IRJET - IoT based Home Automation using ATmega328 Microcontroller

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3167
IoT based Home Automation using ATmega328 Microcontroller
Prof. V. M. Pimpalkar1, Damini Gattewar2, Chetan Bhoyar3, Punam Aglawe4, Payal Khobragade5
Rupali Bobade6
1Asst. Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, Ballarpur Institute of Technology, Ballarpur, MH, India.
2,3,4,5,6Student of Electrical Engineering Department, Ballarpur Institute of Technology, Ballarpur, MH, India.
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Abstract - In the modern world of automation where in
most of the system become machine driven, such as industrial
automation, automation in homes and alternative business
sectors. Wireless home automation system using IoT is an
innovative application of internet of things developed to
control home appliances remotely over the cloud. This system
aims to provide the switching control of light, fan or any other
home appliances from anywhere around the world using IoT,
which saves the electric power as well as human energy. The
IoT based home automation project is done usingATmega328
microcontroller, ESP8266 wi-fi module, relays and few simple
components and electrical devices can be controlled and their
status can be monitored. The main goal of this project is the
home automation with controlling the home appliances using
wireless communication as Wi-Fi. In this project smart home
system is designed with the implementation of related
software and hardware.
Key Words: IoT (Internet of Things), Home Automation
System, ATmega328 microcontroller.
1.INTRODUCTION
IOT is the technology which allows us to control hardware
devices through the internet. we know the fact that many
technological developments and innovations playeda major
role in our lives. As the technology is updating every minute
across the world, its time, that we go ahead for the
automation of our houses for complete luxury. Nowadays,
people have smartphones with them all the time and want
everything should be done in one click only. So, we can use
these to control home appliances. Our smart home system
will control lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and
appliances. It’s the era of smart home and it’s the best thing
to ever happen to people who love technology. What the
home automation system can actually do for you is more
than just make things easier. Home automation technology
can be effective to keep people with disabilities and the
elderly safe and help to make their lives a little easier. As the
conventional wall switches are located at different parts in
the house which requires manual operation to control the
appliances. Instead home automation makes it easier.
Sometimes those who are consider elderly who may forget
to turn off the appliances in their homes, and the appliances
continue to run and energy cannot stop consuming, this can
prove to be dangerous.
Thus, this system can be used to turn the appliance
OFF using smart phone. We are proposing a home
automation system using a simple Android app, which you
can use to control electrical appliances with clicks.
Commands are sent via wi-fi module to ATmega328
microcontroller. So, you don’t need to get up to switch ONor
switch OFF the device while watchinga movieordoingsome
work. Thus, having a home automation system installed in
your home is generally beneficial to you and your family.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Home Automation using Cloud Network and Mobile Devices
This paper reviews extension of the current internet which
providing communication, connectionandinter-networking
in between the devices and physical objects, or also known
as Things, is a growing trend which is called as the Internet
of Things. The Internet of Things(loT),that'sgoingtochange
everything which also include ourselves. loT is the next
evolution or generation of the Internet, it's liketakinga huge
leap in its ability to collect, analyse, and distribute data
which ultimately, we can turn into information then
knowledge and finally into wisdom [1].
An Internet of Things (loT) Architecture for Embedded
Appliances
From this paper we understood that there are a number of
issues involved when designing a home automation system.
It should provide a user- friendly interface on the host side,
so that the devices can be easily, monitored, and controlled.
The system should be cost effective in order to justify its
application in smart home systems. To minimize the
drawback of each system and to overcome the designissues,
they integrate locally and remotely controlledsystemsusing
cloud data network. This allows the system to operate
independent of a mobile provider, allows the system to be
used with various mobile phone platforms, and allows the
system to operate locally when phone or computer access is
not available [2].
Home Automation using IoT
This paper tells that home automation is providing home
safety for dwellers. It automatically turns lights on in

stairways, andotherdark places.Everywhere environmental
issues are increased before introducing any technology. In
this regard smart home provides a better solution. Devices
included in home automation consume less power. Besides,
it saves energy. Thus, smart home technology is so far
environmentally suitable. Moreover, the technology keeps
mind in peace. In most cases, guardians face problems and
always they keep tensioning for the safety of their children
staying in home [3].
Home Automation using ATmega328 Microcontroller and
Android Application
From this paper we understood that the automation means
the use of control systems and information technologies to
reduce the need for human work in the production of goods
and services. Whereas mechanization provided human
operators with machinery to assist them with the muscular
requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need
for human physical and mental requirements as well.
Automation plays an important role in the world economy
and in daily experience [4].
3. PROPOSED WORK
Here we propose the system using IoT in order to control
home appliances, thus automating modern homes through
the internet. In this IoT based smart home project,
microcontroller ATmega328 is used for performing all the
operations. This system uses three loads to control house
lights and a fan. Our user-friendly interface allows a user to
easily control these home appliances through the internet.
The complete unit can be powered from the mains
using a step-down transformer of 230V primary to 12V
secondary. A full wave rectifier followed by a capacitor filter
gives the output voltage. In this system, as a 12v relay
module is used so 12v supply is needed, this power supplyis
taken from the secondary of step-down transformer. 5V
supply is needed for powering the microcontroller
ATmega328, LCD and some of the relay module circuit. So,
7805-voltage regulator connected with a 12v supply. This
voltage regulator provides 5v output. A 3.3v powersupplyis
used for powering the ESP8266 wi-fi module as it works on
3.3v. This supply will make by using LM1117 voltage
regulator which can be configurable to 3.3v by using some
voltage divider circuitry with this.
The microcontroller will communicate with
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to send and receive data from the
server and take action accordingly to turn ON/OFF relay or
load and displaying the status of loads over LCD. 16x2 LCD
display is used for displaying the status of connected AC
appliances. Thus, this system allowsforefficientsmart home
over the internet. The block diagram of IoT based Home
Automation is as shown in Fig. 1
Fig-1: Block Diagram of IoT based Home Automation
4.COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR HOME AUTOMATION
The system mainly consists of hardware, software and an
android application.
A. Hardware required—
1.Microcontroller ATmega328 —
ATmega328 is an 8-bit and 28 Pins AVR
MicrocontrollerATmega328P is a high performanceandlow
power consumption 8-bit AVR microcontroller. The
Atmega328 has 28 pins. It has 14 digital I/O pins. It operates
on DC voltage of 5V. It is the brain of the system. It will
communicate with ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to send and
receive data from the server and take action accordingly.
2.ESP8266 wi-fi Module—
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module can give any microcontroller
access to your Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 works on 3.3Volts.
The ESP8266 is a low-cost device to provide internet
connectivity to our project. The module can work both as an
Access point (can create hotspot) and as a station (can
connect to Wi-Fi), hence it can easily fetch data anduploadit
to the internet making Internet of Things as easy as
possible.ESP8266 is one of the most practical modules for
wireless connection (Wi-fi). These modules can be used in
both server and client operating modes.
3.ULN2003 Relay Driver IC—
ULN2003 is very famous relay driver integrated circuit. It is
high voltage and high current integrated IC. The ULN2003 is
a 16-pin IC. It contains seven Darlington pair of transistors
which have high voltageand highcurrentcarryingcapability.
So, it can drive up to seven relays at a time. It contains 7
high-voltage and high current Darlington pairs. Each pair is
rated for 50V and 500mA. Input pins can be triggered by
+5V.

