Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts and Java
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Class is a blueprint that represents common objects and contains their shared elements. An object is an instance of a class that has a specific state and behavior. Java supports object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It is a popular language that is hardware independent, allowing programs to run on different platforms.
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Introduction to Object-Oriented Concepts and Java
- 4. •Class –Is a blueprint or template of an object –It represents broad groups of objects –It contains elements common to a group of objects –Example: •Flower •Vehicle
- 5. •Object –Is an instance of a class –It is a specific occurrence of a class –Objects have state and behavior –Example: •Cat is an instance of the class Animal •Car is an instance of the class Vehicle –A cat has several states: asleep, alive, lost Its behavior could be: eating, jumping, etc.
- 6. •Encapsulation –Means that data and instructions are wrapped up together and treated as a unit •Inheritance –Ability to “inherit”, use or modify existing or predefined classes
- 7. •Polymorphism –The ability of objects to respond or behave differently –Example: Different animals respond differently to a command such as “Speak!”. A cat “purrs”, a dog “barks”, and a cow “moos”
- 8. •Is an object-oriented programming language •Is both a programming language and a platform •Java is hardware-independent and can run on various operating systems
- 9. It’s the current “hot” language It’s almost entirely object-oriented It has a vast library of predefined objects and operations It’s more platform independent this makes it great for Web programming It’s more secure It isn’t C++
- 10. •As a programming language, it –Contains specifications for writing or coding programs –Has a compiler for checking syntax and converting programs to bytecodes –Has a rich set of APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) that can be reused and modified
- 11. •As a platform, it –Converts bytecodes into executable code –Has a JVM (Java Virtual Machine) to run java programs on various operating systems
- 12. •Was created in 1991 by James Gosling, et al. of Sun Microsystems •It was originally designed for consumer electronic devices and was called Oak •With the advent of the Internet, Sun developed a browser named HotJava using Oak
- 13. •In 1994, Sun renamed Oak to Java and released a free alpha version of the JDK (Java Developer’s Kit) composed of Java and HotJava •In 1996, Netscape Communications Corp announced support for Java applets which was later included in version 2.0 of the Navigator browser. JDK Evolutions: J2SE, J2ME, and J2EE
- 14. •Development Tools –Compiler, launcher and documentation tools are in the JDK •Application Programming Interface –Contains classes ready to be used in programs •Deployment Technologies –Contains software for deploying applications to end users
- 15. •User Interface Tookits –Swing and Java2D tookits are available for creating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) •Integration Libraries –A suite of libraries for connecting to databases and manipulating remote objects
- 16. The Java Platform •A platform is the hardware or software environment where a program runs •This usually refers to the operating system and the underlying hardware
- 17. The Java Platform •The Java platform is different in that it is a software-only platform that runs on top of a hardware platform •It has 2 components: Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Java Application Programming Interface (API)
- 18. JRE (Java Runtime) is needed for running Java programs. JDK (Java Development Kit), which includes JRE plus the development tools (such as compiler and debugger), is need for writing as well as running Java programs.
- 19. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) •The Java “interprets” bytecodes, and through its java launcher tool, runs the application program •It sits on top of the operating system. Each operating system has its own JVM.
- 20. Bytecodes is the machine language of the JVM. Source code is written on a text file with a .java extension. This source code is compiled by the java compiler and produces bytecodes with a .class extension.
- 21. There is a JVM for most operating systems (Windows, Linux, Unix, MacOS) This makes Java “portable”, e.g., the same program (in bytecodes) can be “ported” and run on other operating systems without need for recompilation.
- 22. Documentation Section Package Statement Import Statement Interface Statements Class Definitions MainMethod Class { main method definition } Suggested Optional Essential Optional Optional Compulsory
Editor's Notes
- #14: J2SE Standard Edition J2ME Micro Edition J2EE Enterprise Edition