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Internet Security
- 2. Introduction… • The Internet represents an insecure channel for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing. • Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically involving browser security but also network security on a more general level. • Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet.
- 3. Need for Internet Security… • Today, internet is stuffed with different types of sensitive data • The internet is packed with threats from hackers. They can • crash your system, • Acquire access to your personal information and can result in monetary losses. So, • You need internet security to keep information and systems safe from malicious software and individuals.
- 4. What are the main security-related threats on the Internet Today? • Hijacked web servers • Denial-of-Service Attacks • Cross Site Scripting • Trap Doors • Email Spoofing
- 6. Web Server Hijacking… • Attacker gains access and changes contents of web server. • Can be very bad: • Attacker can plant hostile applets. • Attacker can plant data sniffers • Attacker can use compromised machine to take over internal system. • Usually outsiders. • Nearly impossible to trace.
- 7. How do they do it? • Administrative passwords captured by a password sniffer. • Utilize known vulnerability: • Buffer overflow. • Use web server CGI script to steal /etc/passwd file, then crack passwords. • Mount the web server’s filesystem.
- 8. Defensive Measures… • Patch known bugs. • Don’t run unnecessary services on the web server. • Monitor system for signs of penetration • Intrusion detection systems • Make frequent backups. • Have a hot spare ready.
- 10. What is Denial-of-Service attack? • A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. • Although the means to carry out and targets of a DoS attack may vary, it generally consists of efforts to temporarily or indefinitely interrupt or suspend services of a host connected to the Internet. • Costs money and reputation • Lost Sales • Damage to reputation
- 11. How it is done? • Send a lot of requests (HTTP, or SMTP requests) • Easy to trace. • Relatively easy to defend against with TCP/IP blocking at router. • Attack routers • Attack DNS
- 13. Cross-Site Scripting… • Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability which enables attackers to inject client-side script into Web pages viewed by other users. • Cross-site scripting carried out on websites accounted for roughly 84% of all security threats documented by Symantec as of 2007. • Their effect may vary depending on the sensitivity of the data handled by the vulnerable site.
- 14. XSS Attacks - Stealing Cookie • What is cookie? • Used by the web applications for authenticating, tracking, and maintaining specific information about users • Once a cookie is saved on your computer, only the website that created the cookie can read it • How it is done? • Attacker injects script that reads the site’s cookie • Scripts sends the cookie to attacker • Attacker can now log into the site as the victim
- 15. Some other XSS Attacks… • Defacement • Attacker injects script that automatically redirects victims to attacker’s site <script> document.location = “http://evil.com”; </script> • Phishing • Fake page asks for user’s credentials or other sensitive information( e.g. fake paypal page) • The data is sent to the attacker’s site
- 16. Email Spoofing
- 17. Email Spoofing… • Email spoofing is the creation of email messages with a forged sender address - something which is simple to do because the core protocols do no authentication. • Spam and phishing emails typically use such spoofing to mislead the recipient about the origin of the message.
- 18. Prevention measures… • A number of measures to address spoofing are available, but it is likely that almost half of all domains still do not have such measures in place. • However, as of 2013, 60% of consumer mailboxes worldwide used measures to protect themselves against this. • Although email spoofing is often effective in forging the sender's real email address, the IP address source computer sending the mail can generally be identified from the "Received:" lines in the email header.
- 19. Trap Doors
- 20. Trap doors… • Method of bypassing normal authentication methods • Remains hidden to casual inspection • Can be a new program to be installed • Can modify an existing program • Also known as Back Doors
- 21. Trap Door Examples… • 2003, an attempt was made to create a backdoor in the Linux Kernel • Early versions of the Sobig Virus in 2003 installed backdoors to send its spam. • MyDoom virus in early 2004 created a backdoor on port 3127 to send spam
- 22. Conclusions
- 23. Conclusions… • Keep server and third-party applications and library up-to-date • Do not trust user input • Review code & design and identify possible weaknesses • Monitor run-time activity to detect ongoing attacks/probes
- 24. THANK YOU