Introduction to Git

Dec 8, 20168 likes15,376 views

Git is a distributed version control system that was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 to manage changes to files over time. It works by tracking changes made to files in a git repository and allowing users to commit snapshots of changes. The key git commands are git init to create a new repository, git clone to copy an existing one, git add to stage changes, git commit to commit staged changes, and git log to view the commit history. GitHub is a popular web-based hosting service for git repositories.

Introduction to
Sameeh Jubran, Sameeh@daynix.com

Use cases
Consider this scenario:
● You have a homework submission in Matam for today
and the assignment is ready for submission
● While testing it you discovered a minor bug and decided
to fix it

Use cases
● After attempting to do so, you accidentally changed a
working code and got yourself in a big mess
● You no longer remember what was and what wasn’t
there
● It is 23:58 PM

Now you realize that CTRL + Z won’t solve your
problems

What is git?
● Open source project originally developed in 2005 by
Linus Torvalds
● A command line utility
● You can imagine git as something that sits on top of
your file system and manipulates files.
● A distributed version control system - DCVS

What is “distributed version
control system” ?
● Version control system is a system that records
changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can
recall specific versions later
● Distributed means that there is no main server and all
of the full history of the project is available once you
cloned the project.

A brief history
● In 2002, the Linux kernel project began using a DVCS
called BitKeeper
● In 2005, the commercial company that developed
BitKeeper broke down, and the tool’s free-of-charge
status was revoked
● This prompted the Linux development community (and
in particular Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux) to
develop their own tool - git

● You can imagine git as something that sits on top of
your file system and manipulates files.
● This “something” is a tree structure where each commit
creates a new node in that tree.
● Nearly all git commands actually
serve to navigate on this tree and
to manipulate it accordingly.
git
branch
commit

git repository
● The purpose of git is to manage a project, or a set of
files, as they change over time. Git stores this
information in a data structure called a repository
● A git repository contains, mainly:
○ A set of commits

Commit
● A commit object mainly contains three things:
○ A set of changes the commit introduces
○ Commit message describing the changes
○ A hash, a 40-character string that uniquely identifies
the commit object

Commit
Commit id (hash)
Commit message
The change the commit introduces

Github
● GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service

git workflow
How commits are created?
Introduce changes
Add the change to
staging area
Make that change
“permanent”
git add
git commit

The three steps of git
● Introduce a change: introduce a change to a file that is
being tracked by git
● Add the actual change to staging area: Add the
change you actually want using “git add”
● Commit: Commit the change that has been added using
git commit
Add the change to
staging area
Make that change
“permanent”
git add
git commit
Introduce changes

git commands
● For most of the basic interactions with git you’ll mainly
use 7 commands that we’ll cover here

git commands
● git init
● git clone
● git log
● git diff
● git status
● git add
● git commit

git init
● Creates a new git repository
● Can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project
to a git repository or initialize a new empty repository

git clone
● Copies an existing git repository

git add
● Adds changes
Introduce a change
Add the change to
staging area
Make that change
“permanent”
git add
git commit

git commit
● Creates a commit out of the changes that had been
added
Introduce a change
Add the change to
staging area
Make that change
“permanent”
git add
git commit

git diff
● Displays the change that was introduced
Useful flag:
● --cached:
Displays the change that was added using “git add”

git status
● Displays the file names that has been modified, added
and untracked

Bonus command:
git checkout
● Checking out a commit makes the entire working
directory match that commit

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Receive side scaling (RSS) with eBPF in QEMU and virtio-netYan Vugenfirer

eBPF is a revolutionary technology that can run sandboxed programs in the Linux kernel without changing kernel source code or loading a kernel module. Receive side scaling (RSS) is the mechanism of packet steering for multi-queue NICs optimizing multiple CPU utilization. The first usage of eBPF in QEMU is the optimization of the RSS packet steering in virtio-net. During this session, Yan will provide the motives for the RSS optimization using eBPF, review the technical solution, describe integration with libvirt, and discuss future development and additional usages of eBPF in QEMU.

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Presentation from KVM Forum 2020. In the past, there were several attempted to enable live migration for VMs that are using SR-IOV NICs. We are going to discuss the recent development based on the SR-IOV failover feature in virtio specification and its implementation for the Windows guests. In this session, Annie Li and Yan Vugenfirer will provide an overview of the failover feature and discuss specifics of the Windows guest implementation.

