Introduction to Python by Wekanta

Introduction to Python 
a readable, dynamic, pleasant,

ﬂexible, fast and powerful language.
Murtadha Bazli Tukimat 
Developer/Founder at Wekanta 
bazli@wekanta.com
Wekanta

Overview
๏ Background
๏ Syntax
๏ Variables
๏ Data Structure
๏ Comparison
๏ Control Flow
๏ Function
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What is Python?
• Python is a dynamic, interpreted (bytecode-compiled) and
multi-platform language

• No type declarations of variables, parameters, functions,
or methods in source code

• Code become short and fast to compile
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Why Python?
• Machine learning, NLP and data scientiﬁc tools packages

• From embedded system to the web applications 
(Web, GUI, Scripting, etc.)

• A general purpose language

 
Read it more → https://goo.gl/ZwtjJV
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Syntax
๏ Hello World!
๏ Indentation
๏ Naming Convention
๏ Comment
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#!/usr/local/bin/python3 
print(“hello world!”)
Hello World!
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• Indentation aﬀects code's meaning

• End of the line means end of the statement

• Inconsistent indentation == Syntax Error

• Tabs vs Spaces? 
Spaces are the preferred indentation method.
Indentation
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Indentation Cont'd
If foo: 
If bar: 
print('Hello World')
else: 
print('Welcome to Python')
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• b (single lowercase)
• B (single uppercase)

• lowercase
• lower_case_underscore
• UPPERCASE

• UPPER_CASE_UNDERSCORE

• CamelCase
• mixedCase

• Camel_Case_Underscore (ugly)
Naming Convention
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# This is single line comment

' This is also single line comment '

' This is a single line comment too '

''' 
This is example of 
multi-line comment. 
'''
Comment
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Variables
๏ String
๏ Number
๏ Boolean
๏ Null
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String

'This is also single line comment'

''' 
'''
# declaration 
s = 'hello python' 
 
# methods 
s.lower() # return string lowercase version 
s.upper() # return string uppercase version 
s.strip() # remove trailing & leading whitespaces 
s.isalpha() # alphanumeric test 
s.isdigit() # digit/number test 
s.isspace() # spaces test 
s.startswith('hello') # check if string start with 'foo' 
s.endswith('python') # check if string ending with 'bar' 
s.find('hello') # return 'foo' index 
s.replace('hello', 'hi') # replace 'foo' with 'bar' string 
s.split('hello') # return list of substrings 
s.join(list) # opposite of split
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String Cont'd


''' 
'''
# example 
s = 'Hello, this is Python ' 
 
s.lower() # 'hello, this is python ' 
s.upper() # 'HELLO, THIS IS PYTHON ' 
s.strip() # 'Hello, this is Python' 
s.lower().find('hello') # 0 
s.replace('this', 'that') # 'Hello, that is Python ' 
s = s.split(',') # ['Hello', ' this is Python '] 
','.join(s) # 'Hello, this is Python '
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Number


''' 
'''
# integer number 
year = 2010 
year = int('2010')

# ﬂoating point number 
temperature = 27.6 
temperature = float('27.6')

# ﬁxed point number 
price = Decimal('12.50')
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Boolean


''' 
'''
# example 
is_python = True

# cast to any variables 
is_python = bool(0) 
is_python = bool('check')
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Null


''' 
'''
optional_data = None
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Data Structure
๏ List
๏ Dictionary
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List


''' 
'''
# declaration 
list = [] 
list = list()

# methods 
list.append(element) 
list.extend(list2) 
list.insert(index, element) 
list.remove(element) 
list.pop(index) 
list.clear() 
list.index(element) 
list.count(element) 
list.sort() 
list.reverse() 
list.copy()
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List Cont'd


''' 
'''
# example 
list = ['bazli', 'hidayah', 'nabila'] 
 
list.append('others') # append 'others' at end 
list.extend(['yyy', 'zzz']) # add list of element at end 
list.insert(0, 'xxx') # insert 'xxx' at index 0
print(list) 
# ['xxx', 'bazli', 'hidayah', 'nabila', 'others', 'yyy', 'zzz'] 
 
print(list.index('bazli')) # 1 
list.remove('bazli') # search and remove that element 
list.pop(1) # removes and returns 'larry'
print(list.count('xxx')) # 1 
print(list) 
# ['xxx', 'nabila', 'others', 'yyy', 'zzz'] 
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List Slices


