Introduction to Mobile Development
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This document provides an overview of mobile development. It discusses key mobile platforms like iOS and Android. For iOS, it covers features of iOS 5, the Xcode development environment, and testing tools. For Android, it discusses the open source nature, features, architecture, Java-based development using Eclipse/Android SDK, and testing framework. It also compares high-level differences between developing for iOS vs Android like required tools and programming languages.
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Android Features
Handset layouts
The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL
ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.
Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.
Connectivity
Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-
DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.
Messaging
SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and now
Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service.
Multiple language support
Android supports multiple languages.[42]
Web browser
The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled
with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on Android 4.0.
Java support
While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform
and Java byte code is not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on
Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-
powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third-
party applications.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/introductiontomobiledevelopment1-120422121304-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Mobile-Development-13-320.jpg)
Introduction to Mobile Development
- 1. Introduction to Mobile Development By Pragnesh Vaghela Technology Three March 2012
- 2. 2 Agenda Mobile Matters iOS 5 Android When a Native Application makes sense? Mobile Web Applications Sencha Touch 2 jQuery Mobile PhoneGap Design Considerations for Building Mobile Applications Demos
- 3. 3 Mobile Matters - Growth is explosive
- 4. 4 Selling Like Hot Cakes
- 5. 5 Understand the medium and the context Features What it means: GPS Location-Aware Touch Intimate and Interactive Physical Sensors (A/V) Intelligence Contacts Personal and Social Relevant at Point of Portability Consideration
- 7. 7 Mobile OS iOS – iPhone, iPad and iPods Android – Smartphones, Laptops, Netbooks, eBook Readers, Google TV BlackBerry – Smartphones and PlayBook Microsoft – Windows Phones and Windows 8 for Desktops and Tablets HP webOS – Smartphones and HP TouchPad tablet Symbian – Maintained by Accenture till 2016 Mobile Web Applications – HTML 5, CSS & JavaScript
- 8. 8 What is iOS 5? Apple OS Objective-C Devices: iPhone 3GS and above iPod Touch 3rd Gen and above All iPads 200+ new features, including iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center Newsstand, Reminders Siri (voice dictation, commands) for iPhone 4Ss PC Free No longer requires a computer for Activation, Upgrades, Backups via Wi-Fi
- 9. 9 iOS 5 Enterprise Features Core iOS Apps Sync MobileMe Mail, Contacts, and Calendars across devices Sync Reminders, Bookmarks, Notes Photo Stream Automatically uploads pictures taken to iCloud Syncs to all devices Stores last 1000 photos taken on any device Document Sync For apps that use iCloud, synchronizes docs across all devices including Macs/PCs iWork will be the first mainstream app using iCloud Data (Key/Value) Sync Synchronizes key/value pair information within an app Generally used for settings, state information, etc. Backup Over the air backup of device, using Wi-Fi
- 10. 10 iOS 5 Development & Deployment Xcode for Lion (OSX) Free to download Complete Xcode developer toolset for Mac, iPhone, and iPad. It includes the Xcode IDE, iOS Simulator, and all required tools and frameworks for building OS X and iOS apps. iOS Developer Program ($99 / year) Develop your application with the iOS SDK and wealth of technical resources in the iOS Dev Center Test and debug your code on iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch Distribute your apps on the App Store via iTunes Technical Support includes 2 incidents with Apple engineers iOS Developer Enterprise Program ($299 / year) Distribute your in-house iOS apps to employees of your organization Test and Debug your application by directly installing and testing on the iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch Technical Support includes 2 incidents with Apple engineers per membership year iOS Developer University Program (Free) Degree granting higher education institution offering iOS development curriculum
- 11. iOS Testing 11 The Xcode unit-testing environment is based on the open-source SenTestingKit framework Xcode offers two types of unit tests: logic tests and application tests Logic tests - These tests check the correct functionality of a unit of code by itself (not in an app). You can also use logic tests to perform stress-testing of your code. Application tests - These tests check units of code in the context of your app. You can use these tests to perform hardware testing, such as getting the location of the device on which your app is running. Logic tests run only in simulators
- 12. 12 Android Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google Google releases the Android code as open-source, under the Apache License The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android
- 13. 13 Android Features Handset layouts The platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts. Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes. Connectivity Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV- DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX. Messaging SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and now Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service. Multiple language support Android supports multiple languages.[42] Web browser The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores 100/100 on the Acid3 test on Android 4.0. Java support While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery- powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third- party applications.
