Introduction to java programming
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![HelloWorld
• Note that String is built in
• println is a member function for the System.out class
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontojavaprogramming-150518051143-lva1-app6891/85/Introduction-to-java-programming-5-320.jpg)
![An array is an object
• Person mary = new Person ( );
• int myArray[ ] = new int[5];
• or:
• int myArray[ ] = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25};
• String languages [ ] = {"Prolog", "Java"};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontojavaprogramming-150518051143-lva1-app6891/85/Introduction-to-java-programming-14-320.jpg)
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Introduction to java programming
- 2. Why Java? •It’s the current “hot” language •It’s almost entirely object-oriented •It has a vast library of predefined objects and operations •It’s more platform independent • this makes it great for Web programming •It’s more secure •It isn’t C++
- 3. Applets, Servlets and Applications •An applet is designed to be embedded in a Web page, and run by a browser •Applets run in a sandbox with numerous restrictions; for example, they can’t read files and then use the network •A servlet is designed to be run by a web server •An application is a conventional program
- 4. Java Virtual Machine •The .class files generated by the compiler are not executable binaries • so Java combines compilation and interpretation •Instead, they contain “byte-codes” to be executed by the Java Virtual Machine • other languages have done this, e.g. UCSD Pascal •This approach provides platform independence, and greater security
- 5. HelloWorld • Note that String is built in • println is a member function for the System.out class public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } }
- 6. Comments are almost like C++ • /* This kind of comment can span multiple lines */ • // This kind is to the end of the line • /** * This kind of comment is a special * ‘javadoc’ style comment */
- 7. Primitive data types are like C Main data types are int, double, boolean, char Also have byte, short, long, float boolean has values true and false Declarations look like C, for example, double x, y; int count = 0;
- 8. Expressions are like C •Assignment statements mostly look like those in C; you can use =, +=, *= etc. •Arithmetic uses the familiar + - * / % •Java also has ++ and -- •Java has boolean operators && || ! •Java has comparisons < <= == != >= > •Java does not have pointers or pointer arithmetic
- 9. Control statements are like C if (x < y) smaller = x; if (x < y){ smaller=x;sum += x;} else { smaller = y; sum += y; } while (x < y) { y = y - x; } do { y = y - x; } while (x < y) for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) sum += i;
- 10. what is a class? •A class consists of • a collection of fields, or variables, very much like the named fields of a struct • all the operations (called methods) that can be performed on those fields • can be instantiated •A class describes objects and operations defined on those objects
- 11. Name conventions • Java is case-sensitive; maxval, maxVal, and MaxVal are three different names • Class names begin with a capital letter • All other names begin with a lowercase letter • Subsequent words are capitalized: theBigOne • Underscores are not used in names • These are very strong conventions!
- 12. An example of a class class Person { String name; int age; void birthday ( ) { age++; System.out.println (name + ' is now ' + age); } }
- 13. Creating and using an object •Person john; john = new Person ( ); john.name = "John Smith"; john.age = 37; •Person mary = new Person ( ); mary.name = "Mary Brown"; mary.age = 33; mary.birthday ( );
- 14. An array is an object • Person mary = new Person ( ); • int myArray[ ] = new int[5]; • or: • int myArray[ ] = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}; • String languages [ ] = {"Prolog", "Java"};