introduction to HTML. How to learn HTML coding

PRESENTATION ON HTML
Course title: Web Engineering
Course code: CSE 356
Presented by-
MD.Meheraf Hossan 2002021
Mrinmoy Saha 1902050
ASM Sayem 1902064

HTML CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
OBJECTIVE OF HTML
WORLD WIDE WEB
HTML TOOLS
HTML TERMINOLGY
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML DOCUMENT
TEXT TEGS
SPECIAL CHARTACTER
ADVANTAGES OF HTML
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the World Wide
Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called ‘Tags’ that are helpful in
writing the document to be displayed using a browser on Internet.
• It is a platform independent language that can be used on any platform such as
Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To display a document in web it is essential to
mark-up the different elements (headings, paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the
document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up document user has to open the
document in a browser. A browser understands and interpret the HTML tags,
identifies the structure of the document (which part are which) and makes decision
about presentation (how the parts look) of the document.
• HTML also provides tags to make the document look attractive using graphics, font
size and colors. User can make a link to the other document or the different section of
the same document by creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks

OBJECTIVE OF HTML
create, save and view a HTML document
format a web page using section heading tags
describe Ordered and Unordered lists
explain graphics in HTML document
describe hypertext links and making text/image link

WORLD WIDE WEB
The World Wide Web is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With
a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.

HTML TOOLS
• a) HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses to create and save HTML documents.
They fall into two categories:
• - Text based or code based. e.g. Notepad.
• - Netscape composer
• b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses to view and test the HTML documents.
They translate Html encoded files into text, image, sounds and other features user see.
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic Chrome are examples of browsers that
enables user to view text and images and many more other World Wide Web features.
They are software that must be installed on user computer.
There are two tools of HTML.

HTML TERMINOLGY
Some commonly used terms in HTML are:
a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles brackets. it is a piece of text is used to
identify an element so that the browser realizes how to display its contents.e.g.<HTML>
tag indicates the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be two types. They are:-
-Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed between a tag and its
companions tag.In paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as opening tag and the second
tag is referred to as closing tag.
-Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a companion tag .unpaired tag also
known as singular or Stand-Alone tags.e.g: ,<hr> etc.

HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that specified in the opening angle
brackets. It supplies additional information like color,size,home font-style etc to
the browser about a tag. E.g. most of the common attributes are height,
color,width,src,border,align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules written in standard
Generalized Markup Language(SGML).HTML is define in terms of its DTDS. All
the details of HTML tags, entities and related document structure are defined in
the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s structure such as a
title, a paragraph or a list. It can include an opening and a closing tag and the
contents within it.

HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
The essential tags that are required to create a HTML
document are:
<HTML>.............</HTML>
<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
<BODY>.............</BODY>

HTML Tag <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text within your document. It is
an optional tag. You can create an HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser
can still read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the start and stop tags.
The format is:
• <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here
• </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag. The closing tag is the same
as the opening tag, except for the slash mark.
e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.

An HTML document has two distinct parts
HEAD and BODY
• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>

HEAD Tag <HEAD>
• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains TITLE tag to give the document a title
that displays on the browsers title bar at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>

BODY Tag <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document with all the HTML tags that
are used for control and formatting of the page.The Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,
Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.

Attributes used with <BODY>
• BGCOLOR: used to set the background color for the document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
• TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>

• MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document LEFTMARGIN: set the left
hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
• TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>

• BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file (the files with
an extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the background of the
document. The image file will be tiled across the document.
Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>

Follow the steps to create and view in
browser
• Step-1: Open text editor Notepad (click on Start→ All Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>

SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML DOCUMENT
Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save
As give File name: myfirstpage.html-choose save as type:
All Files-click save)
Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet
Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok

TEXT TEGS
• Text tag are dividing into two categories as:
-Character-level tags and attributes which applies to formatting of individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.

Character Formatting Tag
• The character formatting tags are used to specify how a particular text should be displayed on
the screen to distinguish certain characters within the document.

The most common character formatting tags
are
• Boldface : displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the Internet World 
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Italics : displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the Internet World 
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Subscript : displays text in Subscript
• Superscript : displays text in Superscript
• Small : displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
• Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
• Underlinespecifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example: hello
Output: hello

Font Colors and Size:
• By using Tag one can specify the colors, size of the text. Example:
 Your text goes here 
Attributes of are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal format), or by
name. Example: Your text goes here

Font Colors and Size:<FONT
• SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it will add with the default size.
• Example:
 Font Size changes to 5 
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on the user’s machine.
• Example:
• the text will be displayed in Arial

An HTML document formatText.html shows the use of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Welcome to the world of Internet</H1>
It is a

Network of Networks

</BODY>
</HTML>

OUTPUT
Welcome to the world of Internet
It is a Network of Networks

MARQUEE TAG
• This tag is used text horizontally across the screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a page.
• Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>

Attributes of marquee tag
• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.
• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.

paragraph Formatting Tag
• Paragraph level formatting applies to formatting of an entire portion of text unlike character
level tags where only individual letters or words are formatted.

The most common paragraph formatting tags
are
• Using paragraph tag: 
T h i s t a g i n d i c a t e s a p a r a g r a p h ,u s e d t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs
with a blank line.
• Example:
 Welcome to the world of HTML 
 First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her

Using Line Break Tag: 
• The empty tag is used, where the text needs to start from a new line and not continue
on the same line. To get every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line break.
• Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling 
B-31B, Calipash Colony 
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004

Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s p a c i n g a n d l i n e b r e a
k s s u c h a s t y p i n g a p o e m . B r o w s e r preserves your space and line break in
the text written inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004

An HTML document control.html shows the use of ,
 and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

An HTML document control.html shows the use of ,
 and <PRE>


HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. 
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple 
and easy to learn. 

<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for creating web
page. It is very simple and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
and easy to learn.

Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal rules. It can be used to
separate two sections of text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her

<HR> accepts following attributes
• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The value is given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative width as percentage of the document
width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50 percent of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal
to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it specifies that the horizontal rule
should not be shaded at all.
• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>

HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>tags
HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify section headings. Text with
header tags is displayed in larger and bolder fonts than the normal body text by a web
browser. Every .header leaves a blank line above and below it when displayed in browse.

Example: An HTML document, headings.html shows
the different section headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1

SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• There are certain special characters that can be used while creating document.Following are
some special character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣ ♠ ♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;

Example:
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
• Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®

ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.

DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
• It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static
language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not to
use them
• Deprecated tags appear because another language that works
with HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the
other language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited

introduction to HTML. How to learn HTML coding

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