IoT Networking Part 2
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The document discusses several common IoT networking protocols: - MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe protocol that works over TCP/IP and supports three quality of service (QoS) levels. - CoAP is designed for constrained devices and machine-to-machine communication using a RESTful request/response model over UDP. It defines four message types. - XMPP supports publish/subscribe messaging over TCP and uses XML, allowing for interoperability and extensibility. - AMQP is optimized for financial applications using a binary protocol over TCP, and guarantees message delivery through different levels like at-least-once and exactly-once.
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IoT Networking Part 2
- 1. 1 Introduction: IoT Networking - Part 2 Dr. Sudip Misra Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Email: [email protected] Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/ Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/ Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
- 2. Requirements of IoT Network Coverage High throughput Low latency Ultra reliability High power efficiency 2Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
- 3. 3Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things MQTT
- 4. MQTT Message Queue Telemetry Transport Introduced by IBM and standardized by Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) in 2013 Works on Publish/Subscribe framework on top of TCP/IP architecture Advantages Reliable, Lightweight, and cost-effective protocol 4Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
- 5. MQTT Publish/Subscribe Framework 5Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 6. MQTT QoS QoS of MQTT protocol is maintained for two transactions First transaction: Publishing client MQTT Server Second transaction: MQTT Server Subscribing Client Client on each transaction sets the QoS level For the first transaction, publishing client sets the QoS level For second transaction, client subscriber sets the QoS level 6Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 7. MQTT QoS Levels Supports 3-level of QoS QoS 0: Also known as “at most once” delivery Best effort and unacknowledged data service Publisher transmits the message one time to server and server transmits it once to subscriber No retry is performed 7Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 8. MQTT QoS Levels QoS 1: Also known as “at least once” delivery Message delivery between the publisher, server and then between server and subscribers occurs at least once. Retry is performed until acknowledgement of message is recieved QoS 2: Also known as “exactly once” delivery This QoS level is used when neither packet loss or duplication of message is allowed Retry is performed until the message is delivered exactly once 8Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
- 9. 9Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things CoAP
- 10. CoAP Constrained Application Protocol CoAP was designed by IETF Constrained RESTful Environment (CoRE) working group to enable application with lightweight RESTful (HTTP) interface Works on Request/Response framework based on the UDP architecture, including Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) secure transport protocol 10Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 11. CoAP CoAP defines four types of messages CON: Conformable NON: Non-conformable RST: Reset ACK: Acknowledgement For conformable type message, the recipient must explicitly either acknowledge or reject the message. In case of non-conformable type message, the recipient sends reset message if it can’t process the message. 11Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 12. CoAP Utilizes GET, PUT, OBSERVE, PUSH, and DELETE messages requests to retrieve, create, initiate, update, and delete subscription respectively. Supports caching capabilities to improve the response time and reduce bandwidth consumption. Uses IP multicast to support data requests sent to a group of devices. Specialized for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. 12Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Hanes, D, et al. (2017), "IoT Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of Things", Cisco Press.
- 13. 13Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things XMPP
- 14. XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Supports Publish/Subscribe messaging framework on top of TCP protocol The communication protocol is based on Extensive Markup Language (XML). Uses Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) secure transport protocol 14Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 15. XMPP XMPP model is decentralized, no central server is required. Advantages of XMPP Interoperability: Supports interoperability between heterogeneous networks Extensibility: Supports privacy lists, multi-user chat, and publish/subscribe chat status notifications Flexibility: Supports customized markup language defined by different organizations according to their needs 15Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: H. Wang et. al., "A Lightweight XMPP Publish/Subscribe Scheme for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices," IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 16393-16405, 2017.
- 16. 16Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things AMQP
- 17. AMQP Advance Message Queuing Protocol Optimized for financial applications Binary message-oriented protocol on top of TCP Supports Publish/Subscribe framework for both Point-to-point (P2P) Multipoint communication 17Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 18. AMQP Uses token-based mechanism for flow control Ensures no buffer overflow at the receiving end Message delivery guarantee services: At least once: Guarantees message delivery but may do so multiple times At most once: Each message is delivered once or never Exactly once: No message drop and delivered once one 18Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 19. 19Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things IEEE 1888
- 20. IEEE 1888 Energy-efficient network control protocol Defines a generalized data exchange protocol between network components over the IPv4/v6-based network. Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) based data identification Applications: Environmental monitoring, energy saving, and central management systems. 20Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 21. 21Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things DDS RTPS
- 22. DDS RTPS Distributed Data Service Real Time Publish and Subscribe Supports Publish/Subscribe framework and on top of UDP transport layer protocol. Data-centric and binary protocol Data is termed as “topics”. The users/listeners may subscribe to their particular topic of interest 22Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 23. DDS RTPS A single topic may have multiple speakers of different priorities Supports enlisted QoS for data distribution Data persistence Delivery deadline Reliability Data freshness Applications: Military, Industrial, and healthcare monitoring 23Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things Source: Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2016), "Internet of Things from hype to reality: the road to digitization", Springer.
- 24. 24Introduction to Internet of Things