L01 Introduction to Enterprise Software
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Í þessum fyrsta fyrirlestri fjöllum við um Enterprise forrit, hvað einkennir þau og hvaða áskoranir við stöndum frammi fyrir. Byrjum á því að skoða forritunarlausnir í samhengi við þróun undanfarinna ára. Menn tala um að nú séu "post PC" tímabil þar sem einkatölvan eins og við þekkjum hana er bara eitt af mörgum tækjum sem við notum. Forritun okkar geta verið snjallsíma öpp eða PC forrit og gögnin okkar eru í tölvuskýjunum. Við skilgreinum hvað er átt við með Enterprise forritun og tökum fjölmörg dæmi. Skilgreinum B2B, B2C og tegundir af lausnum. Þá lítum við á þróun enterprise lausna frá Client-Server til gagnavera sem hýsa microservice lausnir. Slæmu fréttirnar eru að það er mjög erfitt að smíða svona lausnir, en góðu fréttirnar eru að við höfum fjölmörg tæki og tól til að hjálpa okkur.
![“[The Personal Computer] can become the 'Digital Hub'
of our emerging digital lifestyle, adding tremendous value
to our other devices.”
- Steve Jobs, 2001 Keynote introducing the iPod
THE DIGITAL
DECADE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/l01introductiontoenterprisesoftwarecopy-150816225040-lva1-app6891/85/L01-Introduction-to-Enterprise-Software-10-320.jpg)
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L01 Introduction to Enterprise Software
- 1. HÖNNUN OG SMÍÐI HUGBÚNAÐAR 2015 L01 INTRODUCTION TO ENTERPRISE SOFTWARE
- 2. Agenda The Post-PC era Enterprise Application Building Blocks Evolution of Enterprise Software Building Blocks
- 3. Reading Brown: 1-7 Hönnun og smíði hugbúnaðar 2015 - lýsing á námskeiðinu Digital Lifestyle Eric Schmidt talks the Future of Enterprise Software Mobile is Eating the World Enterprise Software Software as a Service
- 5. Eric Schmidt Future of Enterprise Software Conversation with Salesforce CEO, Marc Benioff
- 7. 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Mainframes Mini computers Personal Computers Servers Clusters Cloud – utility computing Laptops Music player 2G Cell phones CONVERGE DIVERGE Smartphones Tablets Smart TV Internet of things Smartwatch
- 10. “[The Personal Computer] can become the 'Digital Hub' of our emerging digital lifestyle, adding tremendous value to our other devices.” - Steve Jobs, 2001 Keynote introducing the iPod THE DIGITAL DECADE
- 11. MUSIC PICTURESVOICE CALLS SMART PHONES SHOWS MOVIES BOOKS/ MAGAZINES THE DIGITAL DECADE 2000 2010
- 12. 2000 2010 iMac iPhone iMac G3 Mac OS 9.0.4 500 MHz PowerPC G3 CPU, 128MB Memory Screen - 786K pixels Storage - 30GB Hard Drive iPhone 4 iOS 4.0 1 Ghz ARM A4 CPU, 512MB Memory Screen - 614K pixels Storage - 32GB Flash Drive
- 13. WHAT HAPPENED AT THE END OF THE DIGITAL DECADE?
