Java Programming- Introduction to Java Applet Programs

May 13, 2016Download as PPTX, PDF4 likes664 views

Java Programming- Introduction to Java Applet Programs Java Applets Java Applet Classes Contrast Application with Applet Applet Declaration Body of an Applet Applets Applets and Web Pages – HTML Running the Applet

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
BCA
Java Programming
BCA - 206
Java Applets
Keywords: applet, JApplet, Swing

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Introduction to Java Applet Programs
• Applications are stand alone programs
– executed with Java interpreter
• Applet is a small program
– can be placed on a web page
– will be executed by the web browser
– give web pages “dynamic content”

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Java Applets
• Built using one of general definitions of applets
– Applet class
– JApplet class
• Java applets are usually graphical
– Draw graphics in a defined screen area
– Enable user interaction with GUI elements

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Java Applet Classes
Abstract Windowing Toolkit AWT
Earlier versions of Java
Applet class is one of the AWT components
Java Foundation Classes JFC
Extension to Java in 1997
Has a collection of Swing components for
enhanced GUIs
Swing component classes begin with J

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Java Applets
• Applets are Java programs that can be embedded in
HTML documents
– To run an applet you must create a .html file which
references the applet
– Ready to Program also will run an applet
• When browser loads Web page containing applet
– Applet downloads into Web browser
– begins execution
• Can be tested using appletviewer program

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Contrast Application with Applet
Application
• Object class extended, Class not declared public, Has a
main(), static keyword used, Uses System.exit(1)
Applet
• JApplet class extended, class declared to be public, init()
instead of main(), init() not declared with static keyword

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Applet Declaration
Syntax (note difference from application
declaration)
public class ClassName extends
JAapplet
ClassName is an object that
will be a subclass of JApplet

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Body of an Applet
There is no main() method in an applet
JApplet class provides other methods
instead of a main method
First method implemented is the init()
method

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Applets
• Applet
–Program that runs in
• appletviewer (test utility for applets)
• Web browser (IE, Communicator)
–Executes when HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language) document containing applet is
opened
–Applications run in command windows

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Applets and Web Pages – HTML
• Applets embedded in a web page
– Executed when web page loaded by browser
• Web pages structured with HTML codes
–HyperText Mark-up Language
• Syntax
<command>
. . .
</command>
Turns format on
Turns the format off
Turns format on
Turns the format off

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Applets and Web Pages – HTML
• Embedding Java applets
– Insert applet tags
<APPLET>
</APPLET>
• Call the specific applet by its file name
<APPLET CODE = "Whatever.class"
WIDTH = nnn HEIGHT = mmmm>
<APPLET>
Where nnn and mmm are specific pixel sizes

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Applets and Web Pages – HTML
Create the web page code using a text editor
Save it with an .html suffix
Open this file with
appletviewer or with a web
browser that supports Java
Java Plug-in must be
installed (part of J2SDK 1.4.1
from Sun)
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<APPLET CODE = . . . >
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Client Web browser anywhere can access this
web page from its host server
• Embedded Java applet runs on client browser
(of any type platform)
• This means a client anywhere on any type of
platform can run a piece of software
developed on any other type of platform
Applets and Web Pages – HTML

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a
String

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Running the Applet
• Save this file as WelcomeApplet.java
• Compile this program
–If no errors, bytecodes stored in
WelcomeApplet.class

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Running An Applet
Now Create an HTML file indicating which applet the browser
(or appletviewer) should load and execute
• Save it as WelcomeApplet.html
• Make sure you save it in the same directory as
the .java file
<html>
<applet code = “WelcomeApplet.class" width=275 height = 100>
</applet>
</html>

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Running An Applet
• To execute an applet, either run the html file
on java enabled web browser or run the
following command at command prompt
appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html
The output :

Java applets allow Java programs to run in a web browser. Applets are downloaded and run similarly to web pages. When a web page containing an applet tag is loaded, the browser downloads the applet class file from the web server and executes it within the browser's context on the client host. Applets are subject to security restrictions that prevent them from accessing local files or making network connections except back to the host from which they were downloaded.

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The life cycle of an applet involves different states including born, running, idle, and dead as it loads, executes code, becomes inactive, and is removed from memory. An applet transitions between these states, calling methods like init(), start(), stop(), paint(), and destroy() that perform initialization, launching execution, pausing, drawing to the screen, and cleanup. The init() method is called once while start() and stop() can be called multiple times as the applet loads, resumes running, and becomes inactive.

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1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi BCA Java Programming BCA - 206 Java Applets Keywords: applet, JApplet, Swing

2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Introduction to Java Applet Programs • Applications are stand alone programs – executed with Java interpreter • Applet is a small program – can be placed on a web page – will be executed by the web browser – give web pages “dynamic content”

3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Java Applets • Built using one of general definitions of applets – Applet class – JApplet class • Java applets are usually graphical – Draw graphics in a defined screen area – Enable user interaction with GUI elements

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5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Java Applets • Applets are Java programs that can be embedded in HTML documents – To run an applet you must create a .html file which references the applet – Ready to Program also will run an applet • When browser loads Web page containing applet – Applet downloads into Web browser – begins execution • Can be tested using appletviewer program

6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Contrast Application with Applet Application • Object class extended, Class not declared public, Has a main(), static keyword used, Uses System.exit(1) Applet • JApplet class extended, class declared to be public, init() instead of main(), init() not declared with static keyword

7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Applet Declaration Syntax (note difference from application declaration) public class ClassName extends JAapplet ClassName is an object that will be a subclass of JApplet

8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Body of an Applet There is no main() method in an applet JApplet class provides other methods instead of a main method First method implemented is the init() method

9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Applets • Applet –Program that runs in • appletviewer (test utility for applets) • Web browser (IE, Communicator) –Executes when HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) document containing applet is opened –Applications run in command windows

10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Applets and Web Pages – HTML • Applets embedded in a web page – Executed when web page loaded by browser • Web pages structured with HTML codes –HyperText Mark-up Language • Syntax <command> . . . </command> Turns format on Turns the format off Turns format on Turns the format off

11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Applets and Web Pages – HTML • Embedding Java applets – Insert applet tags <APPLET> </APPLET> • Call the specific applet by its file name <APPLET CODE = "Whatever.class" WIDTH = nnn HEIGHT = mmmm> <APPLET> Where nnn and mmm are specific pixel sizes

12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Applets and Web Pages – HTML Create the web page code using a text editor Save it with an .html suffix Open this file with appletviewer or with a web browser that supports Java Java Plug-in must be installed (part of J2SDK 1.4.1 from Sun) <HTML> <HEAD> </HEAD> <BODY> <APPLET CODE = . . . > </APPLET> </BODY> </HTML>

13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 • Client Web browser anywhere can access this web page from its host server • Embedded Java applet runs on client browser (of any type platform) • This means a client anywhere on any type of platform can run a piece of software developed on any other type of platform Applets and Web Pages – HTML

14. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String

15. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Running the Applet • Save this file as WelcomeApplet.java • Compile this program –If no errors, bytecodes stored in WelcomeApplet.class

16. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Running An Applet Now Create an HTML file indicating which applet the browser (or appletviewer) should load and execute • Save it as WelcomeApplet.html • Make sure you save it in the same directory as the .java file <html> <applet code = “WelcomeApplet.class" width=275 height = 100> </applet> </html>

17. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75 Running An Applet • To execute an applet, either run the html file on java enabled web browser or run the following command at command prompt appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html The output :

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