Japanese traditional music utilizes various scales, particularly pentatonic scales. The in scale contains semitones between D, Eb, and Bb, and is used for instruments like the koto and shamisen. The yo scale lacks semitones and contains the notes D, E, G, A, B, finding use in folk songs. Students are tasked with playing the Chinese and Japanese scales on keyboards to learn their note structures. The document also provides instruction on finding and naming notes on the piano, identifying C as the starting point of the musical alphabet and explaining how sharps and flats alter the pitch of notes.