4.LM1117 Voltage Regulator—
It converts the logic level, that is, the voltage you are using
for the logic. If the controller sends bits to the ESP8266 at
5V, the inputs of the latter will be damaged. So, the voltage
should be reduced to 3.3V, that is what the converterdoes. It
needs to be powered with the lower voltage. There arethree
main pins on LM1117 which are the input pin, the ground
pin, the output pin which outputs at 3.3V.
5.LM7805 Voltage Regulator—
A LM7805 Voltage Regulator is a voltage regulatorthatgives
output of +5 volts. We need 5v for powering the
microcontroller ATmega328, LCD and some of the relay
module circuit. So, we will use a 7805-voltage regulator
connected with a 12v supply. Thisvoltageregulatorprovides
5v output.
6.16x2 LCD Display—
16x2 LCD is named so because it has 16 columns and2rows.
It works on 5 volts. In this project, the 16x2 LCD display is
used for displaying the status of connected AC appliances.
7.Relays—
A relay is a form of electrical switch that is operated by
electromagnet which changes over the switching when
current is applied to the coil. Relays are used to switch loads
ON & OFF.
8.TRIAC—
TRIAC (Triode for AC) is the semiconductor device
widely used in power control and switching applications. It
is bidirectional device. Here it is used for speed control of
fan.
B. Software Required—
1. AVR Studio 6—
AVR studio isanIntegrated DevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)
developed by ATMEL for developing different embedded
applications based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller.
2. Prog ISP—
This software supports programming of Atmel
microcontrollers ATmega (AVR). This software is to burn
program into microcontroller. It canbeusedtoerasebuilt-in
Flash and EEPROM memories as well as read and program
them. ISP Programmer also supports serial Atmel Data Flash
memories.
3. PCB Artist—
PCB Artist is a software application to design electrical
circuits boards. PCB Artist is a user friendly & free PCB
layout software that you will find easy to use. It is used to
design the microcontroller and relay boards.
C. Android Application—
The android app Blynk was designed for the Internet of
Things. It can control hardware on one click only, it can
display the data, it can store data, visualize it and do many
other things. When we press a button in the Blynk app, the
message sends to the blynk cloud, where it finds its way to
the hardware. It works and everything happens in a blynk of
an eye.
5. APPLICATIONS
1) Controlled electrical fixtures such as lights and air
conditioners
2) Simplified garden or lawn management
3) Controlled smart home appliances
4) Enhanced safety and security at home
5) Water and air quality control and monitoring
6) Voice based home assistant supporting natural
language
7) Smart locks and switches
6. FUTURE SCOPE
1) The various future applications may be used by
controlling various household devices of house with
internet.
2) Industrial automation and management through
internet.
3) Improvement of security problems.
7. CONCLUSION
In this proposed work, the event of a home management
using internet of things technology is introduced. Not every
has made progress in terms of adopting IoT. Many still need
to make technology upgrades at the most basic levels. Asthe
new technology is developing day by day, smart home
automation is not just about entertainment but it covers
other important aspects related to our daily life it can also
change our lives for the better.
REFERENCES
[1] Dickey N., Banks D., & Sukittanon S. (2012). Home
Automation using Cloud Network and Mobile
Devices. 2012 Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon.
(DOI:10.1109/secon.2012.6197003)
[2] Yashiro T., Kobayashi S., Koshizuka N., & Sakamura
K. (2013). An Internet of Things (IoT) Architecture
for Embedded Appliances. 2013 IEEE Region 10
Humanitarian Technology Conference.
(DOI:10.1109/r10-htc.2013.6669062)
[3] Dr. Amudha A. (2017). Home Automation usingIoT.
International Journal of Electronics Engineering
Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 6. ©
Research India Publications (pp. 939-944)

[4] Anusha S., Madhavi M., Hemalatha R. (2015). Home
Automation using ATmega328 Microcontrollerand
Android Application.International ResearchJournal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). Volume:02
Issue: 06
[5] Rani P. J., Bakthakumar J., Kumaar B. P., Kumaar U.
P. & Kumar S. (2017). Voice Controlled Home
Automation System using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) and internet of things (IoT).
2017Third International Conference on Science
Technology Engineering & Management
(ICONSTEM).
(DOI:10.1109/iconstem.2017.8261311)
[6] Bello O. & Zeadally S. (2016). Intelligent Device-to-
Device Communication in the Internet of Things.
IEEE Systems Journal, 10(3), 1172-1182.
(DOI:10.1109/jsyst.2014.2298837)

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