- 15. 1981-2011 The era of the PC
- 17. 3 BILLION PEOPLE ARE ALREADY CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET
- 18. SOFTWARE AND DATA ARE STORED IN THE CLOUD UNIVERSAL ACCESS
- 19. OUR DEVICES ARE GATEWAYS TO THE CLOUD
- 20. Source: Slides from Benedict Evans, A16Z, ITU Growth into the Bubble
- 21. Source: Slides from Benedict Evans, A16Z, ITU Growth since the Bubble
- 22. Source: Slides from Benedict Evans, A16Z, ITU Growth into the Future
- 23. The Post-PC Era The Personal Computer era is over Rise of the network Smart phones rule the world APIs Enterprise systems are accessible by consumers, not operators Everything gets connected, IoT
- 24. Challenges in Computing New Requirements Way more users (millions), more complicated software Uptime, security and reliability Scalability Competition drives need for productivity - time to market Leveraging investments – integration with existing systems
- 25. 1980 1990 2000 Hardware Connecting hardware Network Software Connecting software Challenges in Computing Software and integration of components and devices are the challenges ahead Cloud computing and ubiquity Move to Service Oriented Architecture or micro services and APIs
- 27. Which of the following statements is not true? A) The challenge ahead is to connect software B) The PC is no longer a device for development C) Computing has moved to the cloud D) During the digital decade, the PC was the digital hub for all you devices QUIZ
- 40. 40
- 45. Enterprise Applications Software running in corporate data centers Characteristics: ✦ Involve data, some times huge amounts ✦ Concurrent data access, multiple users ✦ Lot of user interface screens ✦ Integration with other enterprise application ✦ Use of middleware software, such as databases, application servers, web servers ✦ Operated by specialists – system operators
- 46. Examples B2C - Business to Consumer ✦ E-commerce web sites such as Amazon, eBay ✦ Commercial services like banking B2B – Business to Consumer ✦ Payroll, patient records, shipping tracking, cost analysis, credit scoring, insurance, supply chain, accounting, customer service, and foreign exchange trading ✦ Content such as: Stock quotes, sports results, email, blogs
- 47. Software as a Service (SaaS) “On-demand” software ✦ Cloud computing IT infrastructure demands ✦ Communication: interacting with the software ✦ Scalability: dealing with fluctuation ✦ Dependability: available 24/7
- 48. Software as a Service Examples E-mail services Project management Blog services
- 49. What is not necessarily characteristic of enterprise software? A) Has many concurrent users working on the same data B) Integrates with other IT systems C) Deploys some form of distribution strategy D) Is operated by specialists not by the users QUIZ
- 50. Evolution of Enterprise Software
- 51. Evolution 60 70 80 90 00 IBM Mainframes Limited layering or abstraction IBM, DEC Mini-‐ computers Unix, VAX “Dumb” terminals Screens/DB PC, Intel, DOS, Mac, Unix, Windows Client/Server DB Windows Internet HTTP Web Browsers Web Applications DB Windows, Linux MacOS Browsers, Services Domain Applications DB
- 52. 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s IBM nframes mited ering or traction IBM, DEC Mini-‐ computers Unix, VAX “Dumb” terminals Screens/Files PC, Intel, DOS, Mac, Unix, Windows Client/Server RMDB Windows Internet HTTP Web Browsers Web Applications RMDB Windows, Linux MacOS Browsers, Services Domain Applications RMDB iOS Android HTML5 Browsers Apps API Cloud NoSQL 10s Evolution
- 53. Server Database Network protocolWindows Client Windows Client Two layer system Thick native client running on a PC, contains all the presentation and domain logic Connects to the server for data Client-Server Network protocol
- 54. Server Database Network protocolWindows Client Windows Client Limited reusability Requiers installation and configuration Versioning is hard Dependant on specific OS Not accessible from outside Client-Server Network protocol
- 55. Network protocolPresentation Layer Presentation Layer Classical three layers Presentation Layer for the user interface, view and input Domain Layer for the business logic Data Source Layer for the data access Move to Three Layers Network protocol Domain Layer Data Source Layer Database
- 56. HTML/HTTPWeb Browser Web Browser The Web added new challenges The browser accesses strings of tags (HTML) Move the logic from client to a web layer Enter the Web Layer HTML/HTTP Domain Layer Data Source Layer Database Web Layer Presentation Layer
- 57. HTML/HTTPWeb Browser Web Browser Domain components are deployed on Application Servers - Distributed multi-tiered applications - Examples: Spring, EJB containers Application Servers HTML/HTTP Domain Layer Data Source Layer Database Web Layer Web Server Application Server
