Katalog & Pengatalog:
tantangan kini dan masa depan
Nama: Hendro Wicaksono
Pendidikan: S1 Jurusan Ilmu
Perpustakaan FS-UI (92-97)
Pengalaman kerja: Kemenpera, BEJ,
CIFOR, British Council, Karim
Business Consulting, KPK.
Lead developer SLiMS
    twitter.com/hendrowicaksono

    facebook.com/hendrowicaksono

    hendrowicaksono@yahoo.com
What is a library?




       Apa itu perpustakaan?
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Jadi Perpustakaan adalah:
Sebuah lingkungan pembelajaran
Dimana orang yang datang terinspirasi untuk belajar
Dan terdorong untuk berbagi pengetahuan
Apa itu katalog?
Representasi sumberdaya
(Metadata)
Books
Journals
Newspapers
Gov docs
Maps
Scores
AV
Dissertations
                Library catalogs

Special
collections
Manuscripts
Papers
Univ records

                    Archives

Journal
 articles
Conference
 proceedings
Etc.


                Abstracting &
                Indexing services
Katalog   Pengatalog
Tantangan
Teknologi sudah berkembang jauh
Koleksi berkembang pesat
Perilaku para pencari informasi juga berubah
Elinor Ostrom, 2009 Nobel Prize, Economics
Born: Los Angeles

Fields: Political theory, policy analysis, economics
-- How does the library help her create
 new knowledge?
-- What are her information seeking/sharing
 behaviors and preferences?
-- In what ways does the library
 serve her colleagues and her graduate

 and post-doctoral students?




              Elinor Ostrom at 2009 Nobel prize press conference
              Attribution: © Prolineserver 2010, Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0)
Tech-savvy
Nimble
Enthusiastic
Achievement-oriented
“We’re special”
Metadata terus berkembang
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
                          MPEG-7




                Ecological Metadata Language (EML)
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Many types of information objects (things, places, people, more)
Metadata production – manual and automated
Process redesign
Data mining
Metadata design, development, consulting
Metadata reuse/conversion/exchange; ‘mash-ups’
Where do you typically begin your search
for information on a particular topic?

        Search Engines                          Library Portals



          89%                                      2%

From OCLC: Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005)
Geocentric/
Aristotelian view:
The local
catalog is the
sun




Heliocentric/
Copernican view:
The local catalog
is a planet
Digital Libraries
          The Internet
      Local library systems
   Online cooperative cataloging
Ohio College Library Center (OCLC)
        MARC Record
Early 21st Century Technical Services Landscape

    Bibliographic          Desktop (TS          Data                                      The Web
       Control &          Workstation)     Management
       Metadata
  New sources/types Network, hardware      Relational Data                                Authoring
       of records          and software     Management
                          administration
    New workflows      Transitions to new SQL: queries and                               Publishing
                         library systems       reports
                        (Windows, Web
                              clients)
    New metadata        Macros; impt. of     More data                                   Web site
       standards            ergonomics    manipulation, less                         organization and
                                             data entry                                management
   E-resources and Growing number of       Global change                               Digital library
   digital collections     applications                                                management
                                                                                         systems

 Source: Calhoun, Karen. Technology, productivity, and change in library technical services.
 Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services Volume 27, Issue 3,
 Autumn 2003, Pages 281-289
“[T]he stuff of cultural heritage collections, digital assets, pre-print
services and the open Web, research labs, and learning management
systems remains for the most part outside the scope of the catalog.
Scholarly information objects now include digitized rare and
historical materials, textual primary source materials, graphical images,
materials described in institutional and disciplinary repositories,
conference Web sites, scholarly Web sites … data sets, software,
simulations, a rising array of multimedia resources, learning objects
and courses—the list goes on.”


