Inheritance1
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Inheritance allows subclasses to inherit and extend the functionality of parent classes. This allows for code reuse and is based on an "is-a" relationship between classes. The subclass inherits all properties and behaviors of the parent class. The extends keyword is used to create a subclass that inherits from an existing parent class. The super keyword refers to the parent class and can be used to invoke parent class methods and constructors from the subclass.
![Example
• As displayed in the above figure, Programmer is the subclass and Employee is the
superclass. Relationship between two classes is Programmer IS-A Employee.It
means that Programmer is a type of Employee.
• In the above example, Programmer object can access the field of own class as
well as of Employee class i.e. code reusability.
class Employee{
float salary=40000;
}
class Programmer extends Employee{
int bonus=10000;
public static void main(String args[]){
Programmer p=new Programmer();
System.out.println("Programmer salary is:"+p.salary);
System.out.println("Bonus of Programmer is:"+p.bonus);
}
}
Output:
Programmer salary is:40000.0
Bonus of programmer is:10000](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-4-320.jpg)
![• super is used to refer immediate parent class
instance variable.
class Vehicle{
int speed=50;
}
class Bike3 extends Vehicle{
int speed=100;
void display(){
System.out.println(speed);//will print speed of Bike
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike3 b=new Bike3();
b.display();
}
}
Output:100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-6-320.jpg)
![//example of super keyword
class Vehicle{
int speed=50;
}
class Bike4 extends Vehicle{
int speed=100;
void display(){
System.out.println(super.speed);//will print speed of Vehicle now
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike4 b=new Bike4();
b.display();
}
}
Output:50](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-7-320.jpg)
![super is used to invoke parent class
constructor.
class Vehicle{
Vehicle(){System.out.println("Vehicle is created");}
}
class Bike5 extends Vehicle{
Bike5(){
super();//will invoke parent class constructor
System.out.println("Bike is created");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike5 b=new Bike5();
}
}
Output:
Vehicle is created
Bike is created](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-8-320.jpg)
![Program in case super is not required
class Person{
void message(){System.out.println("welcome");}
}
class Student17 extends Person{
void display(){
message();//will invoke parent class message() method
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Student17 s=new Student17();
s.display();
}
}
Output:welcome](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-9-320.jpg)
![super can be used to invoke parent
class method
class Person{
void message(){System.out.println("welcome");}
}
class Student16 extends Person{
void message(){System.out.println("welcome to java");}
void display(){
message();//will invoke current class message() method
super.message();//will invoke parent class message() method
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Student16 s=new Student16();
s.display();
}
}
Output:
welcome to java
welcome](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/inheritance1-150421025302-conversion-gate02/85/Inheritance1-10-320.jpg)
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Inheritance1
- 1. Inheritance
- 2. Inheritance • Inheritance in java is a mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of parent object • The idea behind inheritance in java is that you can create new classes that are built upon existing classes. When you inherit from an existing class, you can reuse methods and fields of parent class, and you can add new methods and fields also. • Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship, also known as parent-child relationship.
- 3. Why use inheritance in java • For Method Overriding (so runtime polymorphism can be achieved). • For Code Reusability. • Syntax of Java Inheritance class Subclass-name extends Superclass-name { //methods and fields } The extends keyword indicates that you are making a new class that derives from an existing class.
- 4. Example • As displayed in the above figure, Programmer is the subclass and Employee is the superclass. Relationship between two classes is Programmer IS-A Employee.It means that Programmer is a type of Employee. • In the above example, Programmer object can access the field of own class as well as of Employee class i.e. code reusability. class Employee{ float salary=40000; } class Programmer extends Employee{ int bonus=10000; public static void main(String args[]){ Programmer p=new Programmer(); System.out.println("Programmer salary is:"+p.salary); System.out.println("Bonus of Programmer is:"+p.bonus); } } Output: Programmer salary is:40000.0 Bonus of programmer is:10000
- 5. super keyword in java • The super keyword in java is a reference variable that is used to refer immediate parent class object. • Whenever you create the instance of subclass, an instance of parent class is created implicitly i.e. referred by super reference variable. • Usage of java super Keyword – super is used to refer immediate parent class instance variable. – super() is used to invoke immediate parent class constructor. – super is used to invoke immediate parent class method.
- 6. • super is used to refer immediate parent class instance variable. class Vehicle{ int speed=50; } class Bike3 extends Vehicle{ int speed=100; void display(){ System.out.println(speed);//will print speed of Bike } public static void main(String args[]){ Bike3 b=new Bike3(); b.display(); } } Output:100
- 7. //example of super keyword class Vehicle{ int speed=50; } class Bike4 extends Vehicle{ int speed=100; void display(){ System.out.println(super.speed);//will print speed of Vehicle now } public static void main(String args[]){ Bike4 b=new Bike4(); b.display(); } } Output:50
- 8. super is used to invoke parent class constructor. class Vehicle{ Vehicle(){System.out.println("Vehicle is created");} } class Bike5 extends Vehicle{ Bike5(){ super();//will invoke parent class constructor System.out.println("Bike is created"); } public static void main(String args[]){ Bike5 b=new Bike5(); } } Output: Vehicle is created Bike is created
- 9. Program in case super is not required class Person{ void message(){System.out.println("welcome");} } class Student17 extends Person{ void display(){ message();//will invoke parent class message() method } public static void main(String args[]){ Student17 s=new Student17(); s.display(); } } Output:welcome
- 10. super can be used to invoke parent class method class Person{ void message(){System.out.println("welcome");} } class Student16 extends Person{ void message(){System.out.println("welcome to java");} void display(){ message();//will invoke current class message() method super.message();//will invoke parent class message() method } public static void main(String args[]){ Student16 s=new Student16(); s.display(); } } Output: welcome to java welcome
- 11. public class Car { public void m1() { System.out.println("car 1"); } public void m2() { System.out.println("car 2"); } public String toString() { return "vroom"; } } public class Truck extends Car { public void m1() { System.out.println("truck 1"); } } What is the output from the following code? Truck mycar = new Truck(); System.out.println(mycar); mycar.m1(); mycar.m2();
- 12. public class Car { public void m1() { System.out.println("car 1"); } public void m2() { System.out.println("car 2"); } public String toString() { return "vroom"; } } public class Truck extends Car { public void m1() { System.out.println("truck 1"); } public void m2() { super.m1(); } public String toString() { return super.toString() + super.toString(); } } Suppose the Truck code changes as shown above. What is the output now? Truck mycar = new Truck(); System.out.println(mycar); mycar.m1(); mycar.m2();
- 13. Types of inheritance in java