This document discusses security and privacy issues related to cloud computing. It begins by providing background on cloud computing architectures and infrastructures. It then reviews existing literature on common security issues in cloud computing like confidentiality, authentication, access control, and privacy. It also discusses potential solutions that have been proposed, such as virtualization, encryption, access control frameworks, and risk-adaptable access control models. Finally, it proposes a two-tier authentication scheme within a risk-adaptable access control framework to help address security and privacy challenges in cloud computing.