Calhoun, Karen. The changing nature of the catalog and its integration
with other discovery tools. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2006.
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf
“The availability of primary sources has
been crucial for the success of my
teaching in history. Students have          “The function of searching across
remarked what a difference it has made,     collections is a dream frequently
and I have noticed a big difference
                                            discussed but seldom realized at a
between this course with the availability
of online primary resources to those I      robust level. This paper …
have taught before that were based on       discusses how we might move
printed resources.” –History instructor,    from isolated digital collections to
University of California
                                            interoperable digital libraries.”
                                            —Howard Besser

                 “Digital libraries, far from being simple digital
                 versions of library holdings, are now attracting a
                 new type of public, bringing about new, unique and
                 original ways for reading and understanding
                 texts.”—BibUsages Study, BnF, 2002
• Faculty and students do more
  work and study away from
  campus                                             Do you use electronic sources all of the time,
                                                    most of the time, some of the time, or none of the
• Loyal to the library, but library is                                   time?
  only one element in complex
                                                   60%
  information structure                            50%
                                                   40%




                                         Percent
• Print still important, but almost                                                                 Faculty/Graduate
                                                   30%
                                                                                                    Undergrad
  half of undergraduates say they                  20%
                                                   10%
  rely exclusively or almost                        0%
  exclusively on electronic                                All of the   Some of the   None of the
                                                         time/most of      time          time
  materials                                                 the time
                                                                        Responses
• Seamless linking from one
  information object to another is http://www.clir.org/PUBS/reports/pub110/contents.html
  expected
• Fast forward to 2010: these
  trends many times stronger!
Metadata Before and After the Web:
What is a “Full” Record?
                           Product
                           description
                           & purchase
                           information

                           More like this

                           Editorial
                           reviews & author
     Bibliographic data    info
     Library Holdings
                           Inside the book
     Details
                           Tags, Ratings
     Subjects
                           Customer reviews
     Editions
                           Lists
     Reviews
                           More               + 3 more screens
With thanks to David Lankes:
http://quartz.syr.edu/rdlankes/Presentations/2007/ALCTS.pdf
B.W. (Before the Web)                   A.W. (After the Web)
   • For finding and managing              • For finding and managing many
     library materials (mostly print)        types of materials, for many user
   • Catalog records (well-                  communities
     understood rules and                  • Many types of records
     encoding conventions)                 • Loosely coupled metadata
   • Shared cooperative                      management, reuse and exchange
     cataloging systems                      services among multiple
   • Usually handcrafted, one at a           repositories
     time                                  • Automated creation and metadata
                                             extract, conversion, mapping,
                                             ingest and transfer services
By Angela Ben de Cosanostra http://flickr.com/photos/amcclen/281983490/
Apa yang bisa
    KITA
lakukan bersama
Terbuka pada hal-hal baru:
pemakai/pemustaka, teknologi,
cara kerja, budaya, dll
Membangun jaringan dan
kolaborasi dengan institusi /
repositori lain.
Mulai melakukan implementasi
Teknologi Informasi sedikit demi
sedikit
Menggunakan/mengembangkan
aplikasi yang ramah dengan isu
pertukaran data / interoperabilitas
Integrasi prosedur dan aplikasi
perpustakaan dengan sistem lain:
sistem pembelajaran/e-learning, sistem
akademis, web services, dll.
Renovasi perpustakaan.
Membangun SDM perpustakaan
yang skill TI nya mumpuni untuk
operasional perpustakaan.
Tingkatkan skill dan wawasan
pengatalogan.
Efisiensi dan
efektivitas kerja
pengatalogan di
perpustakaan
Kreatif dan berani mengambil
keputusan.
Kerjasama, bukan hanya sama-sama
kerja.
Affordability and      Expense of cataloging
                       Rapid growth of Web resources and
Scalability            digital assets
                       Need more than descriptive
                       metadata
                       Interoperability issues

Competition for        Shrinking tech services
                       departments
Resources to Develop   Streamlining tech services
New Library Services   workflows
                       Increasing use of external sources
                       of data; automated cataloging
                       methods

Significance of the    Catalog is one part of a much
                       larger infosphere
Catalog                Many new types of scholarly
                       information objects not covered by
                       catalog
Help build new kinds of systems for
Increasing investment                                      discovery and delivery; many new
in discovery systems                                       kinds of metadata; emphasis on re-
                                                           use, interconnections,
                                                           interoperability

Active participation in                                    Project and team-based
                                                           workplaces; involvement in digital
the community                                              asset management; metadata
                                                           creation and consulting work;
                                                           decreasing involvement in
                                                           traditional cataloguing duties

