![console
Item Content
Description Connect the virtual serial console for the guest
Input 1. domain
Example # console vm1
Response
Connected to domain vm1
Escape character is ^]
42](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/virtualization-virsh-virtmanager-140407040236-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-Virtualization-Virsh-and-Virt-Manager-42-320.jpg)
Introduction to Virtualization, Virsh and Virt-Manager
- 1. Introduction to Virtualization, Virsh Commands and Virt-Manager Chin Pin Chang 04/07/2014 1
- 2. Outline • Virtualization – Introduction – Types of Virtualization – KVM – Practice: KVM Installation • Virsh Commands – Introduction – Practice: 3 Units • Virt-Manager • Conclusion • References 2
- 3. Virtualization Introduction • Virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer physical resources such as servers, network, memory and storage 3
- 4. Virtualization Introduction (cont.) 4 • Without Virtualization • With Virtualization
- 5. Why Virtualization • Resource sharing • High utilization of resource • Reduce the number of physical servers • Ability to bring up new server quickly • Easy maintenance and monitoring 5
- 6. Types of Virtualization • Server Virtualization – Full virtualization, Paravirtualization, Hardware-assisted virtualization • Application Virtualization • Desktop Virtualization • Presentation Virtualization • Network Virtualization • Storage Virtualization 6
- 7. KVM Introduction • KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) – A Linux kernel module that turns Linux into a hypervisor – Full virtualization 7
- 8. Install KVM • Check that your CPU supports hardware virtualization – 0 indicates that your CPU doesn’t support hardware virtualization – 1 or more indicates that it supports hardware virtualization 8
- 9. Install KVM (cont.) • Check BIOS – Support – Not support 9
- 10. Install KVM (cont.) • Install necessary packages – qemu-kvm – libvirt-bin – ubuntu-vm-builder – bridge-utils 10
- 11. Add Users to Libvirtd and KVM Groups • Add user "username" to libvirtd • Add user " username" to KVM • Need to re-login 11
- 12. Verify Installation • Check groups • Verify Installation • Change the device's group 12
- 13. Install Virt-manager • Install virt-manager • Start virt-manager 13
- 14. Step 1 - Create new virtual machine 14
- 15. Step 2 – Locate install media 15
- 16. Step 3 – Specify CPU and Memory 16
- 17. Step 4 – Specify Storage 17
- 18. Step 5 – Specify Network 18
- 20. Virsh Introduction • Virsh is a command line interface tool for managing VM and the hypervisor 20
- 21. Virsh Introduction (cont.) • Virsh Commands Classification 21 – Domain management commands – Domain monitoring commands – Host and hypervisor commands – Interface commands – Network filter commands – Virtual networking commands – Node device commands – Secrets commands – Domain snapshot commands – Storage pool commands – Storage volume commands – Virsh commands
- 22. Virsh Commands Unit 1 Domain Management 22
- 23. Introduction • Domain management – Is used to manage VM – Major commands: define, start, destroy, suspend, resume and so on 23
- 24. How to use virsh 24
- 25. define Item Content Description Define, but don't start, a guest domain from an XML file Input 1. XML file Example # define vm1.xml Response Domain vm1 defined from vm1.xml 25
- 26. Define a VM 26
- 27. XML for VM <domain type='kvm' xmlns:qemu='http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/qemu/1.0'> <name>vm1</name> <uuid>b7cb10e2-c6af-a328-ad75-3e09747f0564</uuid> <memory>524288</memory> <currentMemory>524288</currentMemory> <vcpu>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='armv7l' machine='vexpress-a15'>hvm</type> <kernel>/root/zImage</kernel> <cmdline>earlyprintk=ttyAMA0 console=ttyAMA0 mem=512M root=/dev/vda rw ip=192.168.20.56::192.168.20.101:vm1:eth0:off --no-log</cmdline> <dtb>/root/guest-vexpress.dtb</dtb> </os> <features> <acpi/> <pae/> </features> <!-- <cpu> <model>cortex-a15</model> </cpu> --> 27
- 28. XML for VM (cont.) <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>destroy</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-arm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/root/nfs/ubuntu1G.img'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <source bridge='virbr0'/> <mac address='52:54:00:12:34:55'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <console type='pty'/> </devices> </domain> 28
