2. MARINE
SAFETY
• The security of ocean spaces represents a
recurring theme on the international agenda,
humanity has historically used the ocean as a
source of resources and a means of
communication.
• In the 21st century, in addition to the previous
activities, due to the increase in technology, man
has realized with greater interest the economic
value of the ocean for development, this in turn,
has generated an over-exploitation of resources,
which Added to this is the increase in traditional
threats, such as illicit trafficking in supplies,
weapons and explosives, terrorism, piracy,
smuggling, and illegal migration.
3. • Safety is the feeling of protection in the face of deficiencies and
external dangers that affect negatively the quality of life; while and
how much reference is made to feeling, criteria for determining
degrees of security they will sin of having some degree of subjectivity.
In The term is generally used to make reference to the set of
measures and policies implemented to protect the population
suffering from crime, especially those that put integrity at risk
physical.
4. MARINE
SAFETY
THREATS
• Economic and social threats, such as
poverty, infectious diseases, and
environmental degradation.
• Conflicts between States.
• Internal conflicts.
• Proliferation of weapons of destruction
massive.
• Terrorism.
• Transnational organized crime
5. • Of these, the following can be classified as emerging risks
related to Maritime Safety, such as trends and challenges:
• Illegal immigration in general.
• Illicit trafficking of: people or drugs,
• weapons
• Attacks on ships on the high seas or in waters
• coastal areas either as acts of piracy or
• as acts of terrorism.
• Marine pollution and environmental degradation.
• Depredation of maritime resources.
6. RISKS IN THE SHIP
• Any risk of accident must be reported immediately to the interested
party or the person in charge of the equipment, so that it can be
corrected. If accidents are to be prevented, all the safety devices put
at our disposal must be used correctly, either for our protection or for
that of our colleagues. All accidents that occur on board, both at sea
and in port, must be investigated. We must give all our collaboration
to the investigation of accidents, because if we can find the cause that
caused them, we can prevent them in the future.
7. • ALL SAILORS, FOR THEIR OWN INTEREST, SHOULD KNOW HOW TO
SWIM:
The risk of a man overboard is high on boats, as work is often done on
deck, which can be wet and slippery due to adverse weather conditions.
Therefore, it is advisable that you know how to swim to avoid serious or
even fatal accidents.
• REFLECT FIRST, THEN ACT:
Do not recklessly and uselessly expose yourself to danger, or expose
your colleagues. Before doing hazardous work, think about it to make
sure you are not exposing yourself or anyone else to an accident. Many
accidents are due to inattention or recklessness. A few seconds of
reflection before acting can save a life. Alcohol lowers human attention
and reflexes long before causing intoxication
8. • EVERYONE IN HIS OFFICE:
Never use tools, machines or installations if you do not fully understand
their operation or the safety rules that must be observed when using
them. Do not do any work if you are not trained to do so; very
particularly in electrical installations. This will save you unpleasant
surprises.
• GETTING ON BOARD AND DEPARTING THE SHIP:
Many accidents occur when boarding or leaving the ship. Use the
access plate, it is the only safe way to get on board. Jumping from the
dock onto the deck or onto the roof, or vice versa, is very dangerous.
The ship may make an unexpected movement, you may lose your
balance and fall between the dock and the ship or on deck.
9. • ORDER AND CLEANING
• Clutter and lack of cleanliness are frequent causes of accidents, and they make
work more dangerous and unpleasant. If you want to work safely, you must start
by keeping your workplace clean, order and cleanliness are part of your job.
Everyone's collaboration is necessary to make the ship a pleasant and safe place.
Coves and bilges must be kept dry and clean, free from trash and oil. The cloths
must be clean and orderly. As everything on the ship is in its proper place and in a
perfect state of cleanliness, the following will be avoided, among other things:
• ▪ Dangerous falls
• ▪ Fires
• ▪ Many discomforts
10. • CIRCULATION AND ACCESS:
All aisles, ladders, platforms, etc. must be kept clear. Do not stack materials in
areas used for personnel passage. Keep access to valves, electrical maneuvering
devices, fire extinguishing equipment, first-aid kits, emergency exits, etc., clear.
• SIGNALS:
Respect and pay attention to all signs and warnings. They have been placed for
a single purpose: Your Safety.
• INDICATIONS AND ORDERS:
It is very important that the orders given by the controls are clear and precise,
to prevent them from being misunderstood. The one who gives the orders must
ensure that they are well interpreted. The recipient of the order must pay
attention and ensure that he has fully understood the instructions received.
Work at sea is teamwork. The failure of a component of that team can affect
your teammates and produce serious consequences.
11. OPEN HATCHES AND RECORDS:
• All hatches and manholes must be kept closed,
especially in bad weather or during fishing
operations. It is very easy to fall through a manhole
or open hatch.
• The number of open hatches should be reduced as
much as possible. This can be achieved in the
following way:
• Placing stanchions with its handrail, surrounding
the hatch.
• Also placing signal lights when poor visibility
advises it.
• Placing signs that warn of danger.
12. • PROTECT OTHERS:
Tools or materials that can fall, when working at heights,
are a serious risk to everyone working or walking
underneath. Barriers, ropes, danger signs or any means
should be used to alert personnel working on lower
floors. Never leave tools or materials abandoned on
guindolas, pipes, platforms, etc. Think that the boat is
rocking and that they may fall, injuring someone. Be sure
to hold or anchor anything that could fall.
• FALLING OBJECTS AND HITS:
If you don't want to risk head injury, wear a safety
helmet. Thanks to the use of a safety helmet, many
accidents that could be fatal have only caused minor
injuries to the injured person. Always wear a helmet.
13. • MAINTENANCE WORK:
Injuries that can be caused by moving materials with sharp, rough edges, or very
hot or very cold materials must be prevented. One must take into account in a
special way, the wounds produced by cable bites, which are usually very dangerous
(they are easily infected, so they must be healed immediately). These injuries can
be avoided by wearing suitable gloves or mitts.
If you have to carry a long piece, lift it by one end, above a man's height, and
balance it over your shoulder. Beware of exits, intersections and corners Beware of
stacking materials. They are particularly dangerous on ships, never pack loose.
14. • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE GARMENTS:
• The most commonly used personal protective garments are:
• Safety helmet: use the safety helmet with the belief that it is the best means of
protection for the head. Be careful not to hit it, or try to make any changes to
it.
• Safety boots: garment, specially made to protect the feet. Safety boots have
prevented many injuries. Always wear them, in good condition, for both safety
and convenience reasons. Always wear your boots buckled.
• Safety gloves: they are designed to protect hands and avoid injuries when
working with sharp, rough, hot or cold materials. Safety on board.
• Safety glasses and screens: clothing for the protection of eyes and face. Safety
glasses can save your eyes. Face shields can save your face. Never use normal
glasses as safety glasses. Common lenses break easily, making the spectacle
itself a hazard.
• Respirators and gas masks: used in workplaces where there may be a lack of
oxygen or gases, and in toxic environments. You should not use this protective
garment without the permission of your superiors.
• Seat belts: seat belts and tie ropes are essential to protect against falls that can
occur when working in high places, in the event that the corridors, skirting
boards, handrails or other protections do not offer sufficient safety , or that the
work to be performed requires leaning over, under, or through these
protections.
15. ELECTRICAL RISKS
• Electric current has been the cause of many fatal accidents. Do not play with the
electric current, it is too dangerous. Only qualified and authorized personnel may
carry out electrical connections or repairs. If you have an electrical problem, do
not try to solve it yourself. Ask the right person for help. When you see an electric
cable, always think that it may be live. Never touch a bare wire.
• The danger of electrocution increases:
• When working in damp or wet places.
• When you are sweating or when your hands, clothes or shoes are wet or damp. If
you work barefoot the danger increases.
• When working with power tools or portable lamps with faulty insulation without
the regulatory grounding.
16. • When working in rooms where there is a risk of explosion or fire (paint cloths, nets, etc.), the
appropriate material must be used.
• Combustible materials should never be deposited in the vicinity of electrical appliances or
installations. A spark or heat can cause a fire.
• Special care must be taken when driving near switchboards and electrical installations. Any
movement of the ship can make you lose your balance and project you against them, with the
consequent risk of electrocution.