Technology-driven                                          Need for “IT fluency,” esp.
                                                           metadata specialists; increasing
research, teaching and                                     involvement in digital library
                                                           research, development, and
learning                                                   production projects


  Tables 1 and 2 adapted from: Calhoun, Karen. 2007. "Being a librarian: metadata and metadata
  specialists in the twenty-first century". Library Hi Tech. 25 (2): 174-187. Preprint available: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/2231
• Achieving efficiencies; freeing up expertise for other
   priorities
• Achieving quality results
• Making collections more visible and usable
• Optimizing the usefulness of the metadata we already have
• Realizing the dream of interoperable digital libraries
1. Look at the whole process as one process (e.g.,
   selection to ordering to receipt to cataloging to
   shelf-ready)
2. Maximize acquisitions/cataloging collaboration
3. Capture bibliographic data as far upstream as
   possible (at point of selection/ordering if you
   can)
4. To the greatest extent possible, handle items and
   records only once
5. Perform work where it makes the most sense;
   and maximize use of students/volunteers
6. Wholly manual processes do not scale; integrate
   automated and manual operations
Must begin with user’s needs and end with
user’s perceptions
What does ‘quality’ mean?
  • Fast cycle time for new materials
  • Providing for easy, convenient use of library
    collections
  • Being creative, responsive and flexible
  • Optimizing the library’s investment in
    personnel, materials, equipment, etc.
  • Balancing trade-offs
“Rather than enhancing
                                                                     MARC and MARC-based
                                                                     systems, let’s give priority
                                                                     to interoperability with
                                                                     other encoding schemas
                                                                     and systems. We need to
                                                                     meet the demands that
                                                                     have arisen from the
                                                                     rest of the information
                                                                      universe. “
http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2010/2010-06.pdf
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
Data               Flickr Commons
                          s   y nc h
WorldCat &
WorldCat Partners…




                       Other partners
State Library of
                                                                  Queensland




http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3197460723/
Find in a library
ser s in:
                                 ulling u
                       ao   ut, p          data
            met   adat          ng m
                                      et a
  ush ing             ut l inki
P               l abo
       It ’s al
Outward
                              Integration,
                               Exposure,
                               Machine to
                              Machine Data
                                Services


                             Portal Products,
                   GLOBAL
                                  Group
Data                          Aggregation &
Flows,                      Search, Resource
                                 Sharing
Synchronization,
Web services,
                                  Local
Metadata                     Authentication,
                   GROUP
Management                      Collection
                            Building, Delivery
                                 Services
Optimizing the metadata we already have: an
example (James Thurber’s Identity)
VIAF (Virtual International Authority File):
Facilitating research across languages
WorldCat knowledge base management


                   Librarian   Librarian   Librarian
                       1           2           3



             WorldCat knowledge base Admin


             WorldCat knowledge base data

                        Knowledge base API

 Federated         Link
                                           ERM         A to Z list
  Search         Resolver



                    User 1     User 2      User 3
Worldwide Open Access Repositories


   Source:




  1,719 repositories
  worldwide
       Of the top 50:
          US – 16
       Germany – 8
        France – 7
      Switzerland – 4
           UK – 3
     Netherlands – 2
       Australia – 2
(Source: Cybermetrics Lab)
• Aggregation (union catalog) of harvested open access
   collections
• OAI-OMH
• 25 million records, 1100 contributing institutions
• Began at University of Michigan; now managed by OCLC
• Going to self-service contribution model (Digital
   Collections Gateway)
Self-service tool for uploading to WorldCat
Freely available to members and non-members of OCLC
Makes digital content more visible
Compatible with all OAI-compliant repositories
More information:
http://www.oclc.org/gateway/about/default.htm
Library metadata has reached a point of
discontinuous change
We must change how we think about it
and what we do




                 Photo by: OMG Ventures
                 http://www.flickr.com/photos/imagebuilders/2877401212/
1. Cooperate (don’t go it alone)
2. Use a blend of metadata techniques to:
   • Create many paths to your collections (print, licensed,
     digital)
         Synchronize
         Syndicate
   • Call attention to a wide array of collections on behalf of your
     communities (not just your own holdings)

