Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.pptx
- 1. DANILO JR. M. DELA PEÑA Teacher Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
- 2. What is Philosophy? The Ancient Greek word “philosophia” was probably coined by Pythagoras and literally means “love of wisdom.” A B Philosophy is the study of the general and fundamental nature of reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
- 3. What is Philosophy? Philosophy is the rational attempt to formulate, understand, and answer fundamental questions. C D Philosophy is a systematic and comprehensive study of truth about life, about the universe, and everything including events, relationship and experience.
- 4. Origin of Philosophy Philosophy was born in ancient Greece, at the beginning of the 6th century BC. Thales of Miletus is recognized as the first philosopher, despite that, it was another philosopher, Pythagoras, who coined the term ”philosophy” a combination of the words “philos” (love) and “sophia” (wisdom), which means “love of wisdom Socrates, a Greek philosopher used the term philosophie as an equivalent to the search for wisdom. Also, the term wisdom is used as a general term for describing the intellectual probing of any idea. *Philosopher, defined as one who is attempting to find out.
- 5. Goals of Philosophy Wisdom is the main goal of philosophy. Discovering the nature of truth and the nature of knowledge. It searches for what is basis value and importance in life. Examining the relationship between individuals and the society as well as humanity and nature
- 6. Some Philosophical Questions Who am I? A What is knowledge? B Does God exist? C What happens when you die? D What is love? E
- 7. Importance of Philosophy The study of Philosophy enables us to think carefully and clearly about important issues A Studying philosophy sharpens your analytical abilities. It enhance your ability to construct arguments of your own B The focus in the study is to learn what to believe, how to think. It prompts your thinking about problems which do not present. C
- 8. Branches of Philosophy Philosophy, like most academic fields, actually consists of several main branches. These branches themselves have sub-branches and become very specialized as one progresses through the field of study. Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Axiology
- 9. Metaphysics is the study of the fundamental nature of all reality such as existence, time, the relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes and causation Metaphysics is sometimes split up into sub-branches that are very close together: • Ontology – the philosophy of real life and living things • The philosophy of Mind • The philosophy of religion Metaphysics
- 10. Some examples of philosophical questions under metaphysics: • What is space? • What is universe? • What is time? • Is there a God who created the universe? • What is consciousness? • What is mind? • Do people have souls? • What is body? Metaphysics
- 11. Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, such as the relationships between truth, belief, perception and theories of justification. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies the sources, nature, and validity of knowledge. Epistemology What are the sources of knowledge? Where does genuine knowledge come from or how do we know? This is the question of origins. What is the nature of knowledge? Is there a real world outside the mind, and if so, can we know it? This is the question of appearance versus reality. Is our knowledge valid? How we distinguish truth from error?
- 12. Some typical questions of interest under epistemology: • What is knowledge? • How can we know anything? • What is science? • What is truth? Epistemology
- 13. Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. It is the study of methods of reasoning and argumentation. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. Typical questions of interest • How can we reason correctly • How does the truth of an argument’s premise affect the truth of its conclusion? • What do the words we use to mean? • How can we say things (especially ideas) in a way that only has one meaning? Logic
- 14. Axiology (Study of Value) • Ethics- Studies questions of how we should act. Study of Good, Bad, Right, and Wrong. Ethics is the formal study of moral standards and conduct and is also often called “moral philosophy.” • Aesthetics- Studies questions about art and beauty. • Social/Political Philosophy- Studies questions of which political and/or economic institutions are most fair and just. It investigates value judgements concerning society, the state, and the individual’s relation to these institutions. Axiology
- 15. • Typical questions of interest • What has value? • Is time really money? Or have we made it so? • Does love, beauty, or justice hold any value? • Why should anyone obey any government? Axiology
- 16. TAHNK YOU