IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management and Research, Akurdi, Pune
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This document discusses the concept of embedded energy and carbon emissions related to the structural development of Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research in Akurdi, Pune, India. It defines embedded energy as the energy required to produce goods and services, including the energy used in extraction, manufacturing, transportation, installation and usage. The purpose is to highlight how accounting for embedded energy and carbon emissions of construction materials can support more sustainable development. It then outlines the methodology used, which includes quantifying direct carbon emissions from transportation and electricity usage on campus and estimating embedded carbon from material usage during construction based on ISO standards.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 582
‘Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,
Management & Research, Akurdi, Pune
Saksham N. Pardakhe1, Shital S. Suryawanshi 2, Dhanashri S. Tambe3, Suraj S. Shetye4,
Mr Amol V. More5
1,2,3,4BE Student, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research,
Akurdi-Pune, Maharashtra, India
5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research,
Akurdi-Pune, Maharashtra, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – Embedded energy is the energy required to produce any goods or services, considered as if that energy was
incorporated or embodied in the product itself. The concept can be useful in determining the effectiveness of energy producing in
any structural development or energy saving devices. One fundamental purpose for measuring this quantity is to compare the
amount of energy produced or saved by the product in the amount of energy consumed in producing it, because energy inputs
usually entails greenhouse gas emission in deciding whether a product contribute to or mitigate global warming. Embedded
energy is an accounting method aims to find the total of energy necessary for an entire product life-cycle. Determining what
constitutes this life cycle including assessing the relevance and extent of energy into raw material extraction, transport,
manufacture, assembly, installation and usage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact that embedded energy of
construction materials could be a decision making point while developing a sustainable structure and ultimately on the
environment.
Key Words: Embedded Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Global Warming, Product Life-Cycle, Sustainable Structure.
1. INTRODUCTION
India is vast country with a fast growing population, the increase of population leads to adopt so keeping this in mind we have
presented a new design methodologyforsustainablestructural development.Theconstructionindustryrequirestheextraction
of vast quantities of material and equipments and this, in turnresultsintheconsumptionofenergyresourcesandthereleaseof
deleterious pollutant emissions to the biosphere of environment. Each material has to be extracted, processed and finally
transported to its place of use. The energy consumed during these activitiesiscriticallyimportantforhumandevelopment, but
also puts at risk the quality and longer term viability of the biosphere as a result of unwanted or second order effects. Many of
these side-effects of energy production and consumption give rise to resource uncertainties and potential environmental
hazards on local, regional or national scales. Energy and pollutant emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2)mayberegardedas
being embodied within materials. Thus, embodied energy can be viewed as the quantity of energy required to process, and
supply to the construction site, the material under consideration.
1.1 What is an embedded carbon?
An ‘embedded carbon’ is a measure of the greenhouse gas emissions associated withanindirectactivity,groupofactivitiesora
product. Nearly everything that we do produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions either directly or indirectly; whether it be
getting to work, watching TV or buying our lunch. The most important greenhouse gas produced byhumanactivitiesiscarbon
dioxide. Direct GHG emissions sources are often easy to identify – for example burning fossil fuels for electricity generation,
heating and transport. It is sometimes less obvious that products and services also cause indirect emissions throughout their
life-cycles. Energy is required for production and transport of products,andgreenhousegasesarealsoreleasedwhenproducts
are disposed of at the end of their useful lives.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Jyoti Parikh a, Manoj Panda b , A. Ganesh-Kumar b , Vinay Singh they have studied that analyses of carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions of the Indian economy by producing sectors and due to household final consumption The analysis is based on an
Input–Output and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year2003–04thatdistinguishes25sectorsand10householdclasses
According to them Total emissions of the Indian economy in 2003–04 are estimated to be 1217 million tons (MT) of CO2, of
which 57% is due to the use of coal and lignite. The per capita emissions turn out to be about 1.14 tons. The highest direct
emissions are due to electricity sector followed by manufacturing, steel and road transportation.[1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11114-181201084108/85/IRJET-Embedded-Energy-of-Dr-D-Y-Patil-Institute-of-Engineering-Management-and-Research-Akurdi-Pune-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 583
Mary Lissy P N divide A Carbon footprint in two parts: the Primary footprint and the Secondary footprint. For found out total
quantity of carbon emission he was following factors like, Human Factor, Transportation, Electricity, Solid Waste, Production
and Consumption of Food, LPG, Natural Gas, Buildings. And multiply their emission constant like for Humanfactor- 1.14kgper
person per day, Petrol 2.3 kg per liter, Solar based electricity 0.05kg per kwh, LPG 1.5kg per kg. [2]
Changhai Peng And Xiao Wu have studied that Using buildinginformationmodeling(BIM)andECOTECT,the estimatedcarbon
emissions during an office building’s life cycle. That building’s life cycle CO2 emissions were divided into three parts: the
construction, operation, and demolition stages. Among these, the statistics on the schedule of quantitiesweregeneratedusing
BIM, and the energy consumption during the building’s operational stage was obtained using ECOTECTsimulation. Sensitivity
analysis was performed by changing several alternative parameters,toidentifywhichparameterhasmoreimpactsonbuilding
performance [3]
3. METHODOLOGY
Determination of carbon emission consists of two phases such as defining the carbon emission and quantifying the carbon
emission. Development of carbon level in our college campus depends on the characteristics of vehicles and other factors
considered in the project. Thus it is necessary to carry out certain test to determine the atmosphericcharacteristicsinorderto
decide effective treatment process. Hence we have to analyse the sources of carbon emission through our campus. For this
analysis we bifurcate the sources of carbon emission depending on their raw materials used for their processing of direct and
indirect carbon emission.
