Int 2 computer structure 2010
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The document discusses the structure and components of a basic computer system. It describes the five main components as input devices, processor, main memory, output devices, and backing storage. It explains random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM), and how they differ. It also defines the processor as the central processing unit that processes instructions and programs, and lists its main parts as the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and registers. The control unit manages program execution and timing.
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Registers
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SRAM (static RAM)
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- 1. Computer Structure Mr Arthur
- 2. Aims of Lesson 1 5 Box Diagram of a Computer System Main Memory V Backing Storage
- 4. Main Memory Random Access Memory Where programs are stored temporarily while the computer is on Volatile Memory = The contents of RAM is lost when the computer is switched off Read Only Memory The contents of ROM are stored permanently and cannot be edited Programs are written to ROM during manufacture Bootstrap Loader is stored in ROM and loads up the remainder of the OS The Main Memory is required to store parts of programs whilst in use by the processor
- 5. Lesson Starter I have an image that is 3 inches by 4 inches with a Resolution of 500dpi. Calculate the storage requirements. What does RAM and ROM stand for? What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
- 6. Aims of Lesson 2 Last Lesson 5 Box Diagram of a Computer System Main Memory V Backing Storage Today’s Lesson Backing Storage Magnetic Optical Serial Access Direct Access
- 7. Backing Storage A Backing Storage device is a piece of hardware that is used to store data permanently when the computer is switched off Magnetic Hard Disk Magnetic Tape USB Memory Stick Optical CDROM/R/RW DVDROM/R/RW Sequential Access = This is Backing Storage where you access data in a particular order Direct Access = This Backing Storage allows you to access data in any order
- 8. Lesson Starter What is the purpose of Backing Storage? List 4 examples of Backing Storage devices What is the difference between Sequential and Direct data access?
- 9. Aims of Lesson 3 Last Lesson 5 Box Diagram of a Computer System Main Memory Backing Storage Today’s Lesson The Processor
- 10. Lesson Starter What is the purpose of purpose of the processor? What is the measure of processor speed?
- 11. The Processor The processor or C entral P rocessing U nit is the brain of the computer where all the decision making, calculations etc are carried out We send instructions (programs) to the processor to get the computer to do something Processor speed (clock speed) is measure in how many millions of instructions the processor can process per second (typically 3-4Ghz) Clock speed is one of the main measures of computer performance
- 12. Parts of the Processor Control Unit Manages the fetching and executing of programs held in RAM Makes sure programs are processed in the correct order Arithmetic Logic Unit Performs + - X / calculations Makes AND, OR, NOT and IF decisions Handles FOR, loop untils Registers Storage locations on the processor chip to temporarily store instructions
- 13. Lesson Starter List the 3 parts of the processor Which part of the processor makes sure programs are processed in the correct order and manages the timing of processing?
- 14. Computer Comparison EMBEDDED SYSTEM = A processor inside another device, for example, a microwave, sky + box. Type RAM Hard Disk Processor Peripherals Palmtop 256Mb 1Gb (Solid State) 500-800MHz Stylus Touch Sensitive Monitor Laptop 3Gb RAM 320GB 2.2 GHz possibly dual core Touch Pad LCD/TFT Monitor Desktop 4Gb RAM 500Gb 3.2Ghz possibly quad core Mouse, Keyboard, LCD Monitor Mainframe Approx 32Gb RAM 8Tb or more 3.2Ghz possible 16 processors or more
- 15. Arrangements - Computer Structure Description of the purpose of a processor List the parts of a processor as ALU, control unit and registers Representation of the structure of a computer in the form of a simple five box diagram representing: input devices, processor, main memory, output devices, and backing storage Distinction between main memory and backing storage Description of the features and uses of RAM and ROM Description of the uses of embedded, palmtop, laptop, desktop and mainframe computers Comparison of features of embedded, palmtop, laptop, desktop and mainframe computers: type and speed of processor, size of main memory, backing storage, input and output devices Description of clock speed as a simple indicator of system performance