Internet protocol stack
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This document describes the five layers of the OSI model from top to bottom: Application layer, Transport layer, Network layer, Link layer, and Physical layer. It provides details on the purpose and functions of each layer, including that the Application layer dictates how requests are made, the Transport layer transports messages and ensures reliable delivery, the Network layer handles addressing and routing of packets, the Link layer deals with frame synchronization and error detection, and the Physical layer transmits individual bits between nodes. Common protocols are also listed for certain layers, such as TCP and UDP for the Transport layer and Ethernet for the Link layer.
Internet protocol stack
- 2. Application layer Transport layer Network Layer Link Layer Physical Layer
- 3. To perform certain actions within the layer. To use services of the layer directly below it.
- 4. Dictate the semantics of how requests for services are made such as requesting a file, or checking for an e-mail. The container for all protocols and applications : Application HTTP Transport POP SMTP Network FTP Link IMAP etc. Physical
- 5. Transports application layer messages between the client and server side of an application. Unit of data exchange –> transport Application layer packets called “segments”. Transport Protocols : TCP Network UDP Link Physical
- 6. 3 way TCP provides connection oriented handshake service to its applications which includes: Guranteed delivery of application layer messages to the destination Flow Control (sender/receiver speed Application matching) Transport Breaking of long messages into Network shorter segments Link Congestion Control mechanism Physical
- 7. UDP i.e. User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless service. Video Conferencing Video conferencing Multimedia Applications Application Transport Transport and other higher layers run only Network on end hosts and not on Link intermediate switches or routers. Physical
- 8. Unit of data exchange -> network layer packets called “datagrams”. Has a protocol that defines the fields in the datagram as well as how the end systems and routers act on these Application fields. Transport Also contains routing protocols that determine the routes that Network datagram take between source and Link destination. Physical
- 9. Unit of data exchange -> link layer packets called “frames” Synchronization of IP packets into frames Error detection and Correction Errorneous frames can be discarded Application or retransmitted Transport Protocols : Network PPP Link Ethernet Physical
- 10. Move individual bits within the frame from one node to the next Application Transport Network Link Physical
- 13. Computer Networks : A top down approach featuring the internet by Kurose and Ross