In first phase of project we analysis direct carbon emission in our campus. In direct carbon emission,sourcesused foranalysis
were divided into 3 parts transport, electricity and canteen. After getting vehicular data and electricity uses, we compare the
data with ISO standard coefficient to get CO2 emission in KG.
In next phase of the project we are analyzing embedded energy in the form of carbon which is emitted in the environment in
the life-cycle of the structural development of the campus. In that detail estimate of material used in structural developmentis
compared with ISO standard coefficient to get total energy evolved in the form of carbon. But greenery and vegetation in
campus absorbs some amount of carbon for photosynthesis, deducting these losses we are finding net carbon evolutioninour
campus area.
Fig No 1: Flow Chart of Methodology](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11114-181201084108/85/IRJET-Embedded-Energy-of-Dr-D-Y-Patil-Institute-of-Engineering-Management-and-Research-Akurdi-Pune-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 585
5. CONCLUSION
The carbon levels are rising daily due to improper use of transport services, private vehicles, etc. the problems
of global warming, improper weather is arising mostly seen in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, etc. In order to
reduce these levels awareness should be spread among peopletousemorepublictransportavoidingsinglevehicle
use. The goal of this project is to help people understand and shrink carbon emission which would be emitted by
them. The carbon footprint hasbeenutilizedbycommercializedtocountthemselvesandtheirproductscarbonand
adopt the preventive measures to reduce the carbon emission and achieve a sustainable development along with
minimum effects on environment.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Jyoti Parikh a, Manoj Panda b , A. Ganesh-Kumar b , Vinay Singh “CO2 emissions structure of Indian economy”1 january
2009In A Integrated Research & Action for Development.
[2] Mary Lissy P N (2012) “Carbon Footprint of anEducational Institutionasa Technique forSustainableDevelopment “InThe
International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES),Volume 1 ,Issue2Pages196-200,in2012,ISSN:2319– 1813ISBN:
2319 – 1805.
[3] Changhai Peng And Xiao Wu presented paper on Case Study of Carbon Emissions from a Building’s Life Cycle Based on
BIM and Ecotect in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2015 , Article ID 954651, 15 pages.
[4] R velavan, R Rudramoorthy and S balachandran “CO2 Emission reductionopportunitiesforsmall andmediumscaletextile
sector in India on PSG college of technology” In India journal of scientific and industrial research vol. 68, July 2009.
