introduction to c #

Introduction to C# (CSharp).net
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• C# developed by Microsoft and comes after C, C++, Java. It
inherits the properties of C, C++, Java, VB.
• We can say C# is smart and intelligent sister of Java because it do
work smartly in compression to Java.
• The basic concept of C# language are same as C, C++ to whom
you have learnt in C, C++ tutorials.
• Launched in visual studio 2008
• Create a console with visual c# language
• It generates empty program class with main() method

• File extension in c#
• Project file extension: “.csproj” (Means c sharp project)
• Sample application development in C#
• Create a new “console application ” with “visual C#” language
• It generates an empty “program” class with “main()” method
• To run an application simply press f5 key on the keyboard. Then
the application will be executed and output will be displayed

Importing section
• This section contain importing statements that are used to
import (including or link) the .NET framework class library FCL.
• This is most similar to the include statement in c language
• Syntax: using namespace
• Note: if requires namespace is a member of another name space.
We have specify the parent and child namespaces separate with
“.” (dot).
• Ex: using system;
• Using system.io;
• Using system.data;

Namespace declaration:
• Here a user define namespace is to be declared
• Rule : In .NET applications, all the classes related to the
project should be declared in one namespace.
• Syntax: namespace namespacename{}
• Generally, the namespace name will be same as “project ”
name.

Class declaration
• This is to declare the startup class of the project.
• In every .NET application like console and windows
application. There should be a startup class name should
be “program” you cant change it
• A startup class is nothing a class, which contain main()
method.
• Syntax: class classname{}

Class
• Class is a data structure that contains data members (constants files,
events), member function methods, properties, constructor,
destructor, indexers and nested type. Basically :
• It is a user defined data type.
• It is a reference type.
• In fact class is a tag or template for object.
• Drawback of Class
• Class does not allocate memory to its data members & member
function itself. Basically memory is allocated through object of a class.
Class can’t explore itself means it can not access its members itself, to
access members of a class we use object of that class.

Object
• Object is representative of the class and is responsible for
memory allocation of its data members and member
functions.
• An object is a real world entity having attributes (data type)
and behaviors (functions).

Main() method
• As you know already in c/c++ languages. The main()
method is the starting execution point of the application
• When the application is executed the main method will be
executed first
• This method contains the main logic of the application

• Class program
• {
• static void
• Main(string[] args)
• {
• Console.writeline (“hello world!”);
• Console.readline();
• }
• }
• Compiling and running application:
• Compile: click on “build” menu – “build solution”.(or) press ctrl + shift + B
• Run:
• Click on “debug” menu – “start debugging” . (Or) press f5.

C#.net supports no of applications:
• 1.Console applications
• 2.OOPS
• 3.Class libraries
• 4.Window forms applications
• 5.Windows forms control library
• 6.Windows services
• 7.ado.net

• 8.mdi forms
• 9.gdi
• 10.multi threading
• 11.exception handling
• 12.linq
• 13.security
• 14.remoting
• 15.globalization &localization
• 16.crystal reports
• 17.setup & deployments

ex:
• using System;
• namespace ConsoleApplication1
• { class emp //class
• { int sal, bonus, ta, ts; //properties
• public void tsal() //method
• { sal = 10000;
• bonus = 5000;
• ta = 500;
• ts = sal + bonus + ta;
• Console.WriteLine("the total salary is:" + ts.ToString());
• Console.ReadLine();
• }

• static void Main(string[] args)
• { emp obj = new emp(); //instance
variable
• obj.tsal(); //calling
the method
• }
• }
• }

• // Namespace Declaration
• using System;
• // helper class
• class ClassA
• {
• string myString;
• // Constructor
• public ClassA(string str)
• {
• myString = str;
• }
• // Instance Method
• public void Show()
• {
• Console.WriteLine("{0}", myString);
• }

• // Destructor
• ~ClassA()
• {
• // Some resource cleanup routines
• }
• }
• // Program start class
• class ClassProgram
• {
• // Main begins program execution
• public static void Main()
• {
• // Instance of ClassA
• ClassA objA = new ClassA("Welcome to the world of C# language !!");
• // Call ClassA method
• objA.Show();
• }
• }

Platform Support
• I've put this last only because it doesn't appear to differentiate
these languages as much as you might think. All these languages
can run on multiple OS es and machine architectures. C is the
most widely-supported, then C++, and finally C# (although C# can
be used on most major platforms thanks to an open source
implementation called Mono).
• My experience of porting C++ programs between Windows and
various Unix flavors was unpleasant. I've never tried porting
anything very complex in C# to Mono, so I can't comment on
that.

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introduction to c #

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