International Monetary Fund (IMF)
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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization of 188 countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty. The IMF provides policy advice, research, loans, and technical assistance to help member countries. Key functions include surveillance of members' economic policies, lending to address balance of payment issues, and technical assistance. The IMF has helped Pakistan's economy through various loans totaling billions of dollars since the 1980s.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- 3. What is imf Fast facts about imf History Member countries Organization structure Functional department of imf Functions of imf How imf help member countries Financing facilities Process of imf lending Imf and pak economy Benefits to pakistan Special drawing rights
- 4. What Is IMF? International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an organization working to foster global monetary cooperation, of 188 countries to : Secure financial stability, Facilitate international trade, Promote high employment and Sustainable economic growth, and Reduce poverty around the world. Organization formed with a stated objective of stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development.
- 5. Fast facts Membership: 188 countries Headquarters: Washington, D.C. Executive Board: 24 Directors representing countries or groups of countries Staff: Approximately 2,670 from 154 countries Total Quotas : US$ 360 billion Biggest Borrowers : Greece , Portugal ,Ireland
- 6. History
- 7. CREATION OF IMF The IMF was conceived in July 1944, when representatives of 45 governments agreed on a framework for international economic cooperation. The IMF came into formal existence in December 1945, when its first 29 member countries signed its Articles of Agreement It began operations on March 1, 1947. Later that year, France became the first country to borrow from the IMF.
- 8. Par value system (Bretton Woods system): Member countries agreed to peg their currencies in US Dollar terms and for US, the value of Dollar in terms of Gold-to correct Fundamental Disequilibrium. The Pakistan became a member of IMF in 1956 Contd..
- 9. Member Countries 188 Countries To become a member, a country must apply and then be accepted by a majority of the existing members. In April 2012, the South Sudan joined the IMF.
- 10. Organization structure Board of Governors The Board of Governors is the highest decision-making body of the IMF. The governor is appointed by the member country and is usually the minister of finance or the head of the central bank. Ministerial Committees The IMF Board of Governors is advised by two ministerial committees, the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) and the Development Committee. The IMFC has 24 members, drawn from the pool of 186 governors.
- 11. Organization structure The Executive Board The IMF's 24-member Executive Board takes care of the daily business of the IMF. Together, these 24 board members represent all 186 countries.
- 12. Contd.. Board of governors The Executive Board Advisory role
- 13. Functional Departments Of IMF Finance Department Fiscal Affairs Department Monetary and Capital Markets Department Legal Department Strategy, Policy, and Review Department Research Department Statistics Department
- 14. Functions Of IMF Policy advice to governments and central banks. Research, statistics, forecasts, and analysis. Loans to help countries overcome economic difficulties. Concessional loans to help fight poverty in developing countries. Technical assistance and training to help countries improve the management of their economies.
- 15. How IMF Help Member Countries • When a country joins the IMF, it agrees to subject its economic and financial policies to the FUND. SURVEILLANCE • Lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties • Financial assistance to countries to meet International Payments LENDING • To assist mainly low- and middle-income countries in effectively managing their economies TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
- 16. Financing Facilities Reserve tranche policies Credit tranche policies Emergency assistance Debt and debt service reduction
- 17. Contd.. Poverty reduction and growth facilities Compensatory financing facility Contingent Credit lines Special drawing rights
- 18. PROCESS OF IMF LENDING
- 19. CONTD..
- 20. IMF and Pak Economy The following are the main sectors of Pakistan economy: Agriculture CNG Industries Automobile industry Cement industry IT industry Services industry Communication industry Textiles Imports Exports Electricity These are the different sectors which acquire proper fund. In such case Pakistan takes loan from IMF and WORLD BANK.
- 21. 1988-91 $ 900 million 1994-97 $850 million 1997-2000 $ 500 million 2008-09 $ 7.6 billion 2009-10 $3.2 billion 2012-13 $3.4 billion 2013-14 $3.43 billion
- 22. Special Drawing Rights The SDR is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement its member countries' official reserves. The amount of SDRs increased from SDR 21.4 billion to SDR 204.1 billion.
- 23. SDR Allocation To members Under its ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT , the IMF may allocate SDRs to members in proportion to their IMF quotas. 1.GENERAL ALLOCATION 2. SPECIAL ALLOCATION
- 24. SDR Valuation The currency value of the SDR is determined by summing the values in U.S. dollars, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of major currencies. The SDR currency value is calculated daily and the valuation basket is reviewed and adjusted every five years.
- 25. What happens to the SDRs once they are allocated? The IMF's SDR Department keeps records of members' SDR allocations and holdings; the SDR Department is also the channel through which all transactions and operations involving SDRs are conducted. Once allocated, members can hold their SDRs as part of their international reserves or sell part or all of their SDR allocations.
- 26. Contd.. IMF members can also use SDRs in operations and transactions involving the IMF, such as the payment of interest and repayment of loans, or payment for future quota increases.