Introduction to TensorFlow 2.0
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The release of TensorFlow 2.0 comes with a significant number of improvements over its 1.x version, all with a focus on ease of usability and a better user experience. We will give an overview of what TensorFlow 2.0 is and discuss how to get started building models from scratch using TensorFlow 2.0’s high-level api, Keras. We will walk through an example step-by-step in Python of how to build an image classifier. We will then showcase how to leverage a transfer learning to make building a model even easier! With transfer learning, we can leverage other pretrained models such as ImageNet to drastically speed up the training time of our model. TensorFlow 2.0 makes this incredibly simple to do.
![import tensorflow as tf # Assuming TF 2.0 is installed
a = tf.constant([[1, 2],[3, 4]])
b = tf.matmul(a, a)
print(b)
# tf.Tensor( [[ 7 10] [15 22]], shape=(2, 2), dtype=int32)
print(type(b.numpy()))
# <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
You can use TF 2.0 like NumPy](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-38-320.jpg)
![model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
For Beginners](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-44-320.jpg)
![model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
For Beginners](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-45-320.jpg)
![model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5)
For Beginners](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-46-320.jpg)
![model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5)
model.evaluate(x_test, y_test)
For Beginners](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-47-320.jpg)
![lstm_cell = tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell(10)
def fn(input, state):
return lstm_cell(input, state)
input = tf.zeros([10, 10]); state = [tf.zeros([10, 10])] * 2
lstm_cell(input, state); fn(input, state) # warm up
# benchmark
timeit.timeit(lambda: lstm_cell(input, state), number=10) # 0.03
Let’s make this faster](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-54-320.jpg)
![lstm_cell = tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell(10)
@tf.function
def fn(input, state):
return lstm_cell(input, state)
input = tf.zeros([10, 10]); state = [tf.zeros([10, 10])] * 2
lstm_cell(input, state); fn(input, state) # warm up
# benchmark
timeit.timeit(lambda: lstm_cell(input, state), number=10) # 0.03
timeit.timeit(lambda: fn(input, state), number=10) # 0.004
Let’s make this faster](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-55-320.jpg)
![model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=[10]),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
Going big: tf.distribute.Strategy](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-59-320.jpg)
![strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy()
with strategy.scope():
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=[10]),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
Going big: Multi-GPU](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-60-320.jpg)
![# Load data
import tensorflow_datasets as tfds
dataset = tfds.load(‘cats_vs_dogs', as_supervised=True)
mnist_train, mnist_test = dataset['train'], dataset['test']
def scale(image, label):
image = tf.cast(image, tf.float32)
image /= 255
return image, label
mnist_train = mnist_train.map(scale).batch(64)
mnist_test = mnist_test.map(scale).batch(64)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-62-320.jpg)
![import tensorflow as tf
base_model = tf.keras.applications.SequentialMobileNetV2(
input_shape=(160, 160, 3),
include_top=False,
weights=’imagenet’)
base_model.trainable = False
model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
base_model,
tf.keras.layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D(),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)
])
# Compile and fit
Transfer Learning](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bradmiro-191029235720/85/Introduction-to-TensorFlow-2-0-67-320.jpg)
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Introduction to TensorFlow 2.0
- 1. Introduction to TensorFlow 2.0 Brad Miro - @bradmiro Google Spark + AI Summit Europe - October 2019
- 2. Deep Learning Intro to TensorFlow TensorFlow @ Google 2.0 and Examples Getting Started TensorFlow
- 3. Deep Learning Doodles courtesy of @dalequark
- 7. Examples of cats Examples of dogs
- 15. You have lots of data (~ 10k+ examples) Use Deep Learning When...
- 16. You have lots of data (~ 10k+ examples) The problem is “complex” - speech, vision, natural language Use Deep Learning When...
- 17. You have lots of data (~ 10k+ examples) The problem is “complex” - speech, vision, natural language The data is unstructured Use Deep Learning When...
- 18. You have lots of data (~ 10k+ examples) The problem is “complex” - speech, vision, natural language The data is unstructured You need the absolute “best” model Use Deep Learning When...
- 19. You don’t have a large dataset Don’t Use Deep Learning When...
- 20. You don’t have a large dataset You are performing sufficiently well with traditional ML methods Don’t Use Deep Learning When...
- 21. You don’t have a large dataset You are performing sufficiently well with traditional ML methods Your data is structured and you possess the proper domain knowledge Don’t Use Deep Learning When...
- 22. You don’t have a large dataset You are performing sufficiently well with traditional ML methods Your data is structured and you possess the proper domain knowledge Your model should be explainable Don’t Use Deep Learning When...
- 24. Open source deep learning library Utilities to help you write neural networks GPU / TPU support Released by Google in 2015 >2200 Contributors 2.0 released September 2019 TensorFlow
- 27. 41,000,000+ 69,000+ 12,000+ 2,200+ downloads commits pull requests contributors
- 29. AI-powered data center efficiency Global localization in Google Maps Portrait Mode on Google Pixel
- 33. 2.0
- 34. Scalable Tested at Google-scale. Deploy everywhere Easy Simplified APIs. Focused on Keras and eager execution Powerful Flexibility and performance. Power to do cutting edge research and scale to > 1 exaflops TensorFlow 2.0
- 37. TF Probability TF Agents Tensor2Tensor TF Ranking TF Text TF Federated TF Privacy ...