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The document discusses QEMU and adding a new device to it. It begins with an introduction to QEMU and its uses. It then discusses setting up a development environment, compiling QEMU, and examples of existing devices. The main part explains how to add a new "Devix" device by creating source files, registering the device type, initializing PCI configuration, and registering memory regions. It demonstrates basic functionality like interrupts and I/O access callbacks. The goal is to introduce developing new emulated devices for QEMU.

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This document discusses contributing to open source projects using Git. It explains that contributing can help gain programming experience and build a resume while giving back to the community. The overview outlines that contributors commit code to their local Git repository and then send those commits to the project's maintainers and community through patches or pull requests. It provides checklists for testing, coding style and commit messages before sending code. Specifically, it details Linux's strict coding style and two main models - patches sent via email and pull requests on sites like GitHub, outlining their workflows and lifecycles for review and merging code changes.

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Introduction to Git

1. Introduction to Sameeh Jubran, [email protected]

2. Why git is useful?

3. Use cases

4. Use cases

5. Use cases Consider this scenario: ● You have a homework submission in Matam for today and the assignment is ready for submission ● While testing it you discovered a minor bug and decided to fix it

6. Use cases ● After attempting to do so, you accidentally changed a working code and got yourself in a big mess ● You no longer remember what was and what wasn’t there ● It is 23:58 PM

7. Now you realize that CTRL + Z won’t solve your problems

8. What is git?

9. What is git? ● Open source project originally developed in 2005 by Linus Torvalds ● A command line utility ● You can imagine git as something that sits on top of your file system and manipulates files. ● A distributed version control system - DCVS

10. What is “distributed version control system” ? ● Version control system is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later ● Distributed means that there is no main server and all of the full history of the project is available once you cloned the project.

11. A brief history ● In 2002, the Linux kernel project began using a DVCS called BitKeeper ● In 2005, the commercial company that developed BitKeeper broke down, and the tool’s free-of-charge status was revoked ● This prompted the Linux development community (and in particular Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux) to develop their own tool - git

12. Demo

13. ● You can imagine git as something that sits on top of your file system and manipulates files. ● This “something” is a tree structure where each commit creates a new node in that tree. ● Nearly all git commands actually serve to navigate on this tree and to manipulate it accordingly. git branch commit

14. git repository

15. git repository ● The purpose of git is to manage a project, or a set of files, as they change over time. Git stores this information in a data structure called a repository ● A git repository contains, mainly: ○ A set of commits

16. Commit ● A commit object mainly contains three things: ○ A set of changes the commit introduces ○ Commit message describing the changes ○ A hash, a 40-character string that uniquely identifies the commit object

17. Commit Commit id (hash) Commit message The change the commit introduces

18. Github

19. Github ● GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service

20. git workflow How commits are created? Introduce changes Add the change to staging area Make that change “permanent” git add git commit

21. The three steps of git ● Introduce a change: introduce a change to a file that is being tracked by git ● Add the actual change to staging area: Add the change you actually want using “git add” ● Commit: Commit the change that has been added using git commit Add the change to staging area Make that change “permanent” git add git commit Introduce changes

22. Let’s create a commit

23. git commands

24. git commands ● For most of the basic interactions with git you’ll mainly use 7 commands that we’ll cover here

25. git commands ● git init ● git clone ● git log ● git diff ● git status ● git add ● git commit

26. git init ● Creates a new git repository ● Can be used to convert an existing, unversioned project to a git repository or initialize a new empty repository

27. git clone ● Copies an existing git repository

28. git log Shows the commit logs

29. git add ● Adds changes Introduce a change Add the change to staging area Make that change “permanent” git add git commit

30. git commit ● Creates a commit out of the changes that had been added Introduce a change Add the change to staging area Make that change “permanent” git add git commit

31. git diff ● Displays the change that was introduced Useful flag: ● --cached: Displays the change that was added using “git add”

32. git status ● Displays the file names that has been modified, added and untracked

33. Bonus command: git checkout ● Checking out a commit makes the entire working directory match that commit

34. Q&A

35. Cheat Sheet

Introduction to Git

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