INTERNATIONAL NON PROPRIETARY NAMES FOR DRUGS1.pptx
- 1. INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAMESFORDRUGS 1 PRESENTED BY E.POOVARASAN M.PHARM FIRST YEAR PSG COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
- 2. INTRODUCTION: • An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) identifies a pharmaceutical substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient by a unique name that is globally recognized and is public property. • A nonproprietary name is also known as a generic name. • The INN system was managed by WHO. 2
- 3. HISTORYOFINNs: • The INN system was initiated in 1950 by a World Health Assembly resolutionWHA3.11 • It began operating in 1953 • The cumulative list of INNs now contains 9300 names, and this number is growing every year by some 160 new INNs. 3
- 4. AIMOFINNSSYSTEM: • To provide health professionals with unique name to identify each pharmaceutical substance • Aim to clear identification, safe prescription and dispensing of medicines to patients, • For communication and exchange of information among health professionals and scientists worldwide. • Non proprietary names are intended for use in pharma, labelling, product information, advertising and other promotional material 4
- 5. TRADENAMES: Trade Names: • Most products available on the market are now a days advertised, promoted, and identified by a trade name. • Trade names are usually selected by the owner of the product and registered in national trademark or patent offices. • They are private property and can be used only with the consent of the owner of the trademark • Example: Dolo-650 5
- 6. SELECTIONOFINN • The INN are selected by the world Health Organization on the advice of experts from the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on the International Pharmacopoeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations. • The process of INN selection follows three main steps: • A request/ application is made by the manufacturer or inventor to WHO secretariat • After a review of the request a proposed INN is selected and published for comments for objection for 4 months • After completion of 4 months the proposed INNS is finalized and published as recommended INNs , which is the final name of substances, which cannot be changed throughout life. 6
- 7. CONTD.. • Since the name is available in the public domain it may be used freely. However, it should not be registered as a trade-mark since this would prevent its use by other parties. • INN is designated for the active part of the molecule only, to avoid the multiplication of entries in cases where several salts, esters, etc. are actually used. • In such as cases , the user of the INN has to create a modified INN(INNM). • Ex: mepyramine maleate ( a salt of mepyramine with maleic acid) 7
- 8. ELEMENTSOFINNs: Proposed INNs Recommended INNs Modified INNMs Cumulative INNs 8
- 9. PROPOSEDINNs: • Proposed INNS are list of drug substances which under objection period • Newly selected, proposed INNs are then published in WHO Drug Information, which indicates a deadline for a 4-month objection period • This period is allowed for comments and/or objections to the published names to be raised. • The reasons for any objection must be stated clearly and these will be evaluated by the experts for further action • Two lists of proposed INNs are published yearly 9
- 10. RECOMMENDED INNs • The final stage of the selection process is the recommended INN. • Once a name has been published as a recommended INN it will not normally be modified further and is ready for use in labeling, publications, on drug information. • It will serve to identify the active pharmaceutical substance during its lifetime worldwide. • Recommended INNs are published in the WHO Drug Information as a consequence of the objection procedure applied to proposed INNs • As from 1997, two lists of proposed INNs are published yearly and as from list 37 of recommended INNs with its graphic formulae are selected. 10
- 11. EXAMPLE: 11
- 12. MODIFIEDINNMs: • If a "radical and group name" is used in conjunction with an INN, they are referred to as International Nonproprietary Name (Modified) or INNM. • For example, oxacillin and ibufenac are INNs and their salts are named oxacillin sodium and ibufenac sodium. The latter are called modified INNs (INNMs). • for radicals and groups which are used in conjunction with INNs and which are also referred to as INNM, and the document International Nonproprietary Names Modified, INN Working Document 05.167/3. 12
- 13. CUMULATIVELIST: • All names selected as proposed and recommended INNs are published in a Cumulative list, which is updated periodically. • The generic names are presented in alphabetical order by Latin name Each entry includes: • equivalent nonproprietary names: : in Latin, English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and Russian, as well as reference to other common names • a reference to the INN list in which the name was originally proposed or recommended, or last amended; • reference to names of substances that have been abandoned or never been marketed; • reference to national nonproprietary names; • reference to pharmacopeial monographs or similar official references; 13
