Isabella Bird was born in Yorkshire, England in 1831. In 1850 she had surgery to remove a tumor from her spine. She traveled extensively in North America, eastern Canada, and the United States. After her father died in 1858, she learned to ride horses to help with back pain. While traveling, she once rode through a blizzard with her eyes frozen shut. Later she went to Japan and hired a translator, before returning to England and marrying her doctor.