IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Encryption Techniques

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2010
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES
Anubha Pandya1, Asst. Prof. Prabhat Pandey2
1M.Tech (Embedded and VLSI Design) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
AITR, Indore (M.P), India
2Asst. Prof, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AITR, Indore (M.P), India
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ABSTRACT - Encryption is the process of jumbling a message
so that only the expected receiver can read it. Encryption can
be responsible for a means of safeguarding information. As
progressively information is put in storage on computers or
communicated via computers, the necessity to insure that this
information is safe to interfering and/or tampering becomes
more relevant. With the fast progression of digital data
exchange in electronic way, Information Security is becoming
much more important in data storage and transmission.
Information Secrecy has a noticeable implication in the study
of ethics, law and most recently in Information Systems. With
the development of human intellect, the art of cryptography
has become more difficult in order to make information more
secure. Arrays of Encryption systems are being deployed in the
world of Information Systems by various organizations. In this
paper, a survey of various Encryption Algorithms is presented.
Keywords – Encryption, DES, 3DES, AES
1. INTRODUCTION
A system for encoding and decoding a secret message is
called as cryptography. More generally, people think of
cryptography as the art of bungling information into
apparent unintelligibility in a manner allowing a secret
method of untangling. The basic service provided by
cryptography is the ability to send information between
participants in a way that intercept others from reading it.
This kind of cryptography can provide other Services, such
as
 Nobility checking - Reassuring the receiver of a message
that the message has not been altered since it was
generated by an authorized source.
 Authentication - Verifying someone’s (or something’s)
identity.
A message in its genuine form is known as plain text or
clear text. The bungle information is known as cipher text.
The procedure for producing cipher text from plaintext is
known as encryption. The interchange of encryption is
called decryption. There are two types of encryption
technique:
1.1 Symmetric cryptosystems
It is also known as secret key cryptography. Sender &
receiver use same keys for encryption & decryption namely
PUBLIC or PRIVATE respectively. The Secret key
cryptography involves the use of a single key. Given a
information called plaintext and the key, encryption
construct incompressible data which is about the same size
as the plaintext.[4] Decryption is the reverse of Encryption;
it is the conversion of cipher to plain text and uses the same
key as encryption. The symmetric algorithms can be splitter
into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Stream ciphers
encrypt only one bit of plaintext at a time, whereas block
ciphers take a number of bits (typically 64 bits in modern
ciphers) and encrypt them as a single unit. Here the same
are used for the encryption and decryption processes so it is
called as the secret key cryptography.
1.2 Asymmetric cryptosystem
It is also known as public key cryptography. Sender &
receiver uses different key & an encryption/ decryption
data, i.e. the key is shared Public key cryptography is
sometimes also referred to as asymmetric cryptography.
Asymmetric ciphers also known as public-key algorithms,
allow’s the encryption key to be public (it can even be
published to a web site), anyone has the permission to
encrypt with the key, message can be decrypted only by the
proper recipient (who knows the decryption key). The
encryption key is also called the public key and the
decryption key the private key. By keeping the private key
secret we can provide security to the ciphers [3].
Public key cryptography is a relatively new field, invented
in 1975 unlike secret key cryptography, keys are not shared.
Instead, each individual has two keys: a private key that
need not be revealed to anyone, and a public key that is
preferably known to the entire world. The term private key
must be used when referring to the key in public key
cryptography that must not be made public There is
something unfortunate about the terminology public and
private. It is that both words begin with p. We will
sometimes want a single letter to refer to one of the keys.
The letter p won’t do. We will use the letter e to refer to the
public key, since the public key is used when encrypting a
message. We’ll use the letter d to refer to the private key,
because the private key is used to decrypt a message.