- 14. 14 Android Features Media support Streaming media support Additional hardware support Multi-touch Bluetooth Video calling Multitasking Voice based features Tethering Screen capture External storage
- 16. Android Development 16 Development Requirements Java Android SDK Eclipse (optional) Programming Language(s) Java – officially supported C/C++ – also possible but not supported IDE and Tools Android SDK Class Library Developer Tool: dx – Dalvik Cross-Assembler aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool adb – Android Debug Bridge ddms – Dalvik Debug Monitor Service Emulator and System Images Documentation and Sample Code Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools) Reduces Development and Testing Time Makes User Interface-Creation easier Makes Application Description Easier
- 17. 17 Android Testing The Android development environment includes an integrated testing framework that helps you test all aspects of your application The Android testing API is based on the JUnit API and extended with a instrumentation framework and Android-specific testing classes Android instrumentation is a set of control methods or "hooks" in the Android system. These hooks control an Android component independently of its normal lifecycle. They also control how Android loads applications The SDK tools for building and tests are available in Eclipse with ADT and also in command-line form The SDK also provides monkeyrunner, an API testing devices with Python programs, and UI/Application Exerciser Monkey, a command-line tool for stress-testing UIs by sending pseudo-random events to a device A key feature of the Android testing framework is its component-specific test case classes: Activity Testing - Input validation, Lifecycle events, Intents, Runtime configuration changes, Screen sizes and resolutions Content Provider Testing - business logic, resolver methods, public provider as a contract Service Testing - onCreate(), onDestroy(), correctly handles multiple calls from Context.startService(), startService() calls don't nest, business logic that your Service implements
- 18. 18 Android Deployment Google Play is a digital content service from Google which includes an online store for music, movies, books, and Android apps and games, as well as a cloud media player Service is accessible from the web, the Android app, or Google TV Content is instantly available across all of these devices after purchase Before you can publish software on the Google Play, you must do 3 things: Create a developer profile Agree to the Google Play Developer Distribution Agreement Pay a registration fee ( $25.00) with your credit card (using Google Checkout)
- 19. 19 iOS vs Android iOS Android Buy a Mac, download the free Xcode download the SDK, setup Eclipse and Installer from the Mac App Store, and install Google‟s ADT Plugin start writing code development is done in Objective-C development is done in Java or C/C++ deploy costs $99/yr and app has to pass Google simple takes a $25 flat fee to a screening process shelf your apps iOS “Simulator” - runs native code Android Emulator - runs on a virtual machine Debug takes 5 seconds on the iOS Debug takes about 30 seconds to Simulator redeploy and start up in the Emulator on a perfectly-modern machine has Interface Builder create UI layouts in XML Devices have known screen dimensions suffers from fragmentation - many and hardware versions of the OS and Devices on the market
- 20. 20 Reasons for Native Applications Performance Offline Mode Findability Device Attributes Monetization
- 21. 21 Mobile Web Application HTML5 & JavaScript frameworks
- 22. 22 Reasons for Mobile Web Applications Native not for all applications Good enough for many applications JavaScript performance improving HTML 5 CSS 3 Modern Browsers Easy to Deploy and Maintain
- 23. 23 When does an App Make Sense? Interactivity/Gaming – for interactive games (think Angry Birds) an app is almost always going to be your best choice Regular Usage/Personalization – If your target users are going to be using your app in a personalized fashion on a regular basis (think EverNote) then an app provides a great way to do that. Complex Calculations or Reporting – If you need something that will take data and allow you to manipulate it with complex calculations, charts or reports (think banking or investment) an app will help you do that very effectively. Native Functionality or Processing Required - if you need to access a user's camera or processing power an app will still do that much more effectively. No connection Required – If you need to provide offline access to content or perform functions without a network/wireless connection then an app makes sense.
