Introduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller.pdf
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The document discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers. It defines a microprocessor as a central processing unit on a single chip that performs arithmetic and logical operations, while a microcontroller contains additional components like memory, timers and I/O ports on a single chip. The document lists differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers like fixed vs flexible memory and I/O, and provides examples of each. It also outlines criteria for choosing a microcontroller like meeting task needs efficiently, development support available, and future availability.
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- Common development boards and microcontrollers
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Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the.pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the.pdfaienterpresses Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6. 1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each. 6.4 Assume
the system described in Problem 6.1 is lo be fed from a 4.0V. 2A00 mAh lithium battery.
Estimate the expected battery life, assuming LEDs are driven dynamically at 30% duty cycle.
What would be the regulator efficiency?? Determine the MCU thermal dissipation for the given
loading conditions and verify if it is operating within a safe temperature range.
Solution
An interface is either Input device, or output device, or a storage device, or processing device.
Input devices are used to provide some data to the microcontroller.
e.g. Switch, 4x4 Keypad Matrix, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor, Light Sensor etc. These
devices provide some input to the microcontroller, and this input is called as data.
Output devices are used to present the processed data to user or other equipment.
e.g. LED, LCD, Buzzer, Relay driver, DC Motor Driver, Stepper Motor driver, 7-Segment
Display etc. These devices convert the processed data to such a format, which is understandable
by human or other equipment.
Storage Devices are used to store the data, normally it is expected to store the data even if the
power is switched off. Some of the storage devices are SD/MMC card, EEPROM, DataFlash,
Real Time Clock, etc. These interfaces are used retain the data and this data can be used as and
when required by the microcontroller for further processing
Processing Devices are those interfaces most important as they reduce product development time
and provides out of box solution. E.g. Ethernet Controller interface, USB to TTL interface, SPI
to SD/MMC interface, Digital to analog module, etc. These interface circuits are flexible to
connect with any microcontroller which can talk in their language (sequence of commands).
A simple LED normally requires 0 or 5V to on / off. This is called as digital signal.
A buzzer beep similar to LED but can be beeped even with intermediate voltage levels between 0
to 5V. This variable voltage input is called as analog signal.
A temperature sensor LM35 generates analog voltage in proportion to the temperature. This
analog voltage needs to be connected to Analog Port pin of a microcontroller for processing
temperature data.
Ethernet controller module requires SPI data format to interface with any microcontroller. SPI is
a complex digital communication format.
Thus every interface is unique in its interfacing standards, but they are same at par with all
microcontrollers..
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- Common development boards and microcontrollers
- Memory types, buses, I/O and basic operation of microcontrollers
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Estimate the expected battery life, assuming LEDs are driven dynamically at 30% duty cycle.
What would be the regulator efficiency?? Determine the MCU thermal dissipation for the given
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An interface is either Input device, or output device, or a storage device, or processing device.
Input devices are used to provide some data to the microcontroller.
e.g. Switch, 4x4 Keypad Matrix, Infrared sensor, Temperature sensor, Light Sensor etc. These
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and provides out of box solution. E.g. Ethernet Controller interface, USB to TTL interface, SPI
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A simple LED normally requires 0 or 5V to on / off. This is called as digital signal.
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A temperature sensor LM35 generates analog voltage in proportion to the temperature. This
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temperature data.
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Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the .pdf
Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the .pdfaienterpresses Introduction to embedded systems using the msp430 6.1 Enumerate the elements of a basic
microcontroller interface and indicate two major criteria for the selection of each.
Solution
Microcontroller is a single chip micro computer made through VLSI fabrication. A
microcontroller also called an embedded controller because the microcontroller and its support
circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control. A microcontroller is
available in different word lengths like microprocessors (4bit,8bit,16bit,32bit,64bit and 128 bit
microcontrollers are available today).
Microcontroller Chip
You can find microcontrollers in all kinds of electronic devices these days. Any device that
measures, stores, controls, calculates, or displays information must have a microcontroller chip
inside. The largest single use for microcontrollers is in automobile industry (microcontrollers
widely used for controlling engines and power controls in automobiles). You can also find
microcontrollers inside keyboards, mouse, modems, printers, and other peripherals. In test
equipments, microcontrollers make it easy to add features such as the ability to store
measurements, to create and store user routines, and to display messages and waveforms.
Consumer products that use microcontrollers include digital camcorders, optical players,
LCD/LED display units, etc. And these are just a few examples.
1) A microcontroller basically contains one or more following components:
2) A microcontroller internally consists of all features required for a computing system and
functions as a computer without adding any external digital parts in it.
3) Most of the pins in the microcontroller chip can be made programmable by the user.
4) A microcontroller has many bit handling instructions that can be easily understood by the
programmer.
5) A microcontroller is capable of handling Boolean functions.
6) Higher speed and performance.
7) On-chip ROM structure in a microcontroller provides better firmware security.
8 ) Easy to design with low cost and small size.
Microcontroller structure
The basic structure and block diagram of a microcontroller is shown in the fig (1.1).
Microcontroller Structure
Image Taken From
CPU is the brain of a microcontroller .CPU is responsible for fetching the instruction, decodes it,
then finally executed. CPU connects every part of a microcontroller into a single system. The
primary function of CPU is fetching and decoding instructions. Instruction fetched from program
memory must be decoded by the CPU.
The function of memory in a microcontroller is same as microprocessor. It is used to store data
and program. A microcontroller usually has a certain amount of RAM and ROM (EEPROM,
EPROM, etc) or flash memories for storing program source codes.
Parallel input/output ports are mainly used to drive/interface various devices such as LCD’S,
LED’S, printers, memories, etc to a microcontroller.
Serial ports provide various serial interfaces between microcont.
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- 1. Engineering Funda Android App Engineering Funda AVR Play List Click Engineering Funda YT Channel AVR Microcontroller Introduction to Microprocessor & Microcontroller E n g i n e e r i n g F u n d a
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- 4. Engineering Funda Android App Engineering Funda AVR Play List Click Engineering Funda YT Channel What is a Microcontroller? A microcontroller is a chip optimized to control electronic devices. It is stored in a single integrated circuit which is dedicated to performing a particular task and execute one specific application. It is specially designed circuits for embedded applications and is widely used in automatically controlled electronic devices. It contains memory, processor, and programmable I/O. E n g i n e e r i n g F u n d a
- 5. Engineering Funda Android App Engineering Funda AVR Play List Click Engineering Funda YT Channel Differences between Microprocessor and Microcontroller Microprocessor Microcontroller Contains only CPU: RAM, ROM, I/O timer are separately provided CPU, RAM,ROM,I/O timer are all on a single chip Designer decides on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports Fix amount of on chip ROM, RAM and I/O ports Doesn’t support bit addressability Supports bit addressability Better for multi tasking Weak for multi tasking General Purpose Single Purpose Architecture : Von numann Architecture: Harvard High Speed and High Cost Low Speed and Low Cost MP based system requires more hardware to be interfaced MC based system requires less hardware to be interfaced 8085, 8086, core2 duo, core i7 are examples of intel processor AVR, PIC , ARM, 8051 are some of the microcontroller family E n g i n e e r i n g F u n d a
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- 8. Engineering Funda Android App Engineering Funda AVR Play List Click Engineering Funda YT Channel 2) How easy it is to develop products around it • Availability of assembler, debugger, compiler, third party vendor support 3) MC should be available in needed quantities both now and in future. E n g i n e e r i n g F u n d a
- 9. Engineering Funda Android App Engineering Funda AVR Play List Click Engineering Funda YT Channel Thank You E n g i n e e r i n g F u n d a