’ll talk a little about Information Literacy and why it’s important We’ll spend most of our time on the Library website, and the resources and materials available there We’ll talk about constructing your search strategy and some search techniques Then, we will go over MLA Style and how to avoid infringing on copyright And finally, we will quickly cover evaluating information, specifically on the Internet since you don’t need to worry about evaluating anything you find in the Library catalogs or databases.
- #4: We won’t be discussing all of these elements in equal detail today. For instance, DETERMINING the information need is a very important step in the information-seeking process, and so we will discus this a bit. Sometimes, though, this can be fairly straightforward since your research may be assignment-based and determined by your professor. We will talk mostly about ACCESSING information today by going through the resources available from the library’s website. We will touch a little on EVALUATION later in our discussion as it relates to Internet resources. (But we don’t need to worry too much about this when using Library resources.) - INCORPORATING information has to do with summarizing and synthesizing your information to draw conclusions, and EFFECTIVELY USING information is concerned with organizing and communicating your findings. You would consider your audience, how to present your info (what medium to use, etc.), and with what organizational model (topical, sequential, compare-contract, problem-solution, etc.). We will touch on the ETHICAL AND LEGAL implications of information use in talking about APA citations (in-text and references), copyright, and intellectual property. Information literacy skills are designed to help you solve problems and acquire knowledge in the real world.
- #5: It’s hard to get our heads around just how much information is being created. How does this impact us? How do we navigate through it all to find what we need?
- #6: 90% of the world’s data created in last 2 years! Because of the torrent of data and information available, the ability to find quality information and evaluate it is more important than ever.
- #10: Determining the information needed is an important step in the information-seeking process. You can’t develop a research plan until you understand the problem to be solved. Here is where you will develop your search strategy. What is it that I REALLY need to find out? What do I already know? How much information do I need? Do I need three articles from academic journals, or an answer to a question? Where are the best places to look or the best tools to use to answer my specific question? Should I use a map to find when the Civil War started? Is an encyclopedia the best place to look for an analysis of education statistics? What words or combination of words should I use for my search? What are some synonyms or different phrasings that might help me if I get stuck?
- #11: And will retrieve records in which BOTH of the search terms are present. Or will retrieve records in which AT LEAST ONE of the search terms is present. Most commonly used to search for synonymous terms. Example: (dog or canine). Not will retrieve records in which ONLY ONE of the terms is present. Example: (dog not pit bull).
- #13: For more targeted results, you will want to search subject-specific databases.
- #16: Using information ethically and legally is an important aspect of information literacy.
- #17: Using information ethically and legally is an important aspect of information literacy.
- #18: Using information ethically and legally is an important aspect of information literacy.