Introduction to Bedside Monitor .pptx
- 1. BEDSIDE MONITOR Dr. J. Revathi Assistant Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dr. NGP Institute of Technology
- 2. BEDSIDE MONITOR They are designed to monitor different parameters continuously It provides non-fade display of ECG waveform and heart rate. Some instruments also include pulse, pressure, temperature and respiration rate monitoring facilities. The advent of microcomputers has marked the beginning of a fundamentally new direction in patient monitoring systems.
- 3. CONTD.. A single general purpose unit capable of recognizing the nature of the signal source and processing them appropriately. The hardware responsible for physiological signal analysis, information display and user interaction is actually a set of firmware modules implemented in terms of a microcomputer program. The firmware gives the system its functional personality and the usual switches, knobs, dials and meters can be replaced by a touch-sensitive character display
- 4. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF BEDSIDE MONITOR
- 5. CONTD… The system is designed to display an electrocardiogram, heart rate with high and low alarms pulse rate, dynamic pressure or other waveforms received from external preamplifiers. It also gives immediate and historical data on the patient for trend information on heart rate, temperature, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures for periods up to eight hours.
- 6. CIRCUIT BLOCKS The system basically consists of three circuit blocks: Preamplifier section Logic boards and Display part.
- 7. CONTD.. The preamplifiers incorporate patient isolation circuits based on optical couplers. The ECG waveform has facilities for lead-off detection, ‘pacer’ detection and quick recovery circuit for overload signals. Various amplified signals are carried to a multiplexer and then to an analog-to-digital converter, included in the logic board. The central processing unit along with memory gives X and Y output for the CRT display. The character generator output is mixed with the Y output for numeric display on the CRT. The alarm settings, selection switches for different parameters and the defibrillator synchronization system communicate with the CPU. The alarm signals are also initiated under its control. The memory comprises 5 K bytes ROM and 3.25 K bytes RAM with 256 samples of ECG. Eight seconds delayed ECG is available for recording purposes
- 8. CONTD.. More bedside units are software based and updates in function by the simple replacement of computer memory chips. Wider use of on-board microprocessors also permits bedside monitors to perform increasingly sophisticated signal processing tasks. Advances in monitoring the haemodynamic parameters are particularly noteworthy. New smart algorithms help to carry out automatic calculations of indices of cardiovascular functions and artefact removal tasks. The trend in ECG monitoring is towards display and analysis of data from multiple leads. Several manufacturers now include arrhythmia monitoring, including the monitoring of the ST segment of the ECG, as a standard feature in bedside monitors.
- 9. While increasingly sophisticated monitoring capabilities have been added to bedside monitors Improvements in software and features such as touch screen make today’s bedside monitors a user-friendly equipment. Patient monitors are also known as vital sign monitors as they are primarily designed to measure and display vital physiological parameters.
- 11. CONTD.. ECG and respiration measuring electronics • Blood pressure (non-invasive) measuring electronics, pump and tubing • Blood pressure (invasive) • Temperature measuring electronics • Pulse probe and SpO2 (pulse oximetry) • Microprocessor board including analog signal multiplexer, A–D converter and real time clock • Video control board to convert the CPU commands into video signal • Video display module • Transformer and power supply board to generate necessary voltages • Mother board including signal buses and analog input signal buffers • Keyboard