3. Think of traditional library metadata as one of many
   possible approaches
1. Extend WorldCat’s relevance for multilingual
   cataloging, discovery, and delivery
2. Help libraries collaborate to reduce costs and reach
   more citizens, students, and scholars
3. Help libraries expose their collections where the
   users are—on the Web, using the global information
   infrastructure
Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
The OCLC cooperative:
                2008
              69,826 libraries in 112 countries


          1,355
                                    5,639
         55,284
                                            4,253
Cataloging                          1,080
eBooks
Reference
                              882
Digitization & Preservation                     1,015
Resource Sharing
Collection Analysis                                 320
90.6m Books              3.8m Sound recordings
 4.6m Serials            2.4m Scores
 3.6m Visual materials    .8m Computer files
 1.6m Maps               .9m Archival collections




          108 million records
          1.3 billion holdings
Contoh ucs dan nayanes
Give added value services

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Katalog dan Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan

  • 1. Katalog & Pengatalog: tantangan kini dan masa depan
  • 2. Nama: Hendro Wicaksono Pendidikan: S1 Jurusan Ilmu Perpustakaan FS-UI (92-97) Pengalaman kerja: Kemenpera, BEJ, CIFOR, British Council, Karim Business Consulting, KPK. Lead developer SLiMS twitter.com/hendrowicaksono facebook.com/hendrowicaksono [email protected]
  • 3. What is a library? Apa itu perpustakaan?
  • 5. Jadi Perpustakaan adalah: Sebuah lingkungan pembelajaran Dimana orang yang datang terinspirasi untuk belajar Dan terdorong untuk berbagi pengetahuan
  • 8. Books Journals Newspapers Gov docs Maps Scores AV Dissertations Library catalogs Special collections Manuscripts Papers Univ records Archives Journal articles Conference proceedings Etc. Abstracting & Indexing services
  • 9. Katalog Pengatalog
  • 13. Perilaku para pencari informasi juga berubah
  • 14. Elinor Ostrom, 2009 Nobel Prize, Economics Born: Los Angeles Fields: Political theory, policy analysis, economics -- How does the library help her create new knowledge? -- What are her information seeking/sharing behaviors and preferences? -- In what ways does the library serve her colleagues and her graduate and post-doctoral students? Elinor Ostrom at 2009 Nobel prize press conference Attribution: © Prolineserver 2010, Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons (cc-by-sa-3.0)
  • 17. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata MPEG-7 Ecological Metadata Language (EML)
  • 24. Many types of information objects (things, places, people, more) Metadata production – manual and automated Process redesign Data mining Metadata design, development, consulting Metadata reuse/conversion/exchange; ‘mash-ups’
  • 25. Where do you typically begin your search for information on a particular topic? Search Engines Library Portals 89% 2% From OCLC: Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources (2005)
  • 26. Geocentric/ Aristotelian view: The local catalog is the sun Heliocentric/ Copernican view: The local catalog is a planet
  • 27. Digital Libraries The Internet Local library systems Online cooperative cataloging Ohio College Library Center (OCLC) MARC Record
  • 28. Early 21st Century Technical Services Landscape Bibliographic Desktop (TS Data The Web Control & Workstation) Management Metadata New sources/types Network, hardware Relational Data Authoring of records and software Management administration New workflows Transitions to new SQL: queries and Publishing library systems reports (Windows, Web clients) New metadata Macros; impt. of More data Web site standards ergonomics manipulation, less organization and data entry management E-resources and Growing number of Global change Digital library digital collections applications management systems Source: Calhoun, Karen. Technology, productivity, and change in library technical services. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services Volume 27, Issue 3, Autumn 2003, Pages 281-289
  • 29. “[T]he stuff of cultural heritage collections, digital assets, pre-print services and the open Web, research labs, and learning management systems remains for the most part outside the scope of the catalog. Scholarly information objects now include digitized rare and historical materials, textual primary source materials, graphical images, materials described in institutional and disciplinary repositories, conference Web sites, scholarly Web sites … data sets, software, simulations, a rising array of multimedia resources, learning objects and courses—the list goes on.” Calhoun, Karen. The changing nature of the catalog and its integration with other discovery tools. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf
  • 30. “The availability of primary sources has been crucial for the success of my teaching in history. Students have “The function of searching across remarked what a difference it has made, collections is a dream frequently and I have noticed a big difference discussed but seldom realized at a between this course with the availability of online primary resources to those I robust level. This paper … have taught before that were based on discusses how we might move printed resources.” –History instructor, from isolated digital collections to University of California interoperable digital libraries.” —Howard Besser “Digital libraries, far from being simple digital versions of library holdings, are now attracting a new type of public, bringing about new, unique and original ways for reading and understanding texts.”—BibUsages Study, BnF, 2002
  • 31. • Faculty and students do more work and study away from campus Do you use electronic sources all of the time, most of the time, some of the time, or none of the • Loyal to the library, but library is time? only one element in complex 60% information structure 50% 40% Percent • Print still important, but almost Faculty/Graduate 30% Undergrad half of undergraduates say they 20% 10% rely exclusively or almost 0% exclusively on electronic All of the Some of the None of the time/most of time time materials the time Responses • Seamless linking from one information object to another is http://www.clir.org/PUBS/reports/pub110/contents.html expected • Fast forward to 2010: these trends many times stronger!
  • 32. Metadata Before and After the Web: What is a “Full” Record? Product description & purchase information More like this Editorial reviews & author Bibliographic data info Library Holdings Inside the book Details Tags, Ratings Subjects Customer reviews Editions Lists Reviews More + 3 more screens With thanks to David Lankes: http://quartz.syr.edu/rdlankes/Presentations/2007/ALCTS.pdf
  • 33. B.W. (Before the Web) A.W. (After the Web) • For finding and managing • For finding and managing many library materials (mostly print) types of materials, for many user • Catalog records (well- communities understood rules and • Many types of records encoding conventions) • Loosely coupled metadata • Shared cooperative management, reuse and exchange cataloging systems services among multiple • Usually handcrafted, one at a repositories time • Automated creation and metadata extract, conversion, mapping, ingest and transfer services
  • 34. By Angela Ben de Cosanostra http://flickr.com/photos/amcclen/281983490/
  • 35. Apa yang bisa KITA lakukan bersama
  • 36. Terbuka pada hal-hal baru: pemakai/pemustaka, teknologi, cara kerja, budaya, dll
  • 37. Membangun jaringan dan kolaborasi dengan institusi / repositori lain.
  • 38. Mulai melakukan implementasi Teknologi Informasi sedikit demi sedikit
  • 39. Menggunakan/mengembangkan aplikasi yang ramah dengan isu pertukaran data / interoperabilitas
  • 40. Integrasi prosedur dan aplikasi perpustakaan dengan sistem lain: sistem pembelajaran/e-learning, sistem akademis, web services, dll.
  • 42. Membangun SDM perpustakaan yang skill TI nya mumpuni untuk operasional perpustakaan.
  • 43. Tingkatkan skill dan wawasan pengatalogan.
  • 45. Kreatif dan berani mengambil keputusan.
  • 46. Kerjasama, bukan hanya sama-sama kerja.
  • 47. Affordability and Expense of cataloging Rapid growth of Web resources and Scalability digital assets Need more than descriptive metadata Interoperability issues Competition for Shrinking tech services departments Resources to Develop Streamlining tech services New Library Services workflows Increasing use of external sources of data; automated cataloging methods Significance of the Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere Catalog Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog
  • 48. Help build new kinds of systems for Increasing investment discovery and delivery; many new in discovery systems kinds of metadata; emphasis on re- use, interconnections, interoperability Active participation in Project and team-based workplaces; involvement in digital the community asset management; metadata creation and consulting work; decreasing involvement in traditional cataloguing duties Technology-driven Need for “IT fluency,” esp. metadata specialists; increasing research, teaching and involvement in digital library research, development, and learning production projects Tables 1 and 2 adapted from: Calhoun, Karen. 2007. "Being a librarian: metadata and metadata specialists in the twenty-first century". Library Hi Tech. 25 (2): 174-187. Preprint available: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/2231