''' 
'''
# example 
list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] 
 
print(list[1:-1]) # ['b', 'c'] 
print(list[:-1]) # ['a', 'b', 'c'] 
 
list[0:2] = 'z' # replace ['a', 'b'] with 'z' 
 
print(list) # ['z', 'c', 'd']
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Dictionary


''' 
'''
# declaration 
dict = {} 
dict = dict() 
 
# methods 
dict.clear() 
dict.copy() 
dict.get() 
dict.items() 
dict.keys() 
dict.pop() 
dict.update() 
dict.values()
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Dictionary Cont'd


''' 
'''
# example 
product = {'name': 'sensor', 'price': 25.0} 
 
product['name'] = 'device' # set 'name' to 'device' 
print(product['name']) # temperature sensor 
product.get('name') # sensor 
product.keys() # ['name', 'price'] 
product.pop('name') # remove key 'name' 
product.values() # ['sensor', 25.0] 
 
product.update({'price': 20.0}) # update price value 
product.items() # [ ['name', 'sensor'], ['price', 25.0] ]
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Dictionary Hash Table


''' 
'''
# example 
dict = {} 
dict['a'] = 'alpha' 
dict['o'] = 'omega' 
dict['g'] = 'gamma' 
 
print(dict[‘a']) # 'alpha' 
print(dict) 
# {'a': 'alpha', 'o': 'omega', 'g': 'gamma'}
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Comparison
๏ Operator
๏ Logical
๏ Identity
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Operator


''' 
'''
== # Equal 
 
!= # Not equal 
 
<> # Not equal 
 
>= # More than or equal 
 
<= # Less than or equal 
 
> # More than 
 
< # Less than
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Logical Comparison


''' 
'''
# Logical AND 
a and b 
 
# Logical OR 
a or b 
 
# Logical Negation 
not a 
 
# Compound 
(a and not (a or b)
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Identity Comparison


''' 
'''
# identity 
1 is 1 == True 
 
# non identity 
1 is not '1' == True
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Control Flow
๏ Conditional
๏ For Loop
๏ While Loop
๏ List Comprehension
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Conditional


''' 
'''
# example 
price = 25.0 
 
if price >= 20: 
print('Expensive') 
elif 20 > price >= 10: 
print('Cheap') 
else: 
print('Super Cheap')
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For Loop


''' 
'''
# example 
docs = { 'name': 'sensor', 'price': 25.0 } 
 
# iterate by range 
for x in range(10): 
print(x) 
# 0, 1, 2 …. 
 
# iterate by element / dictionary keys 
for doc in docs: 
print(doc) 
# name, price 
 
# expanded for-loop 
for k, v in docs: 
print(k, v)
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While Loop


''' 
'''
# inﬁnite 
while True: 
print(‘running…’) 
 
# conditional 
while x < 10: 
print(‘running…’) 
x += 1
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List Comprehension


''' 
'''
# example 
docs = [{'name': 'Arduino', 'price': 180.0}, 
{'name': 'Raspberry Pi', 'price': 200.0}] 
 
# common method 
new_list = [] 
for d in docs: 
if d['price'] < 200: 
new_list.append(d['name']) 
 
# list comprehension method 
new_list = [d['name'] for d in docs if d[‘price'] < 200] 
# ['Arduino']
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Function
๏ Function Argument
๏ Arbitrary Argument
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Function Argument


''' 
'''
# basic function 
def my_function(): 
''' Function Documentation ''' 
pass 
 
# keyword argument 
def price_check(price, currency='MYR'): 
''' Check Price ''' 
pass
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Arbitrary Argument


''' 
'''
*args is non-keyworded arguments 
# my_function(1, 2, 3) 
 
**kwargs is keyworded arguments 
# my_function(price=42)

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Arbitrary Argument Cont’d


''' 
'''
# example 
def my_function(*args, **kwargs): 
''' Function Documentation ''' 
for arg in args: 
print(arg) 
 
for key, value in kwargs.items(): 
print(key, value) 
 
# usage 
my_function(1, 2, currency='MYR') 
 
# results 
1 
2 
currency MYR
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Introduction to Python by Wekanta

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