[5] T. V. Ramachandra, K. Sreejith and H. A. Bharath “ Sector Wise Assessment of Carbon FootprintAcrossMajorCitiesinIndia
Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors in the year 2014” in Volume 2 EcoProduction, DOI:
10.1007/978-9814585-75-0_8
BIOGRAPHIES
Saksham N. Pardakhe
BE Student, Department Of Civil
Engineering,D.Y. Patil Institute Of
Engineering,Management & Research,
Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India
Shital S. Suryawanshi
BE Student, Department Of Civil
Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of
Engineering,Management & Research,
Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India
Dhanashri S. Tambe
BE Student, Department Of Civil
Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of
Engineering,Management & Research,
Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India
oto](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i11114-181201084108/85/IRJET-Embedded-Energy-of-Dr-D-Y-Patil-Institute-of-Engineering-Management-and-Research-Akurdi-Pune-4-320.jpg)
IRJET- Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management and Research, Akurdi, Pune
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 582 ‘Embedded Energy’ of Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering, Management & Research, Akurdi, Pune Saksham N. Pardakhe1, Shital S. Suryawanshi 2, Dhanashri S. Tambe3, Suraj S. Shetye4, Mr Amol V. More5 1,2,3,4BE Student, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune, Maharashtra, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune, Maharashtra, India ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Embedded energy is the energy required to produce any goods or services, considered as if that energy was incorporated or embodied in the product itself. The concept can be useful in determining the effectiveness of energy producing in any structural development or energy saving devices. One fundamental purpose for measuring this quantity is to compare the amount of energy produced or saved by the product in the amount of energy consumed in producing it, because energy inputs usually entails greenhouse gas emission in deciding whether a product contribute to or mitigate global warming. Embedded energy is an accounting method aims to find the total of energy necessary for an entire product life-cycle. Determining what constitutes this life cycle including assessing the relevance and extent of energy into raw material extraction, transport, manufacture, assembly, installation and usage. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact that embedded energy of construction materials could be a decision making point while developing a sustainable structure and ultimately on the environment. Key Words: Embedded Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Global Warming, Product Life-Cycle, Sustainable Structure. 1. INTRODUCTION India is vast country with a fast growing population, the increase of population leads to adopt so keeping this in mind we have presented a new design methodologyforsustainablestructural development.Theconstructionindustryrequirestheextraction of vast quantities of material and equipments and this, in turnresultsintheconsumptionofenergyresourcesandthereleaseof deleterious pollutant emissions to the biosphere of environment. Each material has to be extracted, processed and finally transported to its place of use. The energy consumed during these activitiesiscriticallyimportantforhumandevelopment, but also puts at risk the quality and longer term viability of the biosphere as a result of unwanted or second order effects. Many of these side-effects of energy production and consumption give rise to resource uncertainties and potential environmental hazards on local, regional or national scales. Energy and pollutant emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2)mayberegardedas being embodied within materials. Thus, embodied energy can be viewed as the quantity of energy required to process, and supply to the construction site, the material under consideration. 1.1 What is an embedded carbon? An ‘embedded carbon’ is a measure of the greenhouse gas emissions associated withanindirectactivity,groupofactivitiesora product. Nearly everything that we do produces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions either directly or indirectly; whether it be getting to work, watching TV or buying our lunch. The most important greenhouse gas produced byhumanactivitiesiscarbon dioxide. Direct GHG emissions sources are often easy to identify – for example burning fossil fuels for electricity generation, heating and transport. It is sometimes less obvious that products and services also cause indirect emissions throughout their life-cycles. Energy is required for production and transport of products,andgreenhousegasesarealsoreleasedwhenproducts are disposed of at the end of their useful lives. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Jyoti Parikh a, Manoj Panda b , A. Ganesh-Kumar b , Vinay Singh they have studied that analyses of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the Indian economy by producing sectors and due to household final consumption The analysis is based on an Input–Output and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year2003–04thatdistinguishes25sectorsand10householdclasses According to them Total emissions of the Indian economy in 2003–04 are estimated to be 1217 million tons (MT) of CO2, of which 57% is due to the use of coal and lignite. The per capita emissions turn out to be about 1.14 tons. The highest direct emissions are due to electricity sector followed by manufacturing, steel and road transportation.[1]
