Intro To Programming Concepts
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This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts, including: 1) It defines what a computer program is and explains that programs get input from users and generate output. 2) It discusses the importance of program design, implementation, and testing according to a specification. 3) It explains that high-level programming languages are used instead of machine language, and compilers translate programs into machine language.
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Intro To Programming Concepts
- 1. Introduction to Programming Concepts Jussi Pohjolainen TAMK University of Applied Sciences
- 2. Computer Program Computer program are instructions for a computer Computer executes the program in CPU Program has an executable form Computer program gets input from the user Computer program can generate information to the user, this information is called output
- 3. Input and Output Computer Program input output
- 4. Designing, Implementing and Testing Specification ("What we are suppose to implement?") 1) Design the program Structure, Algorithms, Architecture 2) Implement according to the design Implement using some programming language 3) Test the program Is the program the same than in specification?
- 5. Specification Before implementing, one must know what to implement Specification is very important What is the possible input and output of the program? If specification contains errors, it's very hard to correct the program...
- 6. Designing Computer Program Architecture UML Diagrams (If OO) Data Structures Algorithms
- 7. Compiling and Running Programs Implementing Programs
- 8. Computer and Operating System The basic parts of the computer Processor, RAM, Hard Drive, input and output devices.... The instructions you give to the processor are given in machine language Operating system hosts the programs
- 9. Machine Language Computer program is just instructions to the CPU These instructions are given only in machine language, and this is the only language that the CPU understands Machine language is very hard to implement
- 10. Computer Language Because machine language is so hard to implement, programmers do not use it Instead of using machine language , programmers use some high level (compiler) language... ... but the computer does not understand anything but the machine language! Compiler comes to the rescue! Compiler translates high level language to machine language
- 11. Miscommunication 010101010111011111010101010101101010101010101010101 I just wanna a program that would calculate my body mass index? Okay? ?
- 12. Solution 010101010111011111010101010101101010101010101010101 I wanna a BMI app. (but I don't want the results) int weight; int height; cin >> weight; cin >> height; ... Compiler
- 13. Programming Languages There are many high level languages C, C++, C#, Perl, PHP, Java, Smalltalk, Objective-C Almost all of these languages have the same principals if, while, for, functions, methods...
- 14. Programming Environment The source code of the program is Written Compiled (Linked) Into a computer program The source code is written with some text editor and it is compiled with some compiler
- 15. Writing the program Source Code Source Code Compiling Machine Language Machine Language Linking Executable
- 16. Compiling Java Programs Image from The Java Technology Phenomenon http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/intro/definition.html
- 17. Compiling Java Programs Image from The Java Technology Phenomenon http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/intro/definition.html
- 18. ALGORITHMS
- 19. Algorithms Algorithm is a method for solving problem using instructions Algorithms can be written using pseudocode Pseudocode is intended for human reading rather than machine reading The use of natural language and structural convention of programming language
- 20. Pseudocode Pseudocode consists of Clear natural human readable language Three rules sequence choice (if) repeat (while)
- 21. 1. Sequence Sequence means that the given instructions are executed in the same order that they were given print to the screen "What is your name?" read the answer and store it into variable NAME print to the screen "You have a funny name, " print to the screen NAME print to the screen "!"
- 22. 2. Choice With choice, one can choose which instructions are executed print to the screen "What is your name?" read the answer and store it into variable NAME if(NAME = "Jussi") print to the screen "What a stupid name!" else print to the screen "Nice name you have!"
- 23. Example of Choice print "What grade did you get?" grade := getInput() if(grade = 4) print "FAIL!"; else if(grade = 5) print "You are an idiot!"; else if(grade = 6) print "Lazy or and idiot?"; ...
- 24. 3. Repeat In repeat one executes instructions based on condition while(there is food on the plate) Eat food
- 25. Example of Repeat i := 0 while(i < 3) print "Hello World!" i := i + 1
- 26. Three basic rules 1) Sequence Get up from bed Dress up Go to the shower Go to work 2) Choice If car is broken, go to work by bus. Otherwise go to work by car 3) Repeat Drink until the bottle is empty
- 27. Pseudocode Exercise Write an algorithm with pseudocode that asks from the user two numbers. If the sum of those numbers are greater than 12, program outputs "Big numbers you gave". Otherwise the program outputs "Small numbers you gave".