• It is very dangerous to handle metal parts (bars, tubes) near bare electrical conductors or live
parts.
• Before changing a fuse, the installation must be switched off by operating the switch. The fuses
must be replaced by others of the same type and of the same nominal intensity.
• Never bypass a fuse with copper or steel wire, or in any other way
17. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING IN THE
DIFFERENT ZONES OF THE SHIP
WORKS ON MACHINES:
Machines often cause accidents that are often characterized by their
severity. These risks of accidents are considerably accentuated in ships,
due to the little space normally available in engine rooms, and the
sudden movements to which the ship is subjected on many occasions.
Good prevention is necessary in work carried out in engine rooms. You
should always start by observing the following instructions:
Keep the entire machine compartment in perfect order and
cleanliness.
Keep all machines and installations in perfect working order.
Know in depth all the machines and installations and strictly adhere to
the established rules on their operation, conservation, repair and
verification.
18. • CABLE CONSERVATION
When handling cables, always protect your hands with suitable
protective gloves. The cables must be kept continuously greased.
They must be well adduced and misused, trying not to make kicks.
Prevent them from rubbing on sharp edges, placing protections when
necessary.
Any cable showing a strangulation or deformation tear, a broken branch
or broken wires, must be immediately reported to the command.
19. STRING PRESERVATION
• Ropes must be protected against rodents.
• They should be kept in dry and well ventilated places.
• Knotted ropes should not be used to lift weights.
• Friction of the lines with sharp edges must be avoided.
• Before using a rope, its condition must be checked.
20. • ROOF SECURITY:
• Catwalks, ladders, handrails and guards, all ladders must be kept in
good repair. Wooden ladders should not be painted, but covered with
a clear varnish or transparent protective material. Walkways, ladders
and walkways should be cleaned frequently to prevent slipping.
Where possible, ladders should have non-slip grooves .
• The gate plate must be secured in such a way that it cannot slide or
fall and must not be placed in the swing area of the load struts.
21. ROOF LIGHTING
For the hours of darkness, the gangways must be provided with sufficient lighting,
as well as all other places of passage or work on the deck, so that the crew can
clearly distinguish obstacles. When necessary, a flashlight should be used. Safety on
board 25 The deck lighting should only be turned off when fishing operations
require darkness. The lights must not be focused in a way that could blind the
lookout or interfere with the effectiveness of navigation.
22. • PRECAUTIONS AGAINST THE RISK OF FALLING INTO WATER
The crew must remain alert to the risk of falling into the water, since, excluding the
shipwreck, this is the main cause of fatal accidents among fishermen. Pitching and
rolling movements of boats, sudden increase in speed, performing complex fishing
operations on open decks, the need to constantly launch and turn fishing gear from
the stern, working on wet decks slippery and slippery conditions that are
sometimes soaked in blood or fish waste, and the inevitable fatigue accumulated
during long hours of work are conditions that put you at risk of falling into water.
23. • FALL OF MAN INTO WATER
• When unfortunately a man has fallen into the sea, rescue maneuvers must be
started immediately, which are as follows:
• Give the alarm.
• Mark the landing point. The "man overboard" alarm signal must be given with the
general typhoon or siren alarm bells or with a loud voice indicating the side
where the man has fallen. On the side where the shipwrecked person has fallen,
the lifebuoys equipped with signaling light and automatic smoke signals, or other
means of signaling that are available, must be thrown immediately.
• Carry out the man overboard maneuver. At the same time that the previous
operation is carried out and as soon as the “man overboard” alarm is heard, the
helmsman will cause the ship to fall towards the same side in which the castaway
is, in order to separate the propellers from it as soon as possible possible. If the
maneuver has been well carried out and if the alarm has been given in time, the
shipwrecked person is located by the bow of the ship and it is practically stopped.
• Lowering the rescue boat or lifeboat. The rescue boat or, failing that, the lifeboat,
must be stowed in such a way that it can be launched in no more than five
minutes with the crew and the necessary equipment for the rescue.
• Rescue of the castaway. First the boat rescues the victim and then the entire boat
is recovered by the ship. In small vessels, which is the case for most fishing boats,
the ship itself will carry out the recovery operation for the shipwrecked person.
