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Intelligent Microgrid and Distributed Generations ppt
- 5. Energy storage systems Batteries Ultra capacitors Flywheels Point of common coupling (PCC):-PCC is the point in the electric circuit where a micro grid is connected to a main grid.
- 7. These objectives are achieved using two distinct components of the microgrid; a smart meter at every end user and a smart station for each locality. Intelligent microgrid architecture governed by an efficient communication technique and control algorithms. Microgrid with renewable sources which is integrated with the grid, having parallel AC and DC systems. Self sufficient in case of loss of power or shortage of power.
- 10. Node or end user: – having a renewable energy source attached to it generates enough power to run most of its own loads. Sometimes, these sources generate more power than the loads require than supplies to grid. D.C.B:- Combines the DC output generates by number of nodes or consumers. MVDC (medium voltage dc line):- D.C.B output is converted to medium voltage Direct current (MVDC) to reduce line losses. A DC boost converter is used for the conversion.
- 11. Smart station:- The function of the smart station is to regulate the power coming in from the nodes through the MVDC line and the High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission line and send it as 230V AC to end users for consumption. The smart station acts like the master whereas the nodes act as slaves in the network of the grid with regard to communication. The smart station gets input from the nodes through the combiner box. This output is given to a boost converter which converts the voltage line to a MVDC line which is fed to smart station.
- 12. Smart Meter:- The smart meter should be able to: i. Measure the instantaneous power drawn by the loads, measure the outgoing power from the batteries and estimate the instantaneous differential power and charge the end user appropriately. i. Communicate with the SS regarding its status and unique ID. ii. Update its battery level status to check if it is within threshold and also check if it has any incoming AC power. iii. Have a switching mechanism that can connect or disconnect the node from the MVDC line based on the request sent by the SS to send power.
- 13. Pros of implementation of intelligent microgrid :- A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability ,during a utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid i.e. islanding. Significant environmental benefits made possible by the use of low or zero emission generators. Consumers are able to deliver there excess generation to the grid. The use of both electricity and heat permitted by the close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency.
- 14. Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its users by generating some or all of its electricity needs. Cons of implementation intelligent micro grid:- Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained. Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus requiring more space and maintenance. Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.
- 15. Microgrid protection is one of the most important Issues such as standby charges and net metering may pose obstacles for Microgrid. Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.
- 16. CONCLUSION microgrid draws lesser power from central grid and is capable of sustaining itself during power shortage for a considerable amount of time. By having a parallel DC and AC distribution system with efficient control, the renewable sources can be integrated into the grid with higher penetration and can serve as more than just backup sources to the grid. With net metering and the 4th line, the microgrid can power the grid during peak time, reduce dependency of the microgrid from utility grid and can power essential loads during power shortage thus reducing its dependency on conventional power sources. The system is flexible because it does not require major changes to the current distribution system and renewables sources can be easily added through the 4th line making the microgrid even greener. This architecture can work well with end users having suburban houses, apartment buildings or communities with shared open areas where the renewables can be installed.