#JaxLondon keynote: Developing applications with a microservice architecture
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The document summarizes Chris Richardson's presentation on developing applications with a microservice architecture. The presentation discusses how decomposing monolithic applications into microservices improves deployability, scalability, and simplifies adopting new technologies. It covers the benefits of microservices, including improved fault isolation, reduced commitment to technology stacks, and easier scaling of development. It also discusses challenges like complexity in developing, testing, and operating distributed systems.
![@crichardson
Example micro-service
require 'sinatra'
post '/' do
phone_number = params[:From]
registration_url = "#{ENV['REGISTRATION_URL']}?phoneNumber=#{URI.encode(phone_number, "+")}"
<<-eof
<Response>
<Sms>To complete registration please go to #{registration_url}</Sms>
</Response>
eof
end
Responds to incoming SMS messages
via Twilio](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/developingapplicationswithamicro-servicearchitecturejaxlondon2014-141020111717-conversion-gate01/85/JaxLondon-keynote-Developing-applications-with-a-microservice-architecture-24-320.jpg)
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#JaxLondon keynote: Developing applications with a microservice architecture
- 1. @crichardson Developing applications with a microservice architecture Chris Richardson Author of POJOs in Action Founder of the original CloudFoundry.com @crichardson [email protected] http://plainoldobjects.com
- 2. Presentation goal How decomposing applications into @crichardson microservices improves deployability and scalability and simplifies the adoption of new technologies
- 5. @crichardson About Chris Founder of a buzzword compliant (stealthy, social, mobile, big data, machine learning, ...) startup Consultant helping organizations improve how they architect and deploy applications using cloud computing, micro services, polyglot applications, NoSQL, ...
- 6. @crichardson Agenda The (sometimes evil) monolith Decomposing applications into services Using an API gateway Inter-service communication mechanisms
- 7. @crichardson Let’s imagine you are building an online store
- 8. @crichardson Traditional application architecture StoreFrontUI Product Info Service Recommendation Service Tomcat Browser/ Client WAR/EAR MySQL Database Review Service Simple to develop test deploy Load balancer scale Spring MVC Spring Hibernate Order Service HTML REST/JSON
- 9. @crichardson But big, complex, monolithic applications ⇒ big problems
- 11. @crichardson Obstacle to frequent deployments Need to redeploy everything to change one component Interrupts long running background (e.g. Quartz) jobs Increases risk of failure Fear of change Updates will happen less often - really long QA cycles e.g. Makes A/B testing UI really difficult Eggs in one basket
- 12. @crichardson Overloads your IDE and container Slows down development
- 13. @crichardson Obstacle to scaling development I want to update the UI But the backend is not working yet! Lots of coordination and communication required
- 14. Requires long-term commitment to a technology stack @crichardson
- 15. @crichardson Agenda The (sometimes evil) monolith Decomposing applications into services Using an API gateway Inter-service communication mechanisms
- 16. @crichardson
- 17. @crichardson The scale cube X axis - horizontal duplication Z axis - data partitioning Y axis - functional decomposition similar splitting by things Scale Scale by splitting different things
- 18. @crichardson Y-axis scaling - application level WAR Storefront UI Product Info Service Recommendation Service Review Service Order Service
- 19. @crichardson Y-axis scaling - application level Storefront UI Product Info Service Recommendation Service Review Service Order Service
- 20. @crichardson Y-axis scaling - application level Product Info Service Product Info Recommendation Service Review Service Order Service Browse Products UI Checkout UI Order management UI Account management UI Apply X-axis and Z-axis scaling to each service independently
- 21. Service deployment options @crichardson Isolation, manageability VM or Physical Machine Docker/Linux container JVM JAR/WAR/OSGI bundle/... Density/efficiency
- 22. @crichardson Partitioning strategies... Partition by noun, e.g. product info service Partition by verb, e.g. Checkout UI Single Responsibility Principle Unix utilities - do one focussed thing well
- 23. @crichardson Partitioning strategies Too few Drawbacks of the monolithic architecture Too many - a.k.a. Nano-service anti-pattern Runtime overhead Potential risk of excessive network hops Potentially difficult to understand system Something of an art
- 24. @crichardson Example micro-service require 'sinatra' post '/' do phone_number = params[:From] registration_url = "#{ENV['REGISTRATION_URL']}?phoneNumber=#{URI.encode(phone_number, "+")}" <<-eof <Response> <Sms>To complete registration please go to #{registration_url}</Sms> </Response> eof end Responds to incoming SMS messages via Twilio
- 25. @crichardson More service, less micro But more realistically... Focus on building services that make development and deployment easier - not just tiny services
- 26. @crichardson Real world examples http://techblog.netflix.com/ ~600 services http://highscalability.com/amazon-architecture 100-150 services to build a page http://www.addsimplicity.com/downloads/ eBaySDForum2006-11-29.pdf http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1394128
- 27. @crichardson There are many benefits
- 28. @crichardson Smaller, simpler apps Easier to understand and develop Less jar/classpath hell - who needs OSGI? Faster to build and deploy Reduced startup time - important for GAE
- 29. Scales development: develop, deploy and scale each service independently @crichardson