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 583 Mary Lissy P N divide A Carbon footprint in two parts: the Primary footprint and the Secondary footprint. For found out total quantity of carbon emission he was following factors like, Human Factor, Transportation, Electricity, Solid Waste, Production and Consumption of Food, LPG, Natural Gas, Buildings. And multiply their emission constant like for Humanfactor- 1.14kgper person per day, Petrol 2.3 kg per liter, Solar based electricity 0.05kg per kwh, LPG 1.5kg per kg. [2] Changhai Peng And Xiao Wu have studied that Using buildinginformationmodeling(BIM)andECOTECT,the estimatedcarbon emissions during an office building’s life cycle. That building’s life cycle CO2 emissions were divided into three parts: the construction, operation, and demolition stages. Among these, the statistics on the schedule of quantitiesweregeneratedusing BIM, and the energy consumption during the building’s operational stage was obtained using ECOTECTsimulation. Sensitivity analysis was performed by changing several alternative parameters,toidentifywhichparameterhasmoreimpactsonbuilding performance [3] 3. METHODOLOGY Determination of carbon emission consists of two phases such as defining the carbon emission and quantifying the carbon emission. Development of carbon level in our college campus depends on the characteristics of vehicles and other factors considered in the project. Thus it is necessary to carry out certain test to determine the atmosphericcharacteristicsinorderto decide effective treatment process. Hence we have to analyse the sources of carbon emission through our campus. For this analysis we bifurcate the sources of carbon emission depending on their raw materials used for their processing of direct and indirect carbon emission. In first phase of project we analysis direct carbon emission in our campus. In direct carbon emission,sourcesused foranalysis were divided into 3 parts transport, electricity and canteen. After getting vehicular data and electricity uses, we compare the data with ISO standard coefficient to get CO2 emission in KG. In next phase of the project we are analyzing embedded energy in the form of carbon which is emitted in the environment in the life-cycle of the structural development of the campus. In that detail estimate of material used in structural developmentis compared with ISO standard coefficient to get total energy evolved in the form of carbon. But greenery and vegetation in campus absorbs some amount of carbon for photosynthesis, deducting these losses we are finding net carbon evolutioninour campus area. Fig No 1: Flow Chart of Methodology
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 584 4. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY As per the requirement, project location confirm as the DYPIEMR campus. After thatpremisessurveycarriedoutandbifurcate the sources direct and indirect. In first phase of project direct sources of carbon emission are marked out and classification is done. As per the bifurcation the daily count of vehicledependingonGear andNon-Gear,Cars,Trucks,Bus,JCB,andTempowere collected and mention roughly to get idea about the variationincountaccordingtopeak daysandhours.All thesevehicleswere categorized under PCU as it is difficult to analyze these vehicles separately. With the help of PUC (pollution under control) the percentage of carbon emission for specific passenger car unit were measured. This approximatepercentageofspecificcarunit helped to find total carbon emission in Kg of CO2 using carbon footprint calculators. Thus these reading of carbon emission compared with existing ISO standard for life cycle assessment (LCA) for greenhouse gas accounting ISO 14040/44, ISO14025 and ISO 14065 as it is most acknowledged existing ISO standards. As the electricity used in our campus is generated by hydropower station, results of carbon emission level due to electricity were null. Average data of CO2 emission in Kg for three month is enlisted below- Table no 1: Equivalent CO2 emission per day 53.4 22.78 124.67 13.5 5.57 1.5 Motorcycle(<150cc) Motorcycle(150-350cc)) Moped(125cc) Car(petrol) Car(Diesel) Others Pie Chart 1: Equivalent CO2 emission per day Equivalent CO2 emission per day Category of vehicle Average data Frequency of vehicle Average distance Emission factors CO2 emission KM Kg CO2/km Kg CO2/day 1 Motor-cycle(<125cc) 235 2 2.5 0.04543 53.4037 2 Motor-cycle(150-350cc) 135 1 2.5 0.06750 22.7812 3 Moped(125cc) 449 2 2.5 0.05553 124.6648 4 Car(Petrol) 54 1 1.5 0.16660 13.4946 5 Car(Diesel) 23 1 1.5 0.16160 5.5752 6 Bus 1 1 1 0.29080 0.2908 7 Tempo 2 1 1.5 0.20770 0.6231 8 JCB 1 1 1 0.48480 0.4848
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 585 5. CONCLUSION The carbon levels are rising daily due to improper use of transport services, private vehicles, etc. the problems of global warming, improper weather is arising mostly seen in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, etc. In order to reduce these levels awareness should be spread among peopletousemorepublictransportavoidingsinglevehicle use. The goal of this project is to help people understand and shrink carbon emission which would be emitted by them. The carbon footprint hasbeenutilizedbycommercializedtocountthemselvesandtheirproductscarbonand adopt the preventive measures to reduce the carbon emission and achieve a sustainable development along with minimum effects on environment. 6. REFERENCES [1] Jyoti Parikh a, Manoj Panda b , A. Ganesh-Kumar b , Vinay Singh “CO2 emissions structure of Indian economy”1 january 2009In A Integrated Research & Action for Development. [2] Mary Lissy P N (2012) “Carbon Footprint of anEducational Institutionasa Technique forSustainableDevelopment “InThe International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES),Volume 1 ,Issue2Pages196-200,in2012,ISSN:2319– 1813ISBN: 2319 – 1805. [3] Changhai Peng And Xiao Wu presented paper on Case Study of Carbon Emissions from a Building’s Life Cycle Based on BIM and Ecotect in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2015 , Article ID 954651, 15 pages. [4] R velavan, R Rudramoorthy and S balachandran “CO2 Emission reductionopportunitiesforsmall andmediumscaletextile sector in India on PSG college of technology” In India journal of scientific and industrial research vol. 68, July 2009. [5] T. V. Ramachandra, K. Sreejith and H. A. Bharath “ Sector Wise Assessment of Carbon FootprintAcrossMajorCitiesinIndia Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors in the year 2014” in Volume 2 EcoProduction, DOI: 10.1007/978-9814585-75-0_8 BIOGRAPHIES Saksham N. Pardakhe BE Student, Department Of Civil Engineering,D.Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India Shital S. Suryawanshi BE Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India Dhanashri S. Tambe BE Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India oto
- 5. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 11 | Nov 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 586 Suraj S. Shetye BE Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India Mr. Amol V. More Assistant Professor, Department Of Civil Engineering, D.Y. Patil Institute Of Engineering,Management & Research, Akurdi-Pune,Maharashtra, India