- 29. XML parameters • name – Virtual machine name • uuid – A globally unique identifier for the virtual machine • current memory – The actual allocation of memory for the VM • type – The type of operating system in the virtual machine • kernel – The fully-qualified path to the kernel image in the host OS 29
- 30. XML parameters (cont.) • cmdline – The arguments to be passed to the kernel at boot time • dtb – The fully-qualified path to the device tree binary image in the host OS • emulator – The fully qualified path to the device model emulator binary • disk – The main container for describing disks • source file – The resource on the host that is being accessed in the guest 30
- 31. XML parameters (cont.) • target – The source can be accessed in the guest • interface type – A network interface visible to the guest • source bridge – The interface of the network • mac address – The address of the network • model type – The model of emulated network interface 31
- 32. start Item Content Description Start a guest domain, either from the last managed save state, or via a fresh boot if no managed save state is present Input 1.domain Example # start vm1 Response Domain vm1 started 32
- 33. Start VM 33
- 34. domid Item Content Description Convert a domain name or UUID to domain id Input 1. domain Example # domid vm1 Response 1 34
- 35. domname Item Content Description Convert a guest domain id or UUID to guest domain name Input 1. domain Example # domname 1 Response vm1 35
- 36. domuuid Item Content Description Convert a guest domain name or id to guest domain UUID Input 1. domain Example # domuuid vm1 Response b7cb10e2-c6af-a328-ad75-3e09747f0564 36
- 37. VM Information • The domain ID • The domain name • The domain uuid 37
- 38. autostart Item Content Description Enable and disable the automatic starting of a guest domain when the libvirt daemon starts Input 1. domain Example # autostart vm1 Response Domain vm1 marked as autostarted 38
- 39. Auto start VM 39
- 40. list Item Content Description Returns a list of guest domains Input N/A Example # list Response virsh # list Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 vm1 running 40
- 41. List VM 41
- 42. console Item Content Description Connect the virtual serial console for the guest Input 1. domain Example # console vm1 Response Connected to domain vm1 Escape character is ^] 42
- 43. Connect to VM 43
- 44. Connect to VM (cont.) 44 • Launch Apache service • Check Apache service
- 45. Connect to VM (cont.) • Check the IP of the VM 45
- 46. Connect to VM (cont.) • Check /var/www/index.html • Web page 46
- 47. suspend Item Content Description Suspend a running guest domain Input 1.domain Example # suspend vm1 Response Domain vm1 suspended 47
- 48. Suspend VM • Web page 48
- 49. resume Item Content Description Resume a guest domain Input 1.domain Example # resume vm1 Response Domain vm1 resumed 49
- 50. Resume VM • Web page 50
- 51. save Item Content Description Save the running state of a guest domain to a file Input 1.domain 2.file Example # save vm1 image Response Domain vm1 saved to image 51
- 52. restore Item Content Description Restore a guest domain Input 1.file Example # restore image Response Domain restored from image 52
- 53. Save and Restore scenario S0 Save the VM Restore the VM Start the VM Modify index.htm S0S2S1 53 Step 4Step 3Step 2Step 1
- 54. Step 1 • Save the VM • The saved file 54
- 55. Step 2 and 3 • Start the VM • Modify /var/www/index.html • Web page 55
- 56. Step 4 • Restore the VM • Web page 56
- 57. destroy Item Content Description Immediately terminates a running guest domain, releasing any resources in use by it Input 1.domain Example # destroy vm1 Response Domain vm1 destroyed 57
- 58. Destroy VM 58
- 59. The memory information of the host • Before destroying the VM • After destroying the VM 59
- 60. undefine Item Content Description Remove the configuration for an inactive guest domain Input 1.domain Example # undefine vm1 Response Domain vm1 has been undefined 60
- 61. Undefine VM 61
- 62. Virsh Commands Unit 2 Interface Management and Network Management 62
- 63. Introduction • Interface management – To create an interface on the host for VM 63