- 38. import tensorflow as tf # Assuming TF 2.0 is installed a = tf.constant([[1, 2],[3, 4]]) b = tf.matmul(a, a) print(b) # tf.Tensor( [[ 7 10] [15 22]], shape=(2, 2), dtype=int32) print(type(b.numpy())) # <class 'numpy.ndarray'> You can use TF 2.0 like NumPy
- 40. What’s Gone Session.run tf.control_dependencies tf.global_variables_initializer tf.cond, tf.while_loop tf.contrib What’s New Eager execution by default tf.function Keras as main high-level api Specifics
- 41. tf.keras
- 43. Fast prototyping, advanced research, and production keras.io = reference implementation import keras tf.keras = TensorFlow’s implementation (a superset, built-in to TF, no need to install Keras separately) from tensorflow import keras Keras and tf.keras
- 44. model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax') ]) For Beginners
- 45. model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) For Beginners
- 46. model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5) For Beginners
- 47. model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5) model.evaluate(x_test, y_test) For Beginners
- 48. class MyModel(tf.keras.Model): def __init__(self, num_classes=10): super(MyModel, self).__init__(name='my_model') self.dense_1 = layers.Dense(32, activation='relu') self.dense_2 = layers.Dense(num_classes, activation='sigmoid') For Experts
- 49. class MyModel(tf.keras.Model): def __init__(self, num_classes=10): super(MyModel, self).__init__(name='my_model') self.dense_1 = layers.Dense(32, activation='relu') self.dense_2 = layers.Dense(num_classes, activation='sigmoid') def call(self, inputs): # Define your forward pass here, x = self.dense_1(inputs) return self.dense_2(x) For Experts
- 51. Symbolic (For Beginners) Your model is a graph of layers Any graph you compile will run TensorFlow helps you debug by catching errors at compile time Symbolic vs Imperative APIs
- 52. Symbolic (For Beginners) Your model is a graph of layers Any graph you compile will run TensorFlow helps you debug by catching errors at compile time Imperative (For Experts) Your model is Python bytecode Complete flexibility and control Harder to debug / harder to maintain Symbolic vs Imperative APIs
- 53. tf.function
- 54. lstm_cell = tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell(10) def fn(input, state): return lstm_cell(input, state) input = tf.zeros([10, 10]); state = [tf.zeros([10, 10])] * 2 lstm_cell(input, state); fn(input, state) # warm up # benchmark timeit.timeit(lambda: lstm_cell(input, state), number=10) # 0.03 Let’s make this faster
- 55. lstm_cell = tf.keras.layers.LSTMCell(10) @tf.function def fn(input, state): return lstm_cell(input, state) input = tf.zeros([10, 10]); state = [tf.zeros([10, 10])] * 2 lstm_cell(input, state); fn(input, state) # warm up # benchmark timeit.timeit(lambda: lstm_cell(input, state), number=10) # 0.03 timeit.timeit(lambda: fn(input, state), number=10) # 0.004 Let’s make this faster
- 56. @tf.function def f(x): while tf.reduce_sum(x) > 1: x = tf.tanh(x) return x # you never need to run this (unless curious) print(tf.autograph.to_code(f)) AutoGraph makes this possible
- 57. def tf__f(x): def loop_test(x_1): with ag__.function_scope('loop_test'): return ag__.gt(tf.reduce_sum(x_1), 1) def loop_body(x_1): with ag__.function_scope('loop_body'): with ag__.utils.control_dependency_on_returns(tf.print(x_1)): tf_1, x = ag__.utils.alias_tensors(tf, x_1) x = tf_1.tanh(x) return x, x = ag__.while_stmt(loop_test, loop_body, (x,), (tf,)) return x Generated code
- 59. model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=[10]), tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) Going big: tf.distribute.Strategy
- 60. strategy = tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy() with strategy.scope(): model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, input_shape=[10]), tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) Going big: Multi-GPU
- 62. # Load data import tensorflow_datasets as tfds dataset = tfds.load(‘cats_vs_dogs', as_supervised=True) mnist_train, mnist_test = dataset['train'], dataset['test'] def scale(image, label): image = tf.cast(image, tf.float32) image /= 255 return image, label mnist_train = mnist_train.map(scale).batch(64) mnist_test = mnist_test.map(scale).batch(64)
- 63. TensorFlow Datasets ● audio ○ "nsynth" ● image ○ "cifar10" ○ "diabetic_retinopathy_detection" ○ "imagenet2012" ○ "mnist" ● structured ○ "titanic" ● text ○ "imdb_reviews" ○ "lm1b" ○ "squad" ● translate ○ "wmt_translate_ende" ○ "wmt_translate_enfr" ● video ○ "bair_robot_pushing_small" ○ "moving_mnist" ○ "starcraft_video" More at tensorflow.org/datasets
- 67. import tensorflow as tf base_model = tf.keras.applications.SequentialMobileNetV2( input_shape=(160, 160, 3), include_top=False, weights=’imagenet’) base_model.trainable = False model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ base_model, tf.keras.layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(1) ]) # Compile and fit Transfer Learning
- 68. Image of TensorFlow Hub and serialized Saved Model
- 69. Upgrading
- 70. Migration guides tf.compat.v1 for backwards compatibility tf_upgrade_v2 script Upgrading
- 72. Getting Started
- 75. Intro to TensorFlow for Deep Learning Introduction to TensorFlow for AI, ML and DL coursera.org/learn/introduction-tensorflow udacity.com/tensorflow New Courses
- 78. Go build. pip install tensorflow tensorflow.org
- 79. tf.thanks! Brad Miro - @bradmiro tensorflow.org Spark + AI Summit Europe - October 2019
- 80. 80