Introduction to computer Architecture. this will be helpful for Information Technology and Computer science Students and also for Lecturers.

Mar 19, 2025Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes7 views

Computer Organization and Architecture
By: Abay G.
CHAPTER ONE
1

Chapter Contents
2
1. Basics of Computer Organization and architecture
2. Functional units of Computer
3. Organizational Structure of Computer
4. Computer System Software Interaction of Hardware and Software

1. Basics of Computer Organization and
architecture
3

… Computer architecture
● Computer systems
○ Underlying hardware
○ Software running on it
● Computer architecture
○ Defn: It refers to the attributes of a system visible to a programmer that have a direct impact on
the logical execution of a program E.g. : Instruction set, No. of bits for various datatypes,…
○ The hardware/software interface seen by the user
○ Instruction set architecture (ISA)
● Processor microarchitecture
○ Implementation of a given architecture
○ May or may not be visible to the user
4

… Computer architecture
Computer Architecture or Instruction Set Architecture
5
Transistors
Logic gates
Microarchitecture
Architecture

… Computer Organization
● Defn: It refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural
specifications. E.g. Interfaces, Memory Used,…
● The interconection of computer components, the organization of the computer is defined by its internal
registers, the timing and control structure, and the set of instructions that it uses.
● A computer instruction is a binary code that specifies a sequence of microoperations for the
computer.
● An instruction code is a group of bits that instruct the computer to perform a specific operation.
● Instruction code is usually divided into two parts.
○ Operation part - Group of bits that define such operations as add, subtract, multiply, shift, and
complement.
○ Address part - Contains registers or memory words where the address of operand is found or
the result is to be stored.
● Each computer has its own instruction code format.
6

… cont.
Five Classic Components of Computer
- Input
- Output
- Memory
- Datapath
- CPU
8

3. Organizational Structure of Computer
9

4. Computer System Software, Interaction of Hardware and Software
11

Tip:
13
2x transistors/chip every 1.5 years!

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Introduction to computer Architecture. this will be helpful for Information Technology and Computer science Students and also for Lecturers.

1. Computer Organization and Architecture By: Abay G. CHAPTER ONE 1

2. Chapter Contents 2 1. Basics of Computer Organization and architecture 2. Functional units of Computer 3. Organizational Structure of Computer 4. Computer System Software Interaction of Hardware and Software

3. 1. Basics of Computer Organization and architecture 3

4. … Computer architecture ● Computer systems ○ Underlying hardware ○ Software running on it ● Computer architecture ○ Defn: It refers to the attributes of a system visible to a programmer that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program E.g. : Instruction set, No. of bits for various datatypes,… ○ The hardware/software interface seen by the user ○ Instruction set architecture (ISA) ● Processor microarchitecture ○ Implementation of a given architecture ○ May or may not be visible to the user 4

5. … Computer architecture Computer Architecture or Instruction Set Architecture 5 Transistors Logic gates Microarchitecture Architecture

6. … Computer Organization ● Defn: It refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. E.g. Interfaces, Memory Used,… ● The interconection of computer components, the organization of the computer is defined by its internal registers, the timing and control structure, and the set of instructions that it uses. ● A computer instruction is a binary code that specifies a sequence of microoperations for the computer. ● An instruction code is a group of bits that instruct the computer to perform a specific operation. ● Instruction code is usually divided into two parts. ○ Operation part - Group of bits that define such operations as add, subtract, multiply, shift, and complement. ○ Address part - Contains registers or memory words where the address of operand is found or the result is to be stored. ● Each computer has its own instruction code format. 6

7. 2. Functional Units of Computer 7

8. … cont. Five Classic Components of Computer - Input - Output - Memory - Datapath - CPU 8

9. 3. Organizational Structure of Computer 9

10. … Cont. 10 Computer Organization

11. 4. Computer System Software, Interaction of Hardware and Software 11

12. … cont. 12

13. Tip: 13 2x transistors/chip every 1.5 years!

14. Thank You! ? 14

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