Ionic bond,covalent bond and hydrogen bond
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The presentation discusses ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds, explaining their formation and characteristics. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons among nonmetals. Additionally, hydrogen bonds occur between a hydrogen atom and electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, with specific types being inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Ionic bond,covalent bond and hydrogen bond
- 1. Welcome to our presentation: Presentation Topic: Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Hydrogen Bond
- 2. IONIC BONDING: Ionic bonds are a type of chemical bond based on electrostatic forces between two oppositely-charged ions. It is basically the transfer of one electron from one atom to another
- 3. Characteristics of Ionic bonding: It is formed by transfer of electron It is formed between a metal and a nonmetal atom Consists of electrostic force between (+) and (-) ions Mechanism of Ionic bond: According to the octet theory when an atom takes part in a chemical bonding it tends to be more stable like the Nobel gas . For that they need to fill with 8 electrons at its valance shell. As Ionic bond made by the transfer of electrons ,the atoms which took part in the bonding neither it will lose electron or gain electron. Metals have 2-3 electrons at valance shell it is easy for them lose electron & non metal are very suitable at electron gaining. After losing electron the metal turns into (+) ion and after gaining electron non metal become (-) ion. The electrostic force between (+) and (-) ions create the Ionic bonding.
- 5. In real life we can see this example:
- 6. Covalent bond: This type of chemical bonding is made of Sharing of electrons among the atoms. The Sharing of electrons equal among the atoms.
- 7. Characteristics of Covalent bonding: It is made by sharing of electron It is formed between non-metal atoms It is consists of a shared pair of electrons between atoms Mechanism of covalent bonding: In covalent bonding atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration. But rather than losing or gaining electrons atoms now share an electron pair. The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair electrons.
- 8. Chlorine molecule Cl2 Molecules have no overall electric charge Molecular or covalent compounds are usually gases or liquids – they have low melting points and low boiling points Forces between molecules very weak Forces (bonds) between atoms in the molecule very strong Each outer shell has 8 electrons Electrons shared
- 9. It can be shown as:
- 10. Hydrogen bonds A hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom … N, O or F. . A lone pair of electrons on the electronegative atom takes part in bonding with Hydrogen
- 11. Types of Hydrogen bond: Intramolecular Hydrogen bond: It occurs with in one single molecule.Example: C2H4(OH)2 Intermolecular Hydrogen bond: It occurs Between separate molecules.Example:NH3,H2O
- 12. Factors preventing Hydrogen bonding Electronegativity Atom Size
- 13. Hydrogen bonds In Water: