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- 1. NETWORK & COMPUTER SECURITY Prof. Giovambattista Ianni - 2013
- 2. INFORMATION 10 ECTS (5 Theory + 5 Lab.) Suggested material: W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security W. Stallings, Computer Security: Principles and Practice Online material Required skills: Operating Systems, Computer Networks, Databases, Web Information Systems
- 3. EXAM PROCEDURE 1. Talk on a selected topic 2. The talk must include a live demo 3. Oral exam
- 4. COURSE PROGRAM Part 1: Cryptography on the field Hashing, Asymmetric and Symmetric Cryptography, PKI Part 2: a travel into the security of the TCP/IP stack Part 3: Host security. Programming security. Laboratory: Linux, simulations with Netkit Ongoing projects
- 5. FOOD OF THE DAY • Pancake Cake made in the Pan • Poorly known in Italy as «Frittelle»
- 6. DICTIONARY - I Who/what sits in the playfield: Computers Networks Humans (stupid and not stupid ones) The players: Attackers: black and white hackers Defenders: sysadmins, programmers, users
- 7. DICTIONARY - II consider 3 aspects of information security: security attack security mechanism security service note terms threat – a potential for violation of security attack – an assault on system security, a deliberate attempt to evade security services
- 8. DICTIONARY - III The possible moves (Attack types): Attacks to integrity Data counterfeiting, identity theft Attacks to confidentiality Weak and strong information theft Attacks to the quality of service Denial of service Authenticity, accountability
- 10. The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable. —The Art of War, Sun Tzu
- 11. PARANOID VS UNSECURED Estimated Money loss per year due to security breaches in your company = L Estimated Money loss per year due to uncontrolled system administrator/programmers paranoidism = D L > D
- 12. PASSIVE ATTACKS
- 13. ACTIVE ATTACKS
- 14. SECURITY SERVICE enhance security of data processing systems and information transfers of an organization intended to counter security attacks using one or more security mechanisms often replicates functions normally associated with physical documents which, for example, have signatures, dates; need protection from disclosure, tampering, or destruction; be notarized or witnessed; be recorded or licensed
- 15. SECURITY SERVICES (X.800) Authentication - assurance that communicating entity is the one claimed have both peer-entity & data origin authentication Access Control - prevention of the unauthorized use of a resource Data Confidentiality –protection of data from unauthorized disclosure Data Integrity - assurance that data received is as sent by an authorized entity Non-Repudiation - protection against denial by one of the parties in a communication Availability – resource accessible/usable
- 16. SECURITY MECHANISM feature designed to detect, prevent, or recover from a security attack no single mechanism that will support all services required however one particular element underlies many of the security mechanisms in use: cryptographic techniques hence our focus on this topic
- 17. SECURITY MECHANISMS (X.800) specific security mechanisms: encipherment, digital signatures, access controls, data integrity, authentication exchange, traffic padding, routing control, notarization pervasive security mechanisms: trusted functionality, security labels, event detection, security audit trails, security recovery
- 18. MODEL FOR NETWORK SECURITY
- 19. MODEL FOR NETWORK ACCESS SECURITY
- 20. CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY CHAPTER 1 Fifth Edition by William Stallings Lecture slides by Lawrie Brown
- 21. ROADMAP Cryptographic algorithms symmetric ciphers asymmetric encryption hash functions Mutual Trust Network Security Computer Security
- 22. STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Internet Society (ISOC) International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- 23. CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION The combination of space, time, and strength that must be considered as the basic elements of this theory of defense makes this a fairly complicated matter. Consequently, it is not easy to find a fixed point of departure.. — On War, Carl Von Clausewitz
- 24. COMPUTER SECURITY the protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications)
- 25. LEVELS OF IMPACT can define 3 levels of impact from a security breach Low Moderate High
- 26. EXAMPLES OF SECURITY REQUIREMENTS confidentiality – student grades integrity – patient information availability – authentication service
- 27. COMPUTER SECURITY CHALLENGES 1. not simple 2. must consider potential attacks 3. procedures used counter-intuitive 4. involve algorithms and secret info 5. must decide where to deploy mechanisms 6. battle of wits between attacker / admin 7. not perceived on benefit until fails 8. requires regular monitoring 9. too often an after-thought 10. regarded as impediment to using system
- 28. OSI SECURITY ARCHITECTURE ITU-T X.800 “Security Architecture for OSI” defines a systematic way of defining and providing security requirements for us it provides a useful, if abstract, overview of concepts we will study
- 29. SECURITY SERVICES X.800: “a service provided by a protocol layer of communicating open systems, which ensures adequate security of the systems or of data transfers” RFC 2828: “a processing or communication service provided by a system to give a specific kind of protection to system resources”
- 30. MODEL FOR NETWORK SECURITY using this model requires us to: 1. design a suitable algorithm for the security transformation 2. generate the secret information (keys) used by the algorithm 3. develop methods to distribute and share the secret information 4. specify a protocol enabling the principals to use the transformation and secret information for a security service
- 31. MODEL FOR NETWORK ACCESS SECURITY using this model requires us to: 1. select appropriate gatekeeper functions to identify users 2. implement security controls to ensure only authorised users access designated information or resources
- 32. SUMMARY topic roadmap & standards organizations security concepts: confidentiality, integrity, availability X.800 security architecture security attacks, services, mechanisms models for network (access) security