- 64. iface-define Item Content Description Define a physical host network interface Input 1. XML file Example # iface-define br1.xml Response Interface br1 defined from br1.xml 64
- 65. Define an interface • Interface br1 65
- 66. XML for Interface <interface type='bridge' name='br1'> <start mode='onboot'/> <bridge> <interface type='vlan' name='bond0.1'> <vlan tag='1'> <interface name='bond1'/> </vlan> </interface> </bridge> </interface> 66
- 67. XML parameters • interface type – Network interface type • interface name – The name of interface • bridge type – The type of bridge • vlan tag – Use to tag of the vlan 67
- 68. iface-start Item Content Description Enables and starts a physical host network interface Input 1. interface Example # iface-start br1 Response Interface br1 started 68
- 70. iface-name Item Content Description Returns the physical host interface name for a MAC address Input 1. interface(MAC address) Example # iface-name 3a:a0:42:19:ca:b2 Response br1 70
- 71. iface-mac Item Content Description Returns the MAC address for a physical host network interface Input 1. interface Example # iface-mac br1 Response 3a:a0:42:19:ca:b2 71
- 72. Interface Information • The interface name • The interface mac 72
- 73. iface-destroy Item Content Description Shut down and disable a physical host network interface Input 1. interface Example # iface-destroy br1 Response Interface br1 destroyed 73
- 75. iface-undefine Item Content Description Removes the configuration information for a physical host network interface Input 1. interface Example # iface-undefine br1 Response Interface br1 undefined 75
- 77. Introduction • Network management – Libvirt has the capability to define virtual networks which can then be used by domains and linked to actual network devices 77
- 78. net-define Item Content Description Adds a new permanent virtual network from an XML file, without starting it Input 1. file Example # net-define vlan1.xml Response Network vlan1 defined from vlan1.xml 78
- 79. Define network • Network vlan1 79
- 80. XML for Network <network > <name>vlan1</name> <forward mode='bridge'/> <bridge name='br1' /> </network> 80
- 81. XML parameters • name – Virtual network name • forward mode – Inclusion of the forward element indicates that the virtual network is to be connected to the physical LAN • bridge name – The name of a bridge device 81
- 82. net-start Item Content Description Starts a (previously defined) inactive virtual network Input 1. network Example # net-start vlan1 Response Network vlan1 started 82
- 83. Start network 83
- 84. net-autostart Item Content Description Enable or disable the automatic starting of a virtual network, when the libvirt daemon starts Input 1. network Example # net-autostart vlan1 Response Network vlan1 marked as autostarted 84
- 86. net-info Item Content Description Displays basic information for a virtual network Input 1. network Example # net-info vlan1 Response Name vlan1 UUID f1f1cd7e-b623-4d7e-94c8-2047da1decef Active: yes Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Bridge: br1 86
- 88. net-name Item Content Description When given a network UUID, returns its corresponding network name Input 1. network Example # net-name f1f1cd7e-b623-4d7e-94c8-2047da1decef Response vlan1 88
- 89. net-uuid Item Content Description When given a network name, returns its corresponding UUID Input 1. network Example # net-uuid vlan1 Response f1f1cd7e-b623-4d7e-94c8-2047da1decef 89
- 90. Network Information • The network name • The network uuid 90
- 91. net-destroy Item Content Description Shuts down a running virtual network Input 1. network Example # net-destroy vlan1 Response Network vlan1 destroyed 91
- 93. net-undefine Item Content Description Removes an inactive virtual network from the libvirt configuration Input 1. network Example # net-undefine vlan1 Response Network vlan1 has been undefined 93
- 95. Interface and Network scenario 95 Host virbr0 br1 br2 VM1 VM2 VM3 IP: 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103 vlan1 vlan2
- 96. Example • Define the interfaces br1 and br2 96
- 97. XML for host 97 • br1.xml <interface type='bridge' name='br1'> <start mode='onboot'/> <bridge> <interface type='vlan' name='bond0.1'> <vlan tag='1'> <interface name='bond1'/> </vlan> </interface> </bridge> </interface>
