Information retrieval 14 fuzzy set models of ir
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Fuzzy Model is a set theoretic model of document retrieval based on fuzzy theory. An opposite to this is the Exact match mechanism by which only the objects satisfying some well specified criteria, against object attributes, are returned to the user as a query answer.
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![Fuzzy Set Model
• A fuzzy subset A of a universe of discourse U is
characterized by a membership function
• This function associates with each element u of U a
number μA(u) in the interval [0, 1]
• The three most commonly used operations on fuzzy
sets are:
– the complement of a fuzzy set
– the union of two or more fuzzy sets
– the intersection of two or more fuzzy sets](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/informationretrieval14fuzzysetmodelsofir-200610085904/85/Information-retrieval-14-fuzzy-set-models-of-ir-4-320.jpg)
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Give me a title and description for this presentation: Recursive Neural Network and title is 40 characters and description is 3000 characters
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Understanding Recursive Neural Networks
Description:
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Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Information and network security 47 authentication applicationsVaibhav Khanna Kerberos provides a centralized authentication server whose function is to authenticate users to servers and servers to users. In Kerberos Authentication server and database is used for client authentication. Kerberos runs as a third-party trusted server known as the Key Distribution Center (KDC).
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithmVaibhav Khanna The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a Federal Information Processing Standard for digital signatures, based on the mathematical concept of modular exponentiation and the discrete logarithm problem. DSA is a variant of the Schnorr and ElGamal signature schemes
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
Information and network security 45 digital signature standardVaibhav Khanna The Digital Signature Standard is a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a suite of algorithms that can be used to generate digital signatures established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1994
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
Information and network security 44 direct digital signaturesVaibhav Khanna The Direct Digital Signature is only include two parties one to send message and other one to receive it. According to direct digital signature both parties trust each other and knows there public key. The message are prone to get corrupted and the sender can declines about the message sent by him any time
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Information and network security 43 digital signaturesVaibhav Khanna Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message authentication. In the physical world, it is common to use handwritten signatures on handwritten or typed messages. ... Digital signature is a cryptographic value that is calculated from the data and a secret key known only by the signer
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication codeVaibhav Khanna Message Authentication Requirements
Disclosure: Release of message contents to any person or process not possess- ing the appropriate cryptographic key.
Traffic analysis: Discovery of the pattern of traffic between parties. ...
Masquerade: Insertion of messages into the network from a fraudulent source
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Information and network security 41 message authentication codeVaibhav Khanna Message authentication aims to protect integrity, validate originator identity, and provide non-repudiation. It addresses threats like masquerading, content or sequence modification, and source/destination repudiation. A Message Authentication Code (MAC) provides assurance that a message is unaltered and from the sender by appending a cryptographic checksum to the message dependent on the key and content. The receiver can validate the MAC to verify integrity and authenticity.
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithmVaibhav Khanna SHA-3 is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithmVaibhav Khanna The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is a cryptographic hash function developed by the US National Security Agency. SHA-512 is the latest version that produces a 512-bit hash value. It processes message blocks of 1024 bits using an 80-step compression function that updates a 512-bit buffer. Each step uses a 64-bit value derived from the message and a round constant. SHA-512 supports messages up to 2^128 bits in length and adds between 1 and 1023 padding bits as needed.
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...Vaibhav Khanna Birthday attack can be used in communication abusage between two or more parties. ... The mathematics behind this problem led to a well-known cryptographic attack called the birthday attack, which uses this probabilistic model to reduce the complexity of cracking a hash function
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authenticationVaibhav Khanna Message Authentication Code ... A message authentication code (MAC) is similar to a cryptographic hash, except that it is based on a secret key
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theoremVaibhav Khanna In number theory, the Chinese remainder theorem states that if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime.
Information and network security 34 primality
Information and network security 34 primalityVaibhav Khanna A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not
Information and network security 33 rsa algorithm
Information and network security 33 rsa algorithmVaibhav Khanna RSA algorithm is asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric actually means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes that the Public Key is given to everyone and Private key is kept private
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystemsVaibhav Khanna Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is an encryption scheme that uses two mathematically related, but not identical, keys - a public key and a private key. Unlike symmetric key algorithms that rely on one key to both encrypt and decrypt, each key performs a unique function.
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Information and network security 31 public key cryptographyVaibhav Khanna Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, and private keys. The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way function
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Information and network security 30 random numbersVaibhav Khanna Random numbers are fundamental building blocks of cryptographic systems and as such, play a key role in each of these elements. Random numbers are used to inject unpredictable or non-deterministic data into cryptographic algorithms and protocols to make the resulting data streams unrepeatable and virtually unguessable
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithmVaibhav Khanna International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a once-proprietary free and open block cipher that was once intended to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA has been and is optionally available for use with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). IDEA has been succeeded by the IDEA NXT algorithm
Information and network security 28 blowfish
Information and network security 28 blowfishVaibhav Khanna Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher designed as a replacement for DES. It encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a variable-length key. The algorithm uses substitution boxes and a complex key schedule to encrypt the data in multiple rounds. It is very fast, uses little memory, and is resistant to cryptanalysis due to its complex key schedule and substitution boxes.
Information and network security 27 triple des
Information and network security 27 triple desVaibhav Khanna Part of what Triple DES does is to protect against brute force attacks. The original DES symmetric encryption algorithm specified the use of 56-bit keys -- not enough, by 1999, to protect against practical brute force attacks. Triple DES specifies the use of three distinct DES keys, for a total key length of 168 bits
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- 1. Information Retrieval : 14 Fuzzy Set Models of IR Prof Neeraj Bhargava Vaibhav Khanna Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Systems Sciences Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
- 2. Fuzzy Set Model • Matching of a document to a query terms is approximate or vague • This vagueness can be modeled using a fuzzy framework, as follows: – each query term defines a fuzzy set – each doc has a degree of membership in this set • This interpretation provides the foundation for many IR models based on fuzzy theory • In here, we discuss the model proposed by Ogawa, Morita, and Kobayashi
- 3. Fuzzy Set Model • Fuzzy set theory deals with the representation of classes whose boundaries are not well defined • Key idea is to introduce the notion of a degree of membership associated with the elements of the class • This degree of membership varies from 0 to 1 and allows modelling the notion of marginal membership • Thus, membership is now a gradual notion, contrary to the crispy notion enforced by classic Boolean logic
- 4. Fuzzy Set Model • A fuzzy subset A of a universe of discourse U is characterized by a membership function • This function associates with each element u of U a number μA(u) in the interval [0, 1] • The three most commonly used operations on fuzzy sets are: – the complement of a fuzzy set – the union of two or more fuzzy sets – the intersection of two or more fuzzy sets
- 5. Fuzzy Set Model • Let, U be the universe of discourse • A and B be two fuzzy subsets of U • A be the complement of A relative to U • u be an element of U • Then,
- 6. Fuzzy Information Retrieval • Fuzzy sets are modeled based on a thesaurus, which defines term relationships • A thesaurus can be constructed by defining a term- term correlation matrix C
- 7. Fuzzy IR: An Example
- 8. Fuzzy IR: An Example
- 9. Fuzzy IR: An Example
- 10. Assignment • Explain the concept of Fuzzy Set models and Fuzzy Information Retrieval