- 30. @crichardson Improves fault isolation
- 31. Eliminates long-term commitment to a single technology stack @crichardson Modular, polyglot, multi-framework applications
- 32. @crichardson Two levels of architecture System-level Services Inter-service glue: interfaces and communication mechanisms Slow changing Service-level Internal architecture of each service Each service could use a different technology stack Pick the best tool for the job Rapidly evolving
- 33. Easily try other technologies @crichardson ... and fail safely
- 34. But there are drawbacks @crichardson
- 36. Complexity of developing a @crichardson distributed system http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/4/8/microservices-not-a-free-lunch.html
- 37. @crichardson Multiple databases & Transaction management e.g. Fun with eventual consistency Come to my 11.30 am talk
- 38. @crichardson Complexity of testing a distributed system http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/4/8/microservices-not-a-free-lunch.html
- 39. Complexity of deploying and operating a distributed @crichardson system http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/4/8/microservices-not-a-free-lunch.html You need a lot of automation
- 40. @crichardson Developing and deploying features that span multiple services requires careful coordination
- 41. @crichardson When to use it? In the beginning: •You don’t need it •It will slow you down Later on: •You need it •Refactoring is painful
- 42. @crichardson Agenda The (sometimes evil) monolith Decomposing applications into services Using an API gateway Inter-service communication mechanisms
- 43. Let’s imagine that you want to display a product’s details... Product Info Reviews Recommendations @crichardson
- 44. Directly connecting the front-end to the backend @crichardson View Controller Model Product Info service Recommendation Service Review service REST REST Thrift Traditional server-side web application View Controller Model Browser/Native App Chatty API Web unfriendly protocols
- 45. @crichardson Use an API gateway View Controller Model Product Info service Recommendation Service Review service REST REST Thrift API Gateway View Controller Model Browser/Native App Single entry point Client specific APIs Protocol translation Traditional server-side web application
- 46. @crichardson Optimized client-specific APIs Web application Mobile App NodeJS API Gateway REST proxy Event publishing Product Info service Recommendation Service Review service REST REST Thrift getProductInfo() getRecomm...() getReviews() getProductDetails()
- 47. @crichardson Netflix API Gateway http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/01/optimizing-netflix-api.html Device specific end points
- 48. @crichardson API gateway design challenges Performance and scalability Non-blocking I/O Asynchronous, concurrent code Handling partial failures .... http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/02/fault-tolerance-in-high-volume.html
- 49. @crichardson Useful frameworks for building an API gateway JVM: Netty, Vertex Netflix Hystrix ... Other: NodeJS
- 50. @crichardson Agenda The (sometimes evil) monolith Decomposing applications into services Using an API gateway Inter-service communication mechanisms
- 51. Inter-service communication options @crichardson Synchronous HTTP ⇔ asynchronous AMQP Formats: JSON, XML, Protocol Buffers, Thrift, ... Asynchronous is preferred JSON is fashionable but binary format is more efficient
- 52. Pros and cons of messaging Pros Cons Decouples client from Additional complexity of server message broker Message broker buffers Request/reply-style messages communication is more Supports a variety of complex communication patterns
- 53. Pros and cons of HTTP Pros Simple and familiar Request/reply is easy Firewall friendly No intermediate broker Cons Only supports request/ reply Server must be available Client needs to discover URL(s) of server(s)
- 54. @crichardson Discovery option #1: Internal load balancer Load Balancer Product Info Service Product Info Service Product Info Service Product Info Service Client/ API gateway Services register with load balancer Client talks to load balancer Has a well-known location http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ElasticLoadBalancing/latest/DeveloperGuide/USVPC_creating_basic_lb.html
- 55. @crichardson Discovery option #2: client-side load balancing REST Client Product Info Service Product Info Service Product Info Service Product Info Service Client Service Registry Services register with registry Client polls registry http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/01/announcing-ribbon-tying-netflix-mid.html http://techblog.netflix.com/2012/09/eureka.html
- 56. @crichardson Lots of moving parts! PProrodducutc tIn Ifnofo Service Recommendation Service Review Service Order Service Browse Products UI Checkout UI Order management UI Account management UI API Gate way Service registry Content Router HTML Browser REST Client Ext. LB Ext. LB
- 58. Monolithic applications are simple to develop and deploy @crichardson BUT have significant drawbacks
- 59. @crichardson Apply the scale cube Modular, polyglot, and scalable applications Services developed, deployed and scaled independently
- 60. Use a modular, polyglot architecture View Controller Product Info @crichardson Model service Recommendation Service Review service REST REST AMQP API Gateway Server-side web application View Controller Model Browser/Native application
- 61. @crichardson Start refactoring your monolith Monolith Anti-corruption Service layer Glue code Pristine
- 62. Come to my 11.30 am talk to learn more.... Building microservices with Scala, functional domain models and @crichardson Spring Boot
- 63. @crichardson [email protected] @crichardson Questions? http://plainoldobjects.com http://microservices.io