- 98. XML for host (cont.) 98 • br2.xml <interface type='bridge' name='br2'> <start mode='onboot'/> <bridge> <interface type='vlan' name='bond0.2'> <vlan tag=‘2'> <interface name='bond2'/> </vlan> </interface> </bridge> </interface>
- 99. XML for VM • Modify VM1.xml • Modify VM2.xml • Modify VM3.xml 99
- 100. Define VM • Define VM1, VM2 and VM3 100
- 101. Start VM • Start VM1, VM2 and VM3 101
- 102. Start interface • Start interface br1 and br2 102
- 103. Connect to VM • Assign IP (192.168.0.101) to VM1 103
- 104. Connect to VM (cont.) • Assign IP (192.168.0.102) to VM2 104
- 105. Connect to VM (cont.) • Assign IP (192.168.0.103) to VM3 105
- 106. Result • VM1 ping VM2 • VM1 ping VM3 106
- 107. Result (cont.) • VM3 ping VM1 • VM3 ping VM2 107
- 108. Virsh Commands Unit 3 Snapshot and Migrate 108
- 109. Introduction • Snapshot – Snapshots take the disk, memory, and device state of a VM at a point-of-time, and save it for future use • --disk-only – The snapshot will only include disk state 109
- 110. Snapshot scenario 110 Create a folder and modify index.htm Start the VM Restart the VM Revert the snapshot Step 4Step 3Step 2Step 1 S0 S3S2S1 S1 Step 5
- 111. snapshot-create Item Content Description Create a snapshot (disk and RAM) from XML Input 1. domain 2. xml Example # snapshot-create vm1 snaptest.xml Response Domain snapshot snaptest created from 'snaptest.xml' 111
- 112. 112 • Start VM • Take a snapshot Create a snapshot for VM
- 113. Create a folder in VM 113 • Start VM • Create a folder "test"
- 114. Launch Apache service • Check /var/www/index.html • Web page 114
- 115. Launch Apache service (cont.) • Modify the /var/www/index.html • Web page 115
- 116. snapshot-revert Item Content Description Reverts a domain to a given snapshot Input 1. domain 2. snapshotname Example # snapshot-revert vm1 snaptest Response N/A 116
- 117. Revert snapshot • Folder • Web page 117
- 118. snapshot-delete Item Content Description Removes a snapshot, and all of it's children, from a domain Input 1. domain 2. snapshotname Example # snapshot-delete --domain vm1 snaptest --metadata Response Domain snapshot snaptest deleted 118
- 119. Delete snapshot 119
- 120. Introduction • Migrate – Migration is the process of moving a virtual machine from one host or storage location to another 120
- 121. Migration 121 Source VM Download a file Destination VM Download a file Migration Network IP: 192.92.26.120 IP: 192.92.26.108 NFS /Data/image VM image
- 122. Set up NFS server for images • Install NFS server packages – nfs-common – nfs-kernel-server 122 • Set shared path and permission
- 123. Set up NFS server for images (cont.) • Start NFS server 123 • Check NFS path
- 124. Set up NFS client – hypervisor • Install NFS client packages – nfs-common 124 • Mount image • Check
- 125. Set up NFS client – hypervisor (cont.) • Restart NFS server 125 • Check image on client
- 126. migrate Item Content Description Migrates a guest domain to another host Input 1.domain 2.dest uri Example # migrate vm1 qemu+ssh://140.92.26.108/system Response pass 126
- 127. Start VM 127
- 128. Download a file to VM 128
- 129. Migrate VM to destination host • Source host 129 The URI of the destination host
- 130. After migration • Destination host 130
- 131. Verify the file • The file size 131
- 132. Virt-manager Introduction • The virt-manager (Virtual Machine Manager) application is a graphic user interface for managing virtual machines through libvirt 132
- 133. Main window 133
- 135. Define VM 135
- 136. Start VM 136
- 137. Connect to VM 137
- 139. Suspend VM 139
- 140. Resume VM 140
- 141. Save VM 141
- 142. Save VM (cont.) 142
- 143. Restore VM 143
- 144. Clone VM 144
- 145. Check CPU usage of VM 145
- 146. Destroy VM 146
- 147. Delete VM 147
- 148. Conclusion • Virtualization – High utilization of physical resource • Virsh – The main interface for managing virtualization environment through Libvirt • Virt-manager – Graphic user interface for managing virtualization environment through Libvirt 148
- 150. References • http://libvirt.org/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine • http://www.slideshare.net/trupti242/virtuallization- questions# • https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en- US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/ • http://trac.nchc.org.tw/cloud • https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation • http://www.ubuntu-tw.org/modules/tinyd0/ 150