Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- 1. Artificial Intelligence Dr.K.Kalaiselvi Dept of Computer Science Kristu Jayanti college Bangalore
- 3. What is Artificial Intelligence?
- 4. AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills: learning, reasoning and self-correction. Learning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on acquiring data and creating rules for how to turn the data into actionable information. The rules, which are called algorithms, provide computing devices with step-by- step instructions for how to complete a specific task. Reasoning processes. This aspect of AI programming focuses on choosing the right algorithm to reach a desired outcome. Self-correction processes. This aspect of AI programming is designed to continually fine-tune algorithms and ensure they provide the most accurate results possible.
- 5. How does Artificial Intelligence work? Computers are good at following processes, i.e., sequences of steps to execute a task. If we give a computer steps to execute a task, it should easily be able to complete it. The steps are nothing but algorithms. An algorithm can be as simple as printing two numbers or as difficult as predicting who will win elections in the coming year!
- 6. Let’s take an example of predicting the weather forecast for 2020. First of all, what we need is a lot of data! Let’s take the data from 2006 to 2019. Now, we will divide this data in an 80:20 ratio. 80 percent of the data is going to be our labeled data, and the rest 20 percent will be our test data. Thus, we have the output for the entire 100 percent of the data that has been acquired from 2006 to 2019. What happens once we collect the data? We will feed the labeled data, i.e., 80 percent of train data, into the machine. Here, the algorithm is learning from the data which has been fed into it. Next, we need to test the algorithm. Here, we feed the test data, i.e., the remaining 20 percent of the data, to the machine. The machine gives us the output. Now, we cross verify the output given by the machine with the actual output of the data and check for its accuracy. While checking for accuracy if we are not satisfied with the model, we tweak the algorithm to give us the precise output or at least somewhere close to the actual output. Once we are satisfied with the model, we then feed the data to the model so that it can predict the weather forecast for the year 2020.
- 7. Goals of Artificial Intelligence • To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice its users. • To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like humans. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as: Proving a theorem Playing chess Plan some surgical operation Driving a car in traffic
- 8. In early days Artificial intelligence was used to develop reasoning and problem- solving skills. With Artificial intelligence knowledge representation has become easy. Knowledge representation is representing information that machine or computer can understand. Artificial planning helps agents sequence of actions to perform to achieve goals. Artificial intelligence main goal is develop intelligent machines that could learn on their own. No more human intervention for feeding data to machines. With artificial intelligence one can develop machines that can read and understand human languages are known as Natural learning processing. Artificial Intelligence helps to develop that could act on sensors (take input from sensors) and react accordingly. Robotics has transformed thanks to artificial intelligence, that help robots acquire intelligence and perform task smartly. Develop systems that can recognize, interpret, process and simulate human effects. All these can be achieved when intelligent systems can predict their motive and emotions. Quality of interpreting human affect could help in better decision making
- 9. What is Artificial Intelligence ? Systems that act rationally Systems that think like humans Systems that think rationally Systems that act like humans THOUGHT BEHAVIOUR HUMAN RATIONAL
- 10. Term coined by John McCarthy, 1956 Definition: “Developing Computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes”. Has two parts 1. Computer solutions for complex problems can be done by conventional programs 2. Process that is analogous to human reasoning processes can be done by AI programs
- 11. AI Program Conventional Program Symbolic process Numeric process Heuristic search, steps are implicitly defined Steps are explicitly defined as Algorithms Control structure separate from domain knowledge Information and control are integrated together Incorrect answers are tolerable Correct answers are required Satisfactory answers are acceptable Best possible answers are expected Difference between AI program and Conventional program
- 12. Acts Like Human – Turing Test
- 18. Thinks like Human – human like patterns of thinking steps Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong based company Hanson Robotics. Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016, and made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival (SXSW) in mid-March 2016 in Austin, Texas, United States. She is able to display more than 50 facial expressions. Robot Sophia was given Saudia citizenship in 2017 'Sophia' the robot tells UN_ 'I am here to help humanity create the future' - YouTube (720p).mp4
- 20. Advantages Sophia can be used for health care sectors Sophia can solve CBI and FBI cases very easily Sophia can be a good friend to those children and adults who feel lonely. She can be a good teacher in villages and city colleges. She can be a business robot. As she has artificial intelligence she can generates for million of years Disadvantages People worry that they will replace jobs. If they take over middle class citizens jobs our economy will be negatively affected. It makes people to become lazy.