- 14. • reference to names issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO); • reference to the Convention of Psychotropic Substances, if applicable; • reference to the List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control, if applicable; • the molecular formula; • its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number. 14
- 16. The primary principles for selection: • Distinctive in sound and spelling • Not too long; and • Not liable to confusion with other names in common use. Ex: ac: anti-inflammatory agents, ibufenac derivatives - Coxib for COX-2 inhibitors, a type of anti-inflammatory drugs ( e.g. celecoxib) • Do not select names for mixtures of substances • Do not select for herbal substances ( vegetable drugs) or for homoeopathic products. • Do not select names for those substances that have a long history of use for medical purposes under well-established names such as those of alkaloids ( e.g. morphine, codeine) , or trivial chemical names ( e.g acetic acid) 16
- 17. USEOFSTEMS: • Usually, an INN consists of a random, fantasy prefix and a common stem; • substances belonging to a group of pharmacologically related substances show their relationship by the use of a common stem. • e.g. olol for -adrenoreceptor antagonists and antihypertensive, -teplase for tissue- type-plasminogen activators activators. • A list of common stems used in the selection of INNs may be found in Annex 3. 17
- 18. STEREOISOMERS • Steric characteristics of the chemical names(S) are indicated by using specific prefixes. • For a different enantiomer or for the racemic form of the compounds, the following prefixes should be added to the existing INN: a) For the levo form, the lev-/levo- prefix is used, e.g. levocarnitine, levamisole. b) For the dextro form, the dex- prefix is used, e.g. dexamisole, dexibuprofen. c) For the racemic form, the rac-/race- prefix is used, e.g. racepinefrine 18
- 19. RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES: A name for a drug substance containing a radioactive atom should list, in the following order: 1) the name of the substance containing the radioactive atom, 2) the isotope number, 3) the element symbol, and 4) the name of the carrier agent, if any, • e.g. cyanocobalamin (60 Co), technetium ( 99m Tc) bicisate, technetium ( 99m Tc) sestamibi. 19
- 20. SPECIFICGROUPSOFBIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES • specific groups of biological substances names were assigned to antibiotics, synthetic peptides, hormones and other proteins. • Example: • Insulin human was proposed for the recombinant protein and it was first recommended recombinant protein • New stems for – tissue plasminogen activators - plase • for naming monoclonal antibodies- they use stem – mab • Within the INN Programme, names have not been assigned to natural human blood products or vaccines. • For those groups of biological products, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) has been adopting the scientific names of the biological products within the definitions of respective requirements. 20
- 21. PROTECTIONOFINN • WHO Expert Committee recommended • “Enact rules or regulations, as necessary, to ensure that international nonproprietary names.. Should be protected • Develop policy guidelines on the use and protection of international nonproprietary names, and to discourage the use of names derived from INNs, and particularly names including INN stems in trademarks” 21
- 22. USEOFINNsININDIA: • In india, section 13 ( b) of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 prohibits the registration of names of chemical elements or INNs which have been declared by the World Health Organization ( WHO) and notified by the Registrar of Trade Marks. • The WHO has brought the same to the attention of the Drug Controller General of India. • Use of INNs to coin brand names • INN- vinleurosine Stem- osine Brand name- Virosine DR company- Ranbaxy 22
- 23. PREVENTIONOFREGISTRATIONOFCERTAIN TRADEMARKSBYSOMEINDIANCOMPANIES: • The WHO demanded that the applications for registration of brand names, like Tiotrop, Guapride, Dipride and Pride by companies Sun Pharma, Ajanta pharma, Divus Lab and First care pharma respectively should not be entertained. • Also, WHO asked the DCGI to prevent approval of brand names Riluzole by Rajvi Vipul Bhagat, Mumbai as Riluzole is an INNs 23
- 24. REFERENCES: • Guidance on International nonproprietary names for Pharmaceutical Substances by WHO • International Non proprietary names by P.Ilanangai, IP consultant, Patent Department. 24
- 25. THANK YOU