- 58. Web Server Domain Layer SOAP HTTP SOAP Web Browser Native App SOAP Web Browser HTTP Server SOAP Client Built software into independent services Use APIs such as SOAP to expose functionality Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
- 59. Web Browser Native App CMS Web Server Web Server HTML REST REST Microservices Built software into (smaller) independent services Use RESTful APIs with Json Content Management System for all operator editable content
- 60. Client Types Native Applications Apps Usually use some OS GUI and APIs Windows, Linux, MacOS, iOS, Andriod Communication can be anything Use the power of the device Embedded Run inside Web Browsers Flash, Java Applets Communication with XML using HTTP Standardised, provide rich functionality in limited browsers Rich Internet Application (RIA) JavaScript calls REST/ SOAP services for data HTML5 with XML/Json using Ajax/jQuery Standardised, provide rich functionality using HTML5 HTML Presentation in Browsers HTML Presentation in Browsers All functionality is server side Simple HTML
- 61. Tiers vs. Layers Tier implies physical layer Example: Client-server is two-tier system: client on one machine, server on another Layers do not need to run on separate machines Layers can be on the same machine Example: Web system with Web Layer, Domain Layer and Data Source Layer on the same machine, then the database on a separate machine
- 62. Classic N-tier Web Architecture HTTP Service HTTP Service HTTP Service HTTP Service Services Services Database Legacy Server Scalability comes by adding more servers
- 63. Which of the following statements is not true? A) Versioning is only a challenge with client-service model B) Layers need not be on a separate machines C) Web servers can be used as application servers D) Scalability is achieved by duplicating the system QUIZ
- 64. Building Blocks
- 65. Building Enterprise Applications Building computer systems is hard As the complexity of the system gets greater, the task of building the software gets exponentially harder
- 66. Building Enterprise Applications Building computer systems is hard Software Architecture Object Oriented Programming Frameworks Middleware Design Patterns
- 67. Object Oriented Programming OO is key to development of systems • Design for reusability, flexibility and performance One of the biggest hurdles for developers • Each component should be simple with simple task • Involves understanding of interaction of parts “OO design is more important than specific technologies, such as J2EE. We should try to avoid letting our technology choices, such as J2EE, constrain our ability to use true OO design” – Rod Johnson “If the design is good, there is no code” – Jónas Þór, Senior Developer, Betware
- 68. Software Architecture Shared understanding of system’s design by the expert developers on a project - vision and structure • Highest-level breakdown of a system into its parts • Decisions that are hard to change • Architecture influences design of components, technology, performance and middleware • There are always multiple of options
- 69. Object Oriented Programming Design using known ideas • Design patterns are standard solutions to common problems in software design • Systematic approach for problems that reoccur in software development • Patterns have name and definitions - not language dependant History Landmark book from 1995: Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software Gang of Four (GoF)
- 70. Middleware Enterprise system are built on middleware • Can cover a broad spectrum of software and generally sits between an application and an operating system • For example, databases, application servers, web servers, messaging systems, transaction monitors • “The plumbing” – the infrastructure Horizontal market • Solves common problems – not specific business requirements • Low-level system
- 71. Frameworks Frameworks define the support structure for how to organise and build systems • Can improve productivity • We can use existing frameworks or build our own Frameworks implement common problems • Developers extend and add their business requirements Framework design • Use inheritance, inversion of control, interfaces and helper classes • Implement design patterns
- 72. Which of the following statement is not true? A) Design patterns are solutions to common problems B) Object oriented programing is good for general problems C) Frameworks are used to increase productivity D) Middleware can solve business related problems QUIZ
- 73. THINK ABOUT THIS Advice is a dangerous gift There are no right answers “Use the advice to prod your thinking, but don’t use it as a replacement for your thinking” – Martin Fowler