Jsp session tracking

7/23/2017 JSP - Session Tracking
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Classic Codes & Dashing Developer (Ashok Kumar Pachauri) originated from the idea that there exists a class of
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JSP - Session Tracking
July 22, 2017
In this chapter, we will discuss session tracking in JSP. HTTP is a "stateless" protocol which means each
time a client retrieves a Webpage, the client opens a separate connection to the Web server and the
server automatically does not keep any record of previous client request.
Let us now discuss a few options to maintain the session between the Web Client and the Web Server −
A webserver can assign a unique session ID as a cookie to each web client and for subsequent requests
from the client they can be recognized using the received cookie.
This may not be an effective way as the browser at times does not support a cookie. It is not
recommended to use this procedure to maintain the sessions.
A web server can send a hidden HTML form field along with a unique session ID as follows −
<input type = "hidden" name = "sessionid" value = "12345">
This entry means that, when the form is submitted, the specified name and value are automatically
included in the GET or the POST data. Each time the web browser sends the request back,
the session_id value can be used to keep the track of different web browsers.
This can be an effective way of keeping track of the session but clicking on a regular (<A HREF...>)
hypertext link does not result in a form submission, so hidden form fields also cannot support general
session tracking.
You can append some extra data at the end of each URL. This data identifies the session; the server can
associate that session identifier with the data it has stored about that session.
For example, with http://tutorialspoint.com/file.htm;sessionid=12345, the session identifier is
attached as sessionid = 12345 which can be accessed at the web server to identify the client.
URL rewriting is a better way to maintain sessions and works for the browsers when they don't support
cookies. The drawback here is that you will have to generate every URL dynamically to assign a session
ID though page is a simple static HTML page.
Apart from the above mentioned options, JSP makes use of the servlet provided HttpSession Interface.
This interface provides a way to identify a user across.
a one page request or
visit to a website or
store information about that user
By default, JSPs have session tracking enabled and a new HttpSession object is instantiated for each new
client automatically. Disabling session tracking requires explicitly turning it off by setting the page
directive session attribute to false as follows −
<%@ page session = "false" %>
The JSP engine exposes the HttpSession object to the JSP author through the implicit session object.
Since session object is already provided to the JSP programmer, the programmer can immediately begin
storing and retrieving data from the object without any initialization or getSession().
Here is a summary of important methods available through the session object −
S.No. Method & Description
1
public Object getAttribute(String name)
This method returns the object bound with the specified name in
this session, or null if no object is bound under the name.
2 public Enumeration getAttributeNames()
This method returns an Enumeration of String objects containing
the names of all the objects bound to this session.
3
public long getCreationTime()
This method returns the time when this session was created,
measured in milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT.
public String getId()
Maintaining Session Between Web Client And Server
Cookies
Hidden Form Fields
URL Rewriting
The session Object

4
public String getId()
This method returns a string containing the unique identifier
assigned to this session.
5
public long getLastAccessedTime()
This method returns the last time the client sent a request
associated with the this session, as the number of milliseconds
since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT.
6
public int getMaxInactiveInterval()
This method returns the maximum time interval, in seconds, that
the servlet container will keep this session open between client
accesses.
7
public void invalidate()
This method invalidates this session and unbinds any objects bound
to it.
8
public boolean isNew()
This method returns true if the client does not yet know about the
session or if the client chooses not to join the session.
9
public void removeAttribute(String name)
This method removes the object bound with the specified name
from this session.
10
public void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
This method binds an object to this session, using the name
specified.
11
public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int interval)
This method specifies the time, in seconds, between client requests
before the servlet container will invalidate this session.
This example describes how to use the HttpSession object to find out the creation time and the last-
accessed time for a session. We would associate a new session with the request if one does not already
exist.
<%@ page import = "java.io.*,java.util.*" %>
<%
// Get session creation time.
Date createTime = new Date(session.getCreationTime());
// Get last access time of this Webpage.
Date lastAccessTime = new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime());
String title = "Welcome Back to my website";
Integer visitCount = new Integer(0);
String visitCountKey = new String("visitCount");
String userIDKey = new String("userID");
String userID = new String("ABCD");
// Check if this is new comer on your Webpage.
if (session.isNew() ){
title = "Welcome to my website";
session.setAttribute(userIDKey, userID);
session.setAttribute(visitCountKey, visitCount);
}
visitCount = (Integer)session.getAttribute(visitCountKey);
visitCount = visitCount + 1;
userID = (String)session.getAttribute(userIDKey);
session.setAttribute(visitCountKey, visitCount);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Session Tracking</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Session Tracking</h1>
</center>
<table border = "1" align = "center">
<tr bgcolor = "#949494">
<th>Session info</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>id</td>
<td><% out.print( session.getId()); %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Creation Time</td>
<td><% out.print(createTime); %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Time of Last Access</td>
<td><% out.print(lastAccessTime); %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>User ID</td>
<td><% out.print(userID); %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Number of visits</td>
<td><% out.print(visitCount); %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Now put the above code in main.jsp and try to access http://localhost:8080/main.jsp. Once you run
the URL, you will receive the following result −
Session Information
Session info value
id 0AE3EC93FF44E3C525B4351B77ABB2D5
Creation Time Tue Jun 08 17:26:40 GMT+04:00 2010
Time of Last Access Tue Jun 08 17:26:40 GMT+04:00 2010
User ID ABCD
Session Tracking Example
Welcome to my website

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User ID ABCD
Number of visits 0
Now try to run the same JSP for the second time, you will receive the following result.
Session Information
info type value
id 0AE3EC93FF44E3C525B4351B77ABB2D5
Creation Time Tue Jun 08 17:26:40 GMT+04:00 2010
Time of Last Access Tue Jun 08 17:26:40 GMT+04:00 2010
User ID ABCD
Number of visits 1
When you are done with a user's session data, you have several options −
Remove a particular attribute − You can call the public void removeAttribute(String
name) method to delete the value associated with the a particular key.
Delete the whole session − You can call the public void invalidate() method to discard an
entire session.
Setting Session timeout − You can call the public void setMaxInactiveInterval(int
interval) method to set the timeout for a session individually.
Log the user out − The servers that support servlets 2.4, you can call logout to log the client
out of the Web server and invalidate all sessions belonging to all the users.
web.xml Configuration − If you are using Tomcat, apart from the above mentioned methods,
you can configure the session time out in web.xml file as follows.
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
The timeout is expressed as minutes, and overrides the default timeout which is 30 minutes in Tomcat.
The getMaxInactiveInterval( ) method in a servlet returns the timeout period for that session in
seconds. So if your session is configured in web.xml for 15 minutes, getMaxInactiveInterval( ) returns
900.
Welcome Back to my website
Deleting Session Data
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