2. Current Trending Technology
 DES
 3DES
 AES
2.1 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
DES stands for the data encryption standard. The DES uses a
56-bit key to transform a 64-bit block of plaintext to a 64-bit
block of cipher text. The AES uses 128-bit plaintext and
cipher text blocks and a key size of 128, 192 or 256 bits.
Times more secure than the DES. At this point it remains to
be seen if that is indeed the case. The most popular security
enhanced version of the DES is two-key triple- DES: three
rounds of DES, where the same key is used in the first and
last round, but with a different key for the second round.
Also, for compatibility with one-key single-DES, the second
round uses the inverse of the DES, which is as hard to break
as the DES itself. Two-key triple-DES supposedly attains
strength equivalent to that of an ideal 80-bit key symmetric
cryptosystem, at the actual cost of two 56-bit keys and three
DES applications. Two-key triple-DES is easily available in
hardware, despite the fact that one of the DES designers
referred to it as an ‘historical error’. Three-key triple-DES is
much better, relatively speaking: it is believed to attain 112-
bit key strength, at the cost of three 56-bit keys and three
DES applications. Efficient hardware implementations of it
are beginning to become available.
Single-DES implementation, then migration to three-key
triple-DES is probably much cheaper than, and essentially as
effective as, replacing the DES by the AES. It is conceivable
that this applies to, for instance, customer banking
transactions, since most of the financial transactions
involved are low volume and not time-critical. If, however,
speed is or will be an issue, or if large transmissions are
anticipated, or if compatibility may become important, then
it is probably best to upgrade to the AES as soon as adequate
software and hardware implementation become available.
In any case, continued use of one-key single-DES for
anything of even the slightest importance is irresponsible. It
can no longer be recommended.
2.2 Triple DES (3DES)
3DES or the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) was
developed to address the obvious flaws in DES without
designing a whole new cryptosystem. Data Encryption
Standard (DES) uses a 56-bit key and is not deemed
sufficient to encrypt sensitive data. 3-DES simply extends
the key size of DES by applying the algorithm three times in
succession with three different keys. The combined key size
is thus 168 bits (3 times 56). TDEA involves using three 64-
bit DEA keys (K1, K2, K3) in Encrypt-Decrypt- Encrypt
(EDE) mode, that is, the plain text is encrypted with K1, then
decrypted with K2, and then encrypted again with K3 [17].
2.3 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
The Advanced Encryption Standard, or AES, is the block
cipher of choice for future applications AES is called 128-EIA
2 in LTE. The AES has a block length of 128 bits and
supports 3 key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits. The versions
with longer key lengths use more rounds and are hence
slower by 20, respectively 40%.The strong algebraic
structure of the AES cipher has led some researchers to
suggest that it might be susceptible to algebraic attacks.
However such attacks have not been shown to be effective
for the 192- and 256-bit key versions there are related key
attacks. For AES-256 this attack, using four related keys,
requires time 299.5 and data complexity 299.5. The attack
works due to the way the key schedule is implemented for
the 192- and 256-bit keys (due to the mismatch in block and
key size), and does not affect the security of the 128-bit
variant. Related key attacks can clearly be avoided by always
selecting cryptographic keys independently at random. A bi-
clique technique can be applied to the cipher to reduce the
complexity of exhaustive key search. For example in [5] it is
shown that one can break AES-128 with 2126.2 encryption
operations and 288 chosen plaintexts. For AES-192 and AES-
256 these numbers become 2189.7/240 and 2254.4/280
respectively.

3. COMPARITIVE STUDY OF SECURITY
ALGORITHMS
Table 1.[6] Shows that in Symmetric Algorithms is AES more
secure algorithm as compared to DES and 3DES.
Factors AES 3DES DES
Key Length 128,192 or
256 bits
112,168
bits
56 bits
Cipher Type Symmetric
block cipher
Symmetric
block cipher
Symmetric
block cipher
Block Size 128,192 or
256 bits
64 bits 64 bits
Developed 2000 1978 1977
Security Considered
secure
One only
weak which
exit in DES
Proven
inadequate
4. CONCLUSION AND SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK
This paper presents a study of the popular Encryption
Algorithms such as, DES, 3DES and AES. The use of internet
and network is growing rapidly. So there are more
requirements to secure the data transmitted over different
networks using different services. To provide the security to
the network and data different encryption methods are
used. In this paper, a survey on the existing works on the
Encryption techniques has been done. To sum up, all the
techniques are useful for real-time Encryption. Each
technique is unique in its own way, which might be suitable
for different applications and has its own pro’s and con’s.
According to research done and literature survey it can be
found that AES algorithm is most efficient in terms of speed,
time, and throughput and avalanche effect. The Security
provided by these algorithms can be enhanced further, if
more than one algorithm is applied to data. Our future work
will explore this concept and a combination of algorithms
will be applied either sequentially or parallel, to setup a
more secure environment for data storage and retrieval.
5. REFERENCES
1. J.Balamurugan,Dr.E.Logashanmu, “Design of High
Speed and Low Area Masked AES Using Complexity
Reduced Mix-Column Architecture”, IJCSEC-
International Journal of Computer Science and
Engineering Communications, Vol.2 Issue.3, May
2014.
2. G. H. Karimian, B. Rashidi, and A.farmani, “A High
Speed and Low Power Image Encryption with 128-
Bit AES Algorithm”, International Journal of
Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3,
June 2012.
3. Tanya Vladimirova, Roohi Banu and Martin N.
Sweeting, “On-Board Security Services in Small
Satellites”.
4. Shi-hai Zhu, “Hardware Implementation Based on
FPGA of AES Encryption and Decryption System”,
Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology
(SJET), Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2014.
5. Lekshmi R , Sajan Xavier, FPGA Based Design of AES
with Masked S-Box for Enhanced Security”,
International Journal of Engineering Science
Invention, Volume 3 Issue 5ǁ May 2014.
6. Hamdan.O.Alanazi, B.B.Zaidan, A.A.Zaidan, Hamid
A.Jalab, M.Shabbir and Y. Al-Nabhani “New
Comparative Study Between DES, 3DES and AES
within Nine Factors” JOURNAL OF COMPUTING,
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2010, ISSN 2151-9617
7. Sumitra “Comparative Analysis of AES and DES
security algoritham” International Journal of
Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3,
Issue 1, January 2013 ISSN 2250-3153

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