  • 49. • Achieving efficiencies; freeing up expertise for other priorities • Achieving quality results • Making collections more visible and usable • Optimizing the usefulness of the metadata we already have • Realizing the dream of interoperable digital libraries
  • 50. 1. Look at the whole process as one process (e.g., selection to ordering to receipt to cataloging to shelf-ready) 2. Maximize acquisitions/cataloging collaboration 3. Capture bibliographic data as far upstream as possible (at point of selection/ordering if you can) 4. To the greatest extent possible, handle items and records only once 5. Perform work where it makes the most sense; and maximize use of students/volunteers 6. Wholly manual processes do not scale; integrate automated and manual operations
  • 51. Must begin with user’s needs and end with user’s perceptions What does ‘quality’ mean? • Fast cycle time for new materials • Providing for easy, convenient use of library collections • Being creative, responsive and flexible • Optimizing the library’s investment in personnel, materials, equipment, etc. • Balancing trade-offs
  • 52. “Rather than enhancing MARC and MARC-based systems, let’s give priority to interoperability with other encoding schemas and systems. We need to meet the demands that have arisen from the rest of the information universe. “ http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2010/2010-06.pdf
  • 56. Data Flickr Commons s y nc h WorldCat & WorldCat Partners… Other partners
  • 57. State Library of Queensland http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/3197460723/
  • 58. Find in a library
  • 59. ser s in: ulling u ao ut, p data met adat ng m et a ush ing ut l inki P l abo It ’s al
  • 60. Outward Integration, Exposure, Machine to Machine Data Services Portal Products, GLOBAL Group Data Aggregation & Flows, Search, Resource Sharing Synchronization, Web services, Local Metadata Authentication, GROUP Management Collection Building, Delivery Services
  • 61. Optimizing the metadata we already have: an example (James Thurber’s Identity)
  • 62. VIAF (Virtual International Authority File): Facilitating research across languages
  • 63. WorldCat knowledge base management Librarian Librarian Librarian 1 2 3 WorldCat knowledge base Admin WorldCat knowledge base data Knowledge base API Federated Link ERM A to Z list Search Resolver User 1 User 2 User 3
  • 64. Worldwide Open Access Repositories Source: 1,719 repositories worldwide Of the top 50: US – 16 Germany – 8 France – 7 Switzerland – 4 UK – 3 Netherlands – 2 Australia – 2 (Source: Cybermetrics Lab)
  • 65. • Aggregation (union catalog) of harvested open access collections • OAI-OMH • 25 million records, 1100 contributing institutions • Began at University of Michigan; now managed by OCLC • Going to self-service contribution model (Digital Collections Gateway)
  • 66. Self-service tool for uploading to WorldCat Freely available to members and non-members of OCLC Makes digital content more visible Compatible with all OAI-compliant repositories More information: http://www.oclc.org/gateway/about/default.htm
  • 67. Library metadata has reached a point of discontinuous change We must change how we think about it and what we do Photo by: OMG Ventures http://www.flickr.com/photos/imagebuilders/2877401212/
  • 68. 1. Cooperate (don’t go it alone) 2. Use a blend of metadata techniques to: • Create many paths to your collections (print, licensed, digital) Synchronize Syndicate • Call attention to a wide array of collections on behalf of your communities (not just your own holdings) 3. Think of traditional library metadata as one of many possible approaches
  • 69. 1. Extend WorldCat’s relevance for multilingual cataloging, discovery, and delivery 2. Help libraries collaborate to reduce costs and reach more citizens, students, and scholars 3. Help libraries expose their collections where the users are—on the Web, using the global information infrastructure
  • 71. The OCLC cooperative: 2008 69,826 libraries in 112 countries 1,355 5,639 55,284 4,253 Cataloging 1,080 eBooks Reference 882 Digitization & Preservation 1,015 Resource Sharing Collection Analysis 320
  • 72. 90.6m Books 3.8m Sound recordings 4.6m Serials 2.4m Scores 3.6m Visual materials .8m Computer files 1.6m Maps .9m Archival collections 108 million records 1.3 billion holdings
  • 73. Contoh ucs dan nayanes
  • 74. Give added value services