- 24. 24 Mobile JavaScript Libraries jQueryMobile Sencha Touch 2 uses Ext JS 4 PhoneGap
- 25. 25 Sencha Touch 2 - Mobile JavaScript uses Ext JS 4 framework Sencha Touch is licensed under free commercial and open source licenses for application development, and a paid commercial license for OEM uses. High-performance HTML5 mobile application framework that enables developers to build fast and impressive apps that work on iOS, Android, BlackBerry, Kindle Fire, and more. Sencha SDK Tools give you the best of both worlds, providing a way to seamlessly “wrap” your web app in a native shell. Whether you‟re on Mac or Windows, you‟re one command away from deploying to the Apple App Store or Google Play Sencha Touch Charts with natural gestures visualizing and understanding complex datasets is effortless. Pinch-to-zoom, swipe-to-pan across data, and tap for deep dives. Data flows come to life with every tap, pinch, and swipe. Features AJAX - Sencha Touch provides full AJAX support, including CORS and JSON-P DOM manipulation - Full DOM manipulation support available Feature Detection - Automatically detects the presence of features like geolocation, canvas and orientation support Geolocation - Provides a simple wrapper around geolocation on devices that support it Icons - 300 icons included Example apps - 8 full example apps included Touch events - Provides a full range of touch events and gestures like tap, swipe and pinch
- 26. 26 jQuery - Mobile JavaScript Touch-Optimized Web Framework for Smartphones & Tablets A very popular Open Source JavaScript library jQuery Mobile has broad support for the vast majority of all modern desktop, smartphone, tablet, and e-reader platforms Simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating and Ajax interactions Cross browser compatibility CSS3 selectors compliant Fast and Small footprint Tons on plugins jQuery UI jQuery Mobile
- 27. 27 PhoneGap - Mobile JavaScript PhoneGap is an open-source project that has been moved to the Apache Software Foundation Get cross-platform mobile apps in three easy steps Write your app using HTML, CSS and JavaScript Upload it to the PhoneGap Build service Get back app-store ready apps for Apple iOS, Google Android, Palm, Symbian, Blackberry and more
- 28. 28 PhoneGap Features PhoneGap provides a basic JavaScript API (interface) to your device and allows you to do much more than a standard mobile website. These features include the following: Accelerometer enables you to track the relative motion of the physical device Camera provides full support for both taking pictures and working with existing pictures Capture helps you capture both audio and video Compass allows you to tap into the compass of the device Connection tells you if the device is connected and how it is connected Contacts offers full support for searching the user's contact database as well as adding new contacts Device provides basic information about the device, including the device's operating system Events detects various device-specific events, including resume, and is useful when a phone call interrupts your application File delivers basic file read and write operations for the device Geolocation tracks where the device is Media provides basic audio playback features Notification offers a richer notification system than the basic alerts and confirmation screens most mobile browsers provide Storage provides access to a SQLite database for your application and provides much richer support for data storage
- 29. PhoneGap Features 29
- 31. 31 Analytics Google Analytics for Mobile Apps SDKs provide an interface for tracking activity within mobile apps and reporting that activity to Google Analytics Google Analytics SDKs for iOS and Android Usethe mobile tracking SDK to track your phone applications with the following Analytics interaction types: Pageview Tracking Event Tracking Ecommerce Tracking Custom Variables Mobile ads for your app (Android only)
- 32. 32 Design Considerations for Building Mobile Applications Decide on the Application type - Native, Web or Hybrid Security - store data in encrypted form on the local device or access it real time Storage - Use the phone‟s data memory judiciously Connection & bandwidth - Understand that the users pay for every byte transmitted and received. Before you open up a data connection or before you start downloading that large piece of data from a service, warn the user Handle system interrupts effectively - When your application is pushed to the background, pause those game timers, disable those animations, and save the state of your application Memory usage - Limited memory so code wisely Battery - is very important. if you are building a location-aware application, do not query the GPS sensor every few milliseconds. Graphics - What differentiates your application from the „other‟ applications is UI responsiveness and graphics. Spend more time in formulating the UI. Sync - understand the synchronous and asynchronous way of interacting with the remote services. How will you handle push messages? How will you sync the local data store with the remote store? Finally, do not just build applications. Build solutions.
- 33. 33 Reference https://developer.apple.com/ http://developer.android.com/ https://play.google.com http://phonegap.com/ http://jquerymobile.com/ http://www.sencha.com/ http://code.google.com/apis/analytics/docs/mobile/overview .html http://www.slideshare.net/jeremiah_owyang/developing-a- mobile-strategy
Editor's Notes
- #12: Test case methods are written in Objective-Ca good idea to have a plan for rigorously testing the app on a variety of devices and iOS versions. It’s not sufficient to test the app using a simulator and on a device provisioned for development. A simulator doesn’t run all threads that run on devices, and launching apps on devices using Xcode disables some of the watchdog timers (If an application takes too long to complete its initial startup, the operating system terminates the application) At a minimum, test the app on all the devices you have available.