Intro to Arduino Revision #2

Intro to Arduino Class

!
Deezmaker 3D Printer Store and Hackerspace

Taught by Quin Etnyre

July 26, 2014

Thank you to SparkFun for sharing
the original presentation!

What is Open Source?
• Release your design ﬁles to the public

• Free access for anyone who wants to learn

• Everyone gains knowledge, companies or
hobbyists

• You are able to remake/remix the project to suit
your own needs

• When you credit the original designer

What is the Arduino?
Intended for anyone to create interactive projects

“Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italy

in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles

Open Source Hardware

Atmel 8-Bit Processor

Coding is easy for anyone to learn

Why do I want an Arduino?
Arduino is a 8-bit prototyping system that is
easy for the modern developer, designer, hacker,
kid, or someone that has no experience in this
type of genre to use.

!
But why is important to all of us?

Schedule
• Introduction to Arduino and Installing Software

• Project 1

• Electronics Concepts

• Project 2

• Arduino IDE in Depth

• Project 3

• Break

• Project 4

• Explaining More Code

• Project 5, 6, & 7

• ProjectTime with more ArduSensors

Arduino IDE
The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) is where we develop our code,
and upload the code to the Arduino Leonardo
board. You can download the latest software
here:

!
Arduino 1.0.5:

bit.ly/arduinoide

Downloading Code
!
bit.ly/deezmakercode

!
Put the downloaded folder on your
desktop

Arduino Drivers
Mac:

Click Red ‘X’

!
!
Windows XP / 7 / 8:

!
!
!
Windows XP / 7 Secondary Option: http://bit.ly/
arduino-windows

Which COM/Serial Port?
Mac: /dev/tty.usbmodemfd131
!
Interchangeable #:
!
Windows: COM#
Device Manager:
!
Start>Control
Panel>System &
Security>Device
Manager>Ports

Arduino Shields
LCDTouch RGB LED WiFi

ArduSensors - ‘Mini Shields’

Concepts of Electronics
• Polarity

• Power /Voltage and Ground

• Analog and Digital

• Inputs and Outputs

• PWM

• Arduino IDE Review

• Analog Inputs

Polarity
Polarity is when there are two or more different
sides (or leads) of a component that have
different qualities that can not be reversed.

!
Examples: batteries, LEDs, buttons

Power / Voltage and Ground
(GND)
Use only 5V or 3.3V in your projects
Power
+
-
Circuit

Analog and Digital
• All Arduino signals are either Analog or Digital

• All computers can only understand Digital

• Digital Pins D0 - D13 on Arduino

• Special pins that are ADC enabled (analog to
digital converter) we can connect sensors to

• Analog Pins A0 - A5 on Arduino

I/O, or Input/Output
Input is any signal

entering an electrical

system/Arduino.

!
Output is any signal

exiting an electrical

system.

Output
Output is always Digital

!
To Output a Digital signal (On or Off) use this code:

!
digitalWrite (pinNumber, value);
!
Where value is HIGH (on) or LOW (off), both in caps

Output
To ‘Fade’ an LED or to output a voltage in-between 0V and 5V,
use PWM

!
Use this code to output an ‘analog’ signal:

analogWrite (pinNumber, value);

Where value is a number 0 - 255. (0V to 5V)

!
PWM is available on Arduino Leonardo digital pins 3, 5, 6, 9,
10, 11, and 13, and marked with a ‘~’.

Output
Output is always Digital, even when it’s P.W.M.
!
For P.W.M. the Arduino pin turns on, then off very fast
!
!
P.W.M. Signal @ 25%

P.W.M. Signal @ 75%

P.W.M. Signal
rising

Arduino IDE in Depth
• Parts of the Sketch

• setup()

• loop()

• Comments

• Analog Input

!
!
void loop ( ) { }
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Comments
• Comments are ignored by the compiler/
veriﬁer

• Comments can be anywhere

• Starts with a // for a one-line comment

• Starts with a /* and ends with a */ for a
multiple-line comment

• Great ways to remind you what you did, teach
other people what that code means

Analog Input
• To connect an analog Input to your Arduino, use
Analog Pins #A0 - A5

!
• To get an analog reading, use the code:

analogRead(pinNumber);

!
• Analog Input varies from 0 to 1023 on an Arduino

Digital Sensors/Digital Input
• Digital Input could be a switch or a button

• To connect digital input to your Arduino use Digital
Pins # D0 – D13

• Digital Input needs a pinMode command (in setup):

pinMode(pinNumber, INPUT);

Make sure to use caps for INPUT

• To get a digital reading: digitalRead(pinNumber);

• Digital Input values are only HIGH (On) or LOW
(Off)

Digital Sensors/Digital Input
• Digital sensors are more straight forward than
Analog

!
• No matter what the sensor, there are only two
settings: On and Off

!
• Voltage signal for LOW (off) will be 0V, and HIGH
(on) will be 5V

Parts for Circuit 4:
Arduino Leonardo

Breadboard

Pushbutton (2)

LED (2)

Resistor - 10K Ohm (2)

Resistor - 330 Ohm (2)

Jumper Wires

Operators
The equals sign

!
= is used to assign a value

!
== is used to compare values

!
&& is “and”

!
|| is “or”

Variables
Basic variable types:

!
Boolean (on or off)

Integer (a number)

Character (a letter)

String (a phrase)

Declaring Variables
Boolean: boolean variableName;

!
Integer: int variableName;

!
Character: char variableName;

String: stringName [ ];

Assigning Variables
Boolean: variableName = true;

or variableName = false;

Assigning Variables


Integer: variableName = 32767;

or variableName = -32768;

Assigning Variables


Integer: variableName = 32767;

or variableName = -32768;

Character: variableName = ‘A’;

or stringName = “Deezmaker”;

Setup 
void setup ( ) {  
pinMode (13, OUTPUT); }
!
!
!
Inputs & Outputs are declared in
setup, this is done by using the
pinMode function
This particular example declares digital pin # 13 as
an output, remember to use CAPS

!
!
If Statements
if ( this is true ) { do this; }
!
!
!
!

!
!
Basic Repetition
!
for (int count = 0; count<10; count++)
{
//for action code goes here
//this could be anything
}

ProjectTime with more
ArduSensors